Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab samples from COVID-19 patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a PCR-based study.

IF 4 3区 医学 Q2 VIROLOGY
Rania Ali El Hadi Mohamed, Shikha Fahad Alojayan, Albandary Nasser Alsaloom, Sheka Yagub Aloyouni, Khawlah Aldilaijan, Sarah Abdullah Ababtain
{"title":"Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab samples from COVID-19 patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a PCR-based study.","authors":"Rania Ali El Hadi Mohamed, Shikha Fahad Alojayan, Albandary Nasser Alsaloom, Sheka Yagub Aloyouni, Khawlah Aldilaijan, Sarah Abdullah Ababtain","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02655-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study involved laboratory experiments using conventional PCR to detect the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein (RdRp) and Envelope (E) genes in Forty-Seven nasopharyngeal swab samples from COVID-19 patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Gel electrophoresis results showed amplification of the RdRp gene in 85.1% of the samples and the E gene in 89.4%, confirming the widespread presence of these viral genes. The presence of bands in positive controls indicated the specificity of the primers whilst no bands were detected in the negative controls, indicating the absence of contamination. The study also included data collection from databases to explore the demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients. The male to female infection ratio was 363:63, significantly favoring males (P ≤ 0.05). Fever was present in 81.46% of patients (P ≤ 0.05). A significant portion (60.56%) had not contacted positive cases or traveled outside Saudi Arabia (P ≤ 0.05). The Saudi to non-Saudi ratio among patients was 24.65-75.35% (P ≤ 0.05). Age distribution showed 62.21% of patients were under 50 years old (P ≤ 0.05). ICU admission was required for 12.21% of patients (P ≤ 0.05). Co-morbidities were present in 27.46% of patients (P ≤ 0.05). The mortality rate was low, with a deceased to alive ratio of 1:141 (P ≤ 0.05). Gel electrophoresis revealed that 85.1% of samples showed amplification for the RdRp gene, and 89.4% for the E gene, confirming the widespread presence of these viral genes among the samples tested.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11837285/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Virology Journal","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-025-02655-4","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VIROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study involved laboratory experiments using conventional PCR to detect the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein (RdRp) and Envelope (E) genes in Forty-Seven nasopharyngeal swab samples from COVID-19 patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Gel electrophoresis results showed amplification of the RdRp gene in 85.1% of the samples and the E gene in 89.4%, confirming the widespread presence of these viral genes. The presence of bands in positive controls indicated the specificity of the primers whilst no bands were detected in the negative controls, indicating the absence of contamination. The study also included data collection from databases to explore the demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients. The male to female infection ratio was 363:63, significantly favoring males (P ≤ 0.05). Fever was present in 81.46% of patients (P ≤ 0.05). A significant portion (60.56%) had not contacted positive cases or traveled outside Saudi Arabia (P ≤ 0.05). The Saudi to non-Saudi ratio among patients was 24.65-75.35% (P ≤ 0.05). Age distribution showed 62.21% of patients were under 50 years old (P ≤ 0.05). ICU admission was required for 12.21% of patients (P ≤ 0.05). Co-morbidities were present in 27.46% of patients (P ≤ 0.05). The mortality rate was low, with a deceased to alive ratio of 1:141 (P ≤ 0.05). Gel electrophoresis revealed that 85.1% of samples showed amplification for the RdRp gene, and 89.4% for the E gene, confirming the widespread presence of these viral genes among the samples tested.

沙特阿拉伯利雅得COVID-19患者鼻咽拭子样本中检测SARS-CoV-2:一项基于pcr的研究
本研究采用常规PCR技术在沙特阿拉伯利雅得市采集的47份COVID-19患者鼻咽拭子样本中检测RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶蛋白(RdRp)和包膜(E)基因。凝胶电泳结果显示,RdRp基因在85.1%的样本中扩增,E基因在89.4%的样本中扩增,证实了这些病毒基因的广泛存在。阳性对照中条带的存在表明引物的特异性,而阴性对照中未检测到条带,表明没有污染。该研究还包括从数据库中收集数据,以探索COVID-19患者的人口统计学和临床特征。男女感染率为363:63,男性感染率明显高于女性(P≤0.05)。81.46%患者出现发热(P≤0.05)。有显著比例(60.56%)未接触过阳性病例或曾在沙特境外旅行(P≤0.05)。患者中沙特人与非沙特人之比为24.65 ~ 75.35% (P≤0.05)。年龄分布:62.21%的患者年龄小于50岁(P≤0.05)。12.21%的患者需要住院(P≤0.05)。27.46%的患者存在合并症(P≤0.05)。死亡率低,死活比为1:141 (P≤0.05)。凝胶电泳结果显示,85.1%的样品中RdRp基因扩增,89.4%的样品中E基因扩增,证实了这些病毒基因在检测样品中的广泛存在。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Virology Journal
Virology Journal 医学-病毒学
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
2.10%
发文量
186
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Virology Journal is an open access, peer reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of virology, including research on the viruses of animals, plants and microbes. The journal welcomes basic research as well as pre-clinical and clinical studies of novel diagnostic tools, vaccines and anti-viral therapies. The Editorial policy of Virology Journal is to publish all research which is assessed by peer reviewers to be a coherent and sound addition to the scientific literature, and puts less emphasis on interest levels or perceived impact.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信