Virology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling protection: a meta-analysis of tixagevimab-cilgavimab prophylaxis in 28,950 transplant recipients and immunocompromised patients against COVID-19.","authors":"Mostafa Hossam El Din Moawad, Abdallah Abbas, Haneen Sabet, Mohamed Ahmed Zanaty, Abdullah Ashraf Hamad, Ayoub Rezkallah, Osama Ballut, Taha Fayad, Mona Mahmoud Elsakka, Francis Eshun, Hussien Ahmed H Abdelgawad","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02814-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02814-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This meta-analysis addresses the efficacy and safety of tixagevimab-cilgavimab as pre-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients, particularly during the Omicron variant surge. Given the limited vaccine response in this population, alternative prophylactic strategies are critical.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA guidelines, we comprehensively searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, up to June 22, 2024. We included studies assessing tixagevimab-cilgavimab's impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection rates, hospitalization, ICU admissions, and/or mortality among immunocompromised patients. Data synthesis and analysis were conducted using RevMan and Open-Meta Analyst software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyzing data from 36 studies involving 28,950 patients, tixagevimab-cilgavimab significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection rates by 4.37%, hospitalization by 0.8%, and mortality by 0.5%. Compared to no prophylaxis, the drug combination showed a notable reduction in SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.22-0.50), hospitalization (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.15-0.39), and mortality (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.16-0.66), exhibiting a favorable safety and efficacy profile. During the Omicron surge, tixagevimab-cilgavimab consistently reduced infection risk (OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.17-0.58).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tixagevimab-cilgavimab offers a significant protective effect against COVID-19, including Omicron variants, in immunocompromised patients, underscoring its role as an effective pre-exposure prophylaxis. Future studies should further explore its efficacy across different SARS-CoV-2 variants and potential synergies with vaccination efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12131589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herpesvirus-associated diseases: biomarkers and advancements in clinical research.","authors":"Lu Lu, Miao Fan, Xu Li, Wen Su, Xinyu Wang, Yuhua Xue, Lin Ma, KaiHu Yao, Ying Liu, Lei Jia, Dan Yu","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02795-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02795-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herpesviruses are responsible for a broad spectrum of diseases that impact various tissues and organs, which could lead to complex pathological manifestations and severe complications. These infections represent a significant burden on global public health. Increasing researches have focused on identifying biomarkers associated with herpesvirus-related diseases and the underlying mechanisms. Studies using clinical samples may better reflect the molecular basis of disease progression, offering new insights into the illustration of disease development. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent progress in biomarker discovery across a range of disease conditions caused by herpesviruses, highlighting the latest experimental findings and clinical observations, with a particular focus on the potential applications of these biomarkers in clinical settings. Additionally, we discuss the major challenges in the current research of herpesvirus-associated diseases, intending to foster the discovery of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and deepen our understanding of herpesvirus pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Nucleos(t)ide analogs continuation is not associated with a lower risk of HBsAg seroreversion following PEG-IFN-induced HBsAg loss.","authors":"Na Gao, Haishi Wu, Bin Li, Huiying Yu, Lili Wu, Jing Zhang, Nan Zhang, Bingliang Lin, Qiyi Zhao, Zhiliang Gao","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02807-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02807-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"174"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Silent messengers of chaos: unveiling the dual threat of immune infiltrates in Japanese encephalitis virus neuroinflammatory storm\".","authors":"Naina Soni, Rashmi Rameshwari","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02805-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02805-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring monkeypox virus antibody levels: insights from human immunological research.","authors":"Jing Wu, Xiaomin Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02748-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02748-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monkeypox(mpox) is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), which was previously endemic to West and Central Africa. However, it has recently appeared in several non-endemic countries beyond Africa. On July 23, 202 WHO declared mpox outbreak a public health emergency of international concern, a declaration reaffirmed on August 14, 2024. In this context, understanding the antibody levels of MPXV in the population has become crucial, especially given the historical cross-protection provided by smallpox vaccination. To provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of MPXV antibody levels and the protective efficacy of smallpox vaccination, we conducted a review of the existing literature. We reviewed relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 1958 to 2025, focusing on those that reported research on MPXV antibodies and the effects of smallpox vaccination. Here, we review the research progress of MPXV and smallpox virus(VARV) in epidemiology, etiology, mutation and mechanism of virus infection, clinical characteristics and vaccine application. In addition, the differences in MPXV levels in different populations and the cross-protective effect of smallpox vaccine against mpox were also discussed. Our review indicates that MPXV antibody levels are closely related to the level of immunity in the population, particularly among individuals who have received smallpox vaccination. This narrative review aims to synthesize existing evidence on the role of smallpox vaccination in protecting against mpox and to offer evidence-based guidance for public health policy. We aim to establish a theoretical foundation and practical recommendations for future research and mpox prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"175"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal relationship between immune cells and post-viral fatigue syndrome: a Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Zheyi Wang, Zetai Bai, Yize Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02809-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02809-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accumulating evidence has hinted at a correlation between immune cells and post-viral fatigue syndrome (PVFS). However, it is still ambiguous whether these associations indicate a causal connection.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To elucidate the potential causal link between immune cells and PVFS, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained summary data on PVFS cases (Ncase = 195) and controls (Ncontrol = 382,198) from the FinnGen consortium. Additionally, we retrieved comprehensive statistical information on 731 immune cell features. Our analysis encompassed both forward and reverse MR approaches. To ensure the reliability and validity of our findings, we conducted rigorous sensitivity analyses, addressing issues of robustness and heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Our study presents compelling evidence of a probable causal link between immune cells and PVFS. Notably, we have pinpointed 28 distinct types of immune cell traits that potentially exhibit a causal association with PVFS. Among a pool of 7 31 immune cell traits, we identified 28 immune cell types that exhibited a potential causal association with PVFS. These included 9 B cells, 1 conventional dendritic cell (cDC), 1 maturation stage of T cell, 3 myeloid cells, 9 T, B, NK, and monocyte cells (TBNK), and 5 regulatory T cells (Treg).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Through genetic analyses, our study has unveiled profound causal connections between specific types of immune cells and PVFS, offering valuable guidance for forthcoming clinical investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"171"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12124062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orf132: a critical gene for LSDV replication and its role in Er stress-related apoptosis.","authors":"Yongtao Wang, Shiwei Zhang, Hailing Li, Yali Feng, Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02813-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02813-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lumpy skin disease (LSD), caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), is an emerging infectious disease in China that primarily affects cattle. LSDV and goatpox virus (GTPV) belong to the Capripoxvirus genus and exhibit high genomic homology, enabling cross-immunogenicity. Comparative genome analysis revealed that LSDV contains a unique gene, Orf132, whose function remains uncharacterized. In this study, we first confirmed that the recombinant ORF132 protein exhibits immunoreactivity against sera from LSDV-infected cattle. To investigate the biological role of Orf132, we generated an Orf132 deletion strain (LSDV-ΔOrf132). Compared with the wild-type LSDV, the replication capacity of LSDV-ΔOrf132 was reduced approximately tenfold, indicating that Orf132 is critical for viral replication. Transcriptomic analysis of infected MDBK cells revealed significant alterations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein processing and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways following Orf132 deletion. qRT-PCR validation showed marked upregulation of ER stress markers, including Grp78, Chop, and Gadd34. Subsequent apoptosis assays established that Orf132 deletion triggers CHOP-Caspase-12-mediated apoptotic pathways. This dysregulated stress response cascade culminates in premature apoptotic scenarios, possibly weakening viral replication. We also showed that adding ORF132 protein effectively inhibited ER stress in LSDV-ΔOrf132-infected cells and rescued the attenuation phenotype of LSDV-ΔOrf132. Our findings collectively revealed that Orf132 is a critical gene for LSDV replication and a negative regulator of ER stress. It plays an essential role in the virus's life cycle, and its deletion significantly impairs viral replication while inducing ER stress-related apoptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"172"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12124087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease associated with HSV-1 and CMV coinfection.","authors":"Sepideh Khodamoradi, Forouzan Khodaei, Taher Mohammadian, Atousa Ferdousi, Fatemeh Rafiee","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02786-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02786-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis have been reported to influence cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), particularly those infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or cytomegalovirus (CMV). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of viral infection on oxidative stress markers associated with these pathways in AD patients. A total of 100 adults with mild-to-moderate AD were randomly assigned to a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial and categorized into three groups: AD (uninfected), AD with HSV-1, and AD with CMV. The primary outcomes included changes in serum inflammatory markers (IL-1β and TNF-α), blood antioxidant and oxidative stress markers-glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), as well as the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (BAX and BCL-2). Results showed that, compared to the control group, the AD group exhibited significant alterations in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. CMV infection led to increased antioxidant enzyme activity and decreased serum inflammatory markers relative to the uninfected AD group. However, there were significant differences in ratio BAX/BCL-2 protein expression between the CMV and HSV-1 groups when compared to the AD group. In conclusion, AD patients infected with HSV-1 or CMV demonstrated distinct alterations in inflammatory, oxidative stress, antioxidant profiles, and apoptosis markers, which may have beneficial implications for circulatory biomarkers and potentially cognitive outcomes in AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An inactivated influenza D virus vaccine protects guinea pigs from infections and contact transmission caused by homologous challenge.","authors":"Zhipeng Dong, Pengyang Lu, Yue Feng, Hongbo Gao, Wentao Wan, Tiecheng Wang, Xianzhu Xia, Weiyang Sun, Yuwei Gao","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02801-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02801-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Influenza D virus (IDV) was first isolated from pigs in 2011 which caused the bovine respiratory disease and economic losses. This study aimed to develop an inactivated vaccine to protect against IDV using guinea pigs as an animal model. Vaccinated guinea pigs exhibited seroconversion with hemagglutination inhibition titers ranging from 1: 320 to 1: 640 and neutralizing antibody levels reaching 1: 2560 after booster immunity. In the vaccinated guinea pigs, viral titers were detected in the nasal lavage fluids from days one to seven, showing a significant difference from the control group. Peak viral shedding of approximately 10⁶ TCID₅₀/mL was measured in the nasal turbinate and nasal washes from days one to five. In contact transmission experiments, non-vaccinated guinea pigs that lived with the infection group were more likely to become infected than those in the vaccinated group. These results demonstrate that the inactivated IDV vaccine protected guinea pigs from contact transmission caused by homologous challenge. Our study provides a new choice for developing IDV vaccines to protect animals from IDV infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"168"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the effectiveness of a supported intervention package in reducing the risk of avian influenza human exposure through the reduction of infections in poultry: Egypt, 2006-2021.","authors":"Manal Fahim, Walaa Alim, Shimaa Abukamar, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Wael H Roshdy, Hossam Hassan, Amira Mohsen, Salma Afifi, Mohamed Abdel Fattah, Radi Hammad, Amr Kandeel","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02810-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02810-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>For a decade, avian influenza (AI) viruses were major concern for Egypt since they are endemic in poultry and have caused 359 human infections, accounting for 40% of cases globally. Interventions implemented before 2015 proved to have minor impact on the spread of infection. Since 2015, a Supported Intervention Package (SIP) was implemented to reduce the risk of human exposure by reducing infections in poultry. The intervention package included enhanced surveillance and laboratory capacity, early outbreak detection, and raised community awareness. This study aims to evaluate SIP's effectiveness by comparing number and rates of AI in humans and poultry before and after intervention package implementation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AI surveillance data for poultry and humans from 2006 to 2021 was obtained and linked. Human AI data include patients' demographics, clinical picture, risk factors, lab results and outcome, while poultry data include number prevent of positive specimens for AI by time and place. Confirmation performed by testing oropharyngeal swabs collected from suspected patients and poultry using RT-PCR in the affiliated laboratory. Positive rates were calculated, descriptive data analysis was performed and rate of infection was plotted against demographics and risk factors. Results compared before and after implementation of using Chi² and t-test with p < 0.05 significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among all confirmed cases, 346(96.4%) reported before and 13(3.6%) after SIP implementation with no cases reported after 2017. A significant reduction in positivity rate of both human and poultry cases (2.0 vs. 0.2% and 2.4 vs. 1.2%, p < 0.001) found after 2015. Percent of housewives decreased from 30.9 to 7.7%, p < 0.05 and positive specimens' rates from backyards decreased from 61.1 to 47.9%, p < 0.001. Median days to laboratory confirmation reduced from 3.6 to 2.8 days. The genetic analysis indicated a major genetic drift occurred before 2015, possibly due to inadequate control measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Study indicated reduced infections in humans and poultry suggesting effectiveness of SIP, which also raised community awareness as shown by reducing infections among housewives and enhancing surveillance as shown by case earlier detection. Continued coordinated efforts between human and poultry sectors are needed to contribute to the elimination of the disease in Egypt.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}