Virology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Unraveling VP2 mutations in Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) associated with potential vaccine escape in poultry flocks in Shandong, China.","authors":"Bo Liu, Yanli Bi, Jinwen Xie, Haige Su, Lisanework E Ayalew, Qihui Luo, Lizhong Miao, Na Tang, Wubshet Ashenafi Kiros, Abdelrahman Said, Wenxiu Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03144-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-026-03144-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The phage Φ13-encoded transcriptional regulator Ltr controls phage assembly in Staphylococcus aureus.","authors":"Ronja Dobritz, Marcel Bäcker, Carina Rohmer, Natalya Korn, Vittoria Bisanzio, Christiane Wolz","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03167-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-026-03167-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Temperate phages play a central role in the evolution and pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus. Sa3int phages provide highly human-specific virulence factors that promote immune evasion and survival within the host. The reversible excision of these phages which occurs without phage production and bacterial lysis allows the simultaneous expression of phage virulence genes and the hlb gene where they usually integrate. However, the regulatory mechanisms that control phage assembly and the cross-talk with host factors remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We analyzed the regulatory mechanism controlling late gene transcription of Sa3int phage Φ13. We identified a functional promoter, P_23, located upstream of the late phage genes that control DNA processing and packaging, capsid assembly, bacterial lysis and immune evasion. SAOUHSC_02200, the gene located upstream of P₂₃, encodes for a late transcriptional regulator (Ltr). Mutating the P₂₃ TATA-box or the ltr gene abolished P₂₃ activity and formation of mature intact phage particles, thus confirming the role of Ltr in regulating P₂₃ activity. Four direct repeats upstream of the P₂₃ transcriptional start site were identified as potential Ltr binding sites. RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that Ltr-dependent P₂₃ activation is essential for the expression of late genes and the subsequent Φ13 propagation. Furthermore, comparative analysis of P₂₃ activity and ltr expression in different host strain backgrounds revealed strain-specific differences that appear to depend on the alternative sigma factor SigB and its downstream effector SpoVG.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ltr controls the expression of late phage genes, thereby regulating phage assembly and lysis. This process is modulated by SpoVG activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13123087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The first trimester human placenta responds to Zika virus infection inducing an interferon (IFN) and antiviral interferon stimulated gene (ISG) response.","authors":"Kylie H Van der Hoek, Tanja Jankovic-Karasoulos, Dylan McCullough, Rosa C Coldbeck-Shackley, Nicholas S Eyre, Claire T Roberts, Michael R Beard","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03157-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-026-03157-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13104326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value and mechanism of LINC00665 for liver dysfunction in pregnant women with hepatitis B during early pregnancy.","authors":"Yan Zeng, Xueyan Li, Jiongbo Lou, Mingxiu Cui","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03153-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-026-03153-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of angiogenesis in chorioallantoic membrane xenografted hepatocellular carcinomas by treatment with a decorin-expressing herpes simplex virus vector.","authors":"Fanny Frejborg, Oliver Koivisto, Roope Huttunen, Jessica M Rosenholm, Hongbo Zhang, Hannu Järveläinen, Veijo Hukkanen","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03162-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-026-03162-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Decorin is a proteoglycan that suppresses tumor growth and angiogenesis. We studied whether our recently constructed decorin-expressing herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector can reduce angiogenesis in xenografted liver carcinoma cells in the chorioallantoic membrane model. The vascularized tumors were treated with an overlay dose of our vector. The results show that the treatment reduced angiogenesis in the tumors by 60% (p = 0.005) four days after treatment, suggesting that decorin-expressing HSV vectors are a promising strategy for novel cancer therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of JC virus DNA in CSF of pediatric patients with non-PML neurological disorders.","authors":"Negar Hemmati, Amir Hossein Alipour, Bahman Abedi Kiasari","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03171-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-026-03171-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>JC virus (JCV) is a human polyomavirus classically associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Its role in other central nervous system (CNS) disorders - and the contribution of related polyomaviruses such as BK virus (BKV) and simian virus 40 (SV40) - remains poorly defined in pediatric populations, especially among immunocompromised patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed 64 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens collected from children evaluated for suspected viral encephalitis or meningoencephalitis between March and October 2024. Broad-range and virus-specific PCR assays targeting conserved regions of the large T antigen (LT-ag) and VP1 genes were performed. Positive amplicons were confirmed by bidirectional Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Associations with HIV status were assessed using chi-square tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>JCV DNA was detected in 4 of 64 samples (4/64; 6.3%), BKV DNA in 5 of 64 samples (5/64; 7.8%), and both viruses were co-detected in 3 samples (3/64; 4.7%). All positive detections occurred in HIV-positive patients (JCV: 4/19 HIV+; BKV: 5/19 HIV+), yielding statistically significant associations with HIV status (JCV p = 0.006; BKV p = 0.002). No SV40 DNA was identified. Phylogenetic reconstruction grouped patient sequences tightly with reference JCV and BKV strains, supporting authentic detection rather than laboratory contamination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results provide molecular evidence that JCV and BKV can be detected in the CSF of pediatric patients with suspected CNS infection - predominantly in the setting of HIV-associated immunosuppression - and may represent underrecognized contributors to non-PML neurological disease. Larger, longitudinal studies integrating clinical, radiological and quantitative viral-load data are required to define causality and clinical impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nucleotide sequence analysis reveals the presence of PVY-Tam isolates affecting tamarillo in Colombia.","authors":"Carolina Martínez-Moncayo, Tulio César Lagos-Burbano, Clara Ontañón, Inmaculada Ferriol, Juan José López-Moya, Mireia Uranga","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03166-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-026-03166-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tamarillo or tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) is a fruit tree species of Andean origin with cultural and economic relevance in Colombia. The high incidence of complex viral diseases termed \"virosis\" in all tamarillo-growing regions of the country leads to huge production losses and seriously threatens its cultivation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RNA-seq libraries were constructed for symptomatic samples from eight tamarillo-growing locations across the Department of Nariño (Colombia). Their virus diversity was characterized using the Genome Detective software. The identified PVY isolate was subsequently subjected to RT-PCR validation and phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Several virus species belonging to the genera Torradovirus, Potyvirus and Polerovirus were identified in mixed infections in tamarillo. Full- or nearly full-length genomes were generated for tomato torrado virus (ToTV), physalis torrado virus (PhyTV), potato leafroll virus (PLRV), and a novel isolate of potato virus Y-Tamarillo (PVY-Tam). When present, PVY-Tam seems to synergistically boost the accumulation of unrelated viruses, therefore contributing to the severity of the infections. Nucleotide sequence analysis suggests that the PVY-Tam from Nariño originated in South America by a recent divergence of the PVY^N lineage, and possibly by the recombination of geographically close isolates. Moreover, P3N-PIPO, a frameshift product from the potyviral P3 gene, shows variations in protein lenght between PVY isolates that might be involved with host-specific adaptations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We provide evidence of a novel PVY-Tam isolate in the Andean region that might promote the severity of unrelated virus partners in field-grown tamarillo. Our findings contribute to understanding tamarillo virosis for the development of effective diagnostic and control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zika virus: unraveling the complex interplay between viral pathogenesis and host immune defenses.","authors":"Senquan Zheng, Hanxi Xiao, Liangpeng Suo, Xinyue Luo, Xuhu Mao, Qian Li, Xiaoyuan Lin","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03163-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-026-03163-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and antigenic characteristics of the influenza B virus in Guangzhou, 2022-2023.","authors":"Yang Liu, Shengzhen Wu, Yong Liu, Jingbin Chen, Juncong Xiao, Jiawei Zhang, Qingsheng Huang, Weiqi Pan, Dongni Lin, Yang Wang, Hon Chitin, Zifeng Yang, Xiaoyan Deng","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03141-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-026-03141-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Influenza B virus (IBV), which accounts for nearly a quarter of annual global influenza-associated morbidity, represents a major human respiratory pathogen. Since late 2019, IBV transmission patterns have shifted markedly following the emergence of COVID-19, yet systematic studies on IBV prevalence before and after the pandemic remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted systematic surveillance of 66 IBV isolates collected from Guangzhou during 2022-2023. Phylogenetic analysis of HA/NA genes was complemented with evolutionary rate estimation, hemagglutination inhibition assays, antigenic cartography, and structural modeling of hemagglutinin variants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We revealed the distinct epidemic trends of IBVs in Southern China: clade V1A.3a.1/V1A.3a.2 co-circulated in 2022-2023 influenza season, while complete replacement of V1A.3a.1 by V1A.3a.2 in 2023-2024 season, which was driven by a 1.36-fold increase in the evolutionary rate of the HA gene (1.632 × 10^-3, P < 0.05) post-NPIs. Spatially, discrete Bayesian phylogeographic analysis confirmed that Jiangxi Province acted as the core upstream hub of the nationwide transmission of V1A.3a.1, which persisted endemically from Jiangxi in 2020 to six adjacent provinces in 2021 before its final extinction in China. Notably, cross-reactive HI and quantitative antigenic cartography elucidated antigenic divergence between V1A.3a.1 and V1A.3a.2 subclades, and revealed that the complete displacement of V1A.3a.1 by V1A.3a.2 was mediated by the broadened antigenic recognition of 2023 V1A.3a.2 isolates. Structural modeling revealed L144P in the 150-loop may be the primary driver of antigenic divergence, inducing conformational rearrangement in residues 146-148.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study elucidates the unique evolutionary and epidemic patterns of IBV in the subtropical region of southern China after the relaxation of COVID-19 NPIs, deciphers the molecular mechanism of clade replacement and antigenic diversification of the Victoria lineage V1A.3a subclade, and validates the sustained effectiveness of the WHO 2022 influenza B vaccine strain update in southern China. Our findings fill the gap in systematic surveillance of IBV in subtropical sentinel regions, identify Guangzhou as a key monitoring site for IBV evolutionary dynamics, and provide critical molecular and antigenic evidence for the optimization of regional influenza surveillance systems and vaccine strain selection strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poxvirus infection triggers remodeling of host m⁶A epitranscriptome and benefits from the m⁶A regulatory responses.","authors":"Taehyung Kwon, Demosthenes P Morales, Abigale S Mikolitis, Phillip M Mach, Cheryl D Gleasner, Sofiya N Micheva-Viteva","doi":"10.1186/s12985-026-03160-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-026-03160-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding how host gene regulation responds to viral infection is essential for developing effective antiviral strategies. Emerging evidence suggests that host transcripts undergo dynamic chemical modifications to counteract viral invasion. Conversely, viruses that rely on nuclear transcription exploit host RNA methyltransferases to enhance mRNA export and translation. Orthopoxviruses, however, complete their entire replication cycle within compartmentalized cytoplasmic \"factories\" utilizing enzymes encoded by their large double-stranded viral DNA genomes. The dynamic interplay between host and poxviral epitranscriptome remains poorly characterized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using a temporally resolved model of Vaccinia virus (VV) infection, we investigated host-virus interactions through transcriptome and N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) epitranscriptome whole genome sequencing. We found that host m⁶A modifications respond rapidly to VV infection, preceding the delayed transcriptional changes that emerge at later stages. Early m⁶A signatures included key innate immunity factors as well as host genes involved in transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional modification, and protein ubiquitination. Functional assays validated two host factors with early m⁶A modification changes that are essential for VV infection: a m⁶A reader, YTHDF1, and a component of the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, FBXO31. The m⁶A gain on YTHDF1 enhanced its protein expression and promoted efficient VV replication. In addition, we identified previously unrecognized roles of FBXO31 and the SCF E3 ligase complex in supporting VV infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Temporal profiling of the m⁶A epitranscriptome reveals how VV exploits host post-transcriptional regulatory pathways, specifically m⁶A RNA modification and protein ubiquitination. These findings highlight critical host factors co-opted during poxvirus infection and identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147663217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}