Virology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Reevaluating antiviral thresholds in HBV DNA-negative inactive HBsAg carriers: a multicenter histopathological analysis.","authors":"Shan Ren, Sujun Zheng, Xinyang Zhang, Junliang Fu, Rongshan Fan, Qingfa Ruan, Wenqi Huang, Haibing Gao, Xiulan Xue, Fang Yang, Yao Xie, Minghui Li, Xinyue Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02853-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02853-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The definition of inactive HBsAg carriers (IHC) varies globally, particularly regarding HBV DNA thresholds. Whether HBV DNA negativity reliably predicts histological quiescence remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study evaluated liver pathology in IHC patients to reassess antiviral therapy thresholds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multi-center, retrospective study included 231IHCs(2018-2023) stratified by HBV DNA negativity (< 20IU/mL). Liver biopsies assessed inflammation (G ≥ 2) and fibrosis (F ≥ 2); evident hepatic injury (EHI) was defined as G ≥ 2 and/or F ≥ 2. Multivariable models evaluated predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 231 IHC patients(median age:43 years old; 95.2% ≥30 years old), 35.9%(83/231) were HBV DNA negative. The median HBsAg and HBV DNA level were 132 IU/ml and 94 IU/ml, respectively. Notably, EHI prevalence was significantly higher in HBV DNA negative patients than positive ones(44.9% vs. 31%, P = 0.04), driven by fibrosis (F ≥ 2: 42.2% vs. 21.6%, P < 0.001), challenging the assumption that HBV DNA negativity ensures low histological risk. Male sex, HBV DNA negativity, and elevated liver stiffness measurement(LSM) independently predicted EHI (OR = 3.37, AUC = 0.747).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HBV DNA negativity does not guarantee histological quiescence in inactive HBsAg carriers aged ≥ 30 years, with 44.9% exhibiting significant liver injury. In this population, LSM > 6.4 Kpa should prompt consideration of liver biopsy and/or initiation of antiviral therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"235"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12243403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic criteria for Epstein-barr virus-associated encephalitis: a comment on Liu et al.","authors":"Fereshte Sheybani, Mahboubeh Haddad","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02860-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02860-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We read with great interest the article by Liu et al., titled \"Clinical features and risk factors for Epstein-Barr virus-associated encephalitis: a retrospective cohort study.\" The study provides valuable insights into the clinical spectrum and risk factors associated with EBV-related encephalitis.</p><p><strong>Main body: </strong>While Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is frequently detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during CNS infections, its role as a primary pathogen remains uncertain, especially in immunocompromised patients. We commend the authors for their efforts but seek clarification on the diagnostic criteria used to attribute causality to EBV. Specifically, we question whether the diagnosis relied solely on the detection of EBV DNA in the CSF or whether supporting parameters, such as viral load, CSF/serum ratios, or intrathecal antibody synthesis, were considered. The distinction between causative and incidental EBV detection is clinically significant and remains a challenge in neuroinfectious disease practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Further elaboration on how EBV-associated encephalitis was defined in the study would enhance its clinical relevance and aid practitioners encountering similar diagnostic complexities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12243388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of a pseudovirus system for human Aichi virus: in vitro and in vivo analysis.","authors":"Ruojun Wu, Jingli Tian, Shunchang Fan, Minyi Liang, Yucheng Li, Ying Deng, Binbin Tang, Minyi Zhang, Qing Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02839-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02839-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human Aichi virus (AiV) (genus Kobuvirus, family Picornaviridae) has been described as a causative agent of human gastroenteritis since 1989. However, research on AiV at cellular and animal levels is limited. Utilizing a double reporter gene system, we constructed an AiV capsid protein plasmid and genomic backbone Replicon. Subsequently, AiV pseudovirus (AiV PsV) particles were packaged using a three-plasmid co-transfection system. Eleven cell types were screened to identify those susceptible to AiV PsV. Mouse models were established with AiV PsV to determine the optimal mouse species, mode of infection, and detection time, and investigate distribution characteristics of AiVs in vivo. HeLa cells exhibited the highest sensitivity to AiV PsV. A BALB/c mouse model established with bioluminescence imaging performed 24 h after infection via intraperitoneal injection demonstrated that the bioluminescent signal was concentrated in the murine abdominal cavity. The AiV PsV system should advance understanding of the infectious features of AiVs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism research of Punicalagin in treating representative strains of enterovirus A and B types based on systems pharmacology and experimental validation.","authors":"Yuwei Liu, Jing Chen, Nana Du, Min Zhao, Yi Zhao, Ping Wu, Likai Ji, Shixing Yang, Xiaochun Wang, Quan Shen, Xiaodan Zhang, Songyi Ning, Hongfeng Yang, Wen Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02845-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02845-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enteroviruses (EVs), particularly types A (e.g., EV-A71) and B (e.g., CVB3), cause severe complications in vulnerable populations. Limited vaccines and no antivirals underscore the need for broad-spectrum therapies. Punicalagin, a natural anti-inflammatory compound, was investigated for its pan-enteroviral therapeutic potential.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate punicalagin's efficacy and mechanisms against multiple EV serotypes via integrated systems pharmacology and experimental validation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Network pharmacology identified punicalagin's targets and pathways. In vitro antiviral activity was assessed in Vero/A549 cells infected with EV-A71/CVB3. Neonatal mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with these viruses to test in vivo efficacy. Molecular docking, apoptosis assays, and inflammatory factor analyses elucidated mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Punicalagin inhibited EV-A71 and CVB3 replication in vitro and improved survival in infected mice. Systems pharmacology linked its effects to anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory pathways. Molecular docking confirmed interactions with apoptosis/inflammation regulators (e.g., CASP3, TNF-α). Experimental validation demonstrated reduced viral-induced apoptosis and suppressed IL-6/TNF-α levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Punicalagin exhibits broad-spectrum anti-enteroviral activity through dual inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation, validated across in vitro, in vivo, and computational models. This study provides a systems-level framework for repurposing natural compounds against phylogenetically diverse EVs, addressing critical therapeutic gaps for high-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"229"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Immuno and bioinformatics assisted novel epitope vaccine against HIV infection: a study based on complete genome.","authors":"Saurav Kumar Mishra, Abdelkrim Guendouzi, Neeraj Kumar, Ganesh Sharma, Taha Alqahtani, Magdi E A Zaki, Md Abdullah Al Mashud, Yewulsew Kebede Tiruneh, John J Georrge","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02764-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02764-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring co-infection dynamics and immune response interactions between COVID-19 and Monkeypox: implications for disease severity, viral transmission, and vaccine efficacy.","authors":"Oluwatoyin Ayo-Farai, Nenrot Gopep, Aminat Alarape-Raji, Huda Adnan, Maryam Ahmed, Rida Arif, Eisha Kashif, Malik Olatunde Oduoye, Muhammad Usman Haider","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02857-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02857-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and Monkeypox (Mpox) are viral infections that have similar modes of presentation, diagnosis and treatment strategies. Understanding their co-infection dynamics and immune response is important for public health policies.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This article aims to determine the relationship between dynamicity and immune response interactions between Mpox and COVID-19, focusing more on the implications for disease severity, viral transmission, and vaccine efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>An extensive literature review was conducted through electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science from the last decade (2014-2024) using keywords: COVID-19, Co-infections, Immune response, Monkeypox, and Vaccination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Several co-infections between COVID-19 and Mpox have been reported, especially a case from Florida, in the United States of America (USA), in Barcelona, Spain (a 56-year-old man who suffered both Mpox and COVID-19 and syphilis simultaneously, and from Italy (a 36-year-old male). Both COVID-19 and Mpox have been shown to have some effects on the immunity of a person, especially the innate system, which can occasionally produce inadvertent effects. A common factor that links the two diseases is the endoglycosidase named Heparanase (HPSE). Both COVID-19 and Mpox clinical features have bizarre severity and complications. The rising co-infection of COVID-19 and increased Mpox infection rate has led to the development of only approved vaccines JYNNEOS and COH04S1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Global efforts such as adequate awareness campaigns through webinars, social media platforms, and research, including experimental studies, cohort studies, case series, etc., should be put in place to give more insights into both diseases. Such efforts should be backed up with good political will, adequate funding, the establishment of research facilities and interprofessional measures among the concerned countries and policymakers in the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology, coinfection, and diversity of enteroviruses detected in respiratory samples collected from patients with influenza-like illness in Hangzhou, China, in 2023.","authors":"Xiaofeng Qiu, Feifei Cao, Shi Cheng, Jun Li","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02862-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02862-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coronavirus pandemic in China ended in 2022, and stringent control measures were lifted in 2023. This study investigated the pathogen and endemic characteristics of enteroviruses (EVs) in patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) in Hangzhou, China, in 2023, providing a foundation for the prevention and control of EV infections. Throughout 2023, 3,480 throat swab samples were collected from hospitals across Hangzhou. Among these, 130 were positive for EVs, with a positivity rate of 3.74%. Successful sequencing and typing were achieved for 91 cases (70.00%, 91/130), which included four enterovirus A (EV-A), three enterovirus B (EV-B), and one enterovirus D (EV-D) species. EV-A was predominant in 94.51% (86/91) of the samples, followed by EV-B (4.40%, 4/91) and EV-D (1.10%, 1/91). Notably, coxsackievirus A6 was the dominant genotype detected, accounting for 60.44% (55/91) of the samples. Coinfection with 12 distinct non-EV respiratory pathogens was also observed in a significant proportion (75.82%, 69/91) of the samples. Summer and autumn represented peak periods for EV circulation, and children < 8 years of age constituted the primary demographic group affected. There were no sex-based differences in the positivity rate of EV detection (χ²=0.258, P = 0.655). Phylogenetic analyses based on partial VP1 sequences revealed that each representative strain clustered with its corresponding reference strain. Isolated CV-A4 strains were classified within subgenotype C2, CV-A6 strains within subgenotype D3, and CV-A10 strains within subgenotype C1. In conclusion, EV infections among ILI cases in Hangzhou during 2023 peaked in summer and autumn (July and October), with CV-A6 emerging as the predominant type. Children aged 0-7 years constituted the primary risk group for EV infection, with no significant sex-based differences observed. Incorporating EV screening into influenza sentinel surveillance would enhance understanding of endemic trends and pathogen characteristics in ILI patients, thereby informing evidence-based prevention policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of sarbecoviruses isolated from microbats in Southern Japan.","authors":"Kosuke Okuya, Sho Sata, Mana Esaki, Isshu Kojima, Masahiro Kajihara, Shin Murakami, Takuji Sakata, Kimitake Funakoshi, Makoto Ozawa","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02864-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02864-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"226"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological characteristics and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection in Yangpu district, Shanghai, 2020-2024.","authors":"Zien Cheng, Yu Zhao, Ting Xu, Liting Wu, Hongdan Zhao, Jia Li","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02855-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02855-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the positive rate and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Yangpu District, Shanghai, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer and related diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on HPV genotyping data from 19,142 outpatients, inpatients, and health examinees at Shanghai Shidong Hospital from 2020 to 2024. Overall infection rate, genotype distribution, age-specific positivity, and annual trends were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 19,142 specimens, 4,421 tested positive for HPV, yielding a total positive rate of 23.10%. The top five prevalent genotypes were HPV-52 (21.72%), HPV-53 (11.94%), HPV-58 (10.19%), HPV-51 (8.02%), and HPV-39 (6.86%). Dominant genotypes varied across years. Age-specific infection rates followed an approximate U-shaped curve, with peaks in the ≤ 20-year group (57.69%) and the 61-70-year group (29.72%). Among mixed infections (28.70% of positives), single infections predominated (71.30%). The most common co-infection combinations were HPV-52 + HPV-53 and HPV-52 + HPV-58. High-risk age groups for HPV infection were 31-40, 51-60, and 61-70 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The HPV infection rate in Yangpu District, Shanghai, was 23.10%, primarily driven by single-genotype infections. HPV-52, -53, and - 58 were the dominant genotypes, with significant age-specific variations. These findings underscore the need for enhanced HPV vaccination promotion and targeted preventive strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"225"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12232720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomics-based novel Caulimoviridae virus discovery and its development of identification markers in Lilium lancifolium thunb.","authors":"Huabing Liang, Yongxue Yang, Shuyuan Yi, Dingjun Cai, Haiping Zhou, Hongqing Yin, Chengxiao Yuan, Guolin Zhou, Daogang Tian, Xiaochuan Xia, Zhanchang Wang, Fazhi Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02837-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02837-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant viruses cause considerable economic losses in the lily industry due to the emergence of diverse viral mutations and novel pathogens. Effective detection and identification of these viruses are critical for controlling their spread and mitigating infections. In this study, two novel Caulimoviridae viruses, namely Lancifolium Caulimovirus A (LCaA) and Lancifolium Caulimovirus B (LCaB), were identified for the first time in Lilium lancifolium Thunb. (tiger lily) through integrated metagenomic sequencing and Sanger sequencing. The complete genomes of LCaA and LCaB were determined to be 7,542 nt and 7,582 nt in length, respectively. Among the pooled tiger lily samples, seven LCaA isolates exhibited genome sequence identities ranging from 99.59 to 99.73%, while six LCaB isolates showed identities between 98.51% and 98.91%. Leveraging these isolates genomic variations, four sets of diagnostic markers were developed to distinguish the LCa viruses (LCaA and LCaB). Specific marker combinations were employed to identify LCa, LCaA, and LCaB strains. This study reports the discovery of two novel Caulimoviridae species and establishes a robust PCR-based methodology for their detection. The developed markers provide a valuable diagnostic tool for the early detection and management of LCa viruses in lily cultivation systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"221"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}