Virology Journal最新文献

{"title":"The protective role of Mertk in JEV-induced encephalitis by maintaining the integrity of blood–brain barrier","authors":"Chuanyu Luo, Mengyuan Li, Peiyu Bian, Jiali Yang, Xiamei Liao, Yangchao Dong, Chuantao Ye, Fanglin Zhang, Xin Lv, Qianqian Zhang, Yingfeng Lei","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02472-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02472-1","url":null,"abstract":"Japanese encephalitis is an acute infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by neurotropic Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). As a member of TAM (Tyro3, Axl and Mertk) family, Mertk has involved in multiple biological processes by engaging with its bridging ligands Gas6 and Protein S, including invasion of pathogens, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, inflammatory response regulation, and the maintenance of blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity. However, its role in encephalitis caused by JEV infection has not been studied in detail. Here, we found that Mertk−/− mice exhibited higher mortality and more rapid disease progression than wild-type mice after JEV challenge. There were no significant differences in viral load and cytokines expression level in peripheral tissues between Wild type and Mertk−/− mice. Furthermore, the absence of Mertk had little effect on the inflammatory response and immunopathological damage while it can cause an increased viral load in the brain. For the in vitro model of BBB, Mertk was shown to maintain the integrity of the BBB. In vivo, Mertk−/− mice exhibited higher BBB permeability and lower BBB integrity. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Mertk acts as a protective factor in the development of encephalitis induced by JEV infection, which is mainly associated with its beneficial effect on BBB integrity, rather than its regulation of inflammatory response.","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cleavage of Stau2 by 3C protease promotes EV-A71 replication","authors":"Hui Li, Jie Song, Zhi Deng, Yunfang Yao, Wentao Qiao, Juan Tan","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02489-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02489-6","url":null,"abstract":"Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), as a neurotropic virus, mainly affects infants and young children under the age of 5. EV-A71 infection causes hand-foot-mouth disease and herpetic angina, and even life-threatening neurological complications. However, the molecular mechanism by which EV-A71 induces nervous system damage remains elusive. The viral protease 3C plays an important role during EV-A71 infection and is also a key intersection of virus-host interactions. Previously, we used yeast two-hybrid to screen out the host protein Double-stranded RNA-binding protein Staufen homolog 2 (Stau2), an important member involved in neuronal mRNA transport, potentially interacts with 3C. We used coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to confirm that EV-A71 3C interacts with Stau2. By constructing the mutant of Stau2, we found the specific site where the 3C protease cleaves Stau2. Detection of VP1 protein using Western blotting characterized EV-A71 viral replication, and overexpression or knockdown of Stau2 exhibited effects on EV-A71 replication. The effect of different cleavage products on EV-A71 replication was demonstrated by constructing Stau2 truncates. In this study, we found that EV-A71 3C interacts with Stau2. Stau2 is cleaved by 3C at the Q507-G508 site. Overexpression of Stau2 promotes EV-A71 VP1 protein expression, whereas depletion of Stau2 by small interfering RNA inhibits EV-A71 replication. Stau2 is essential for EV-A71 replication, and the product of Stau2 cleavage by 3C, 508–570 aa, has activity that promotes EV-A71 replication. In addition, we found that mouse Stau2 is also cleaved by EV-A71 3C at the same site. Our research provides an example for EV-A71-host interaction, enriching key targets of host factors that contribute to viral replication.","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of the interaction forces between dengue virus and dopamine type-2 receptor using optical tweezers","authors":"Jane C. Arifin, Bo-Ying Tsai, Chun-Yu Chen, Li-Wei Chu, Yi-Ling Lin, Chau-Hwang Lee, Arthur Chiou, Yueh-Hsin Ping","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02487-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02487-8","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue virus (DENV) causes the most significant mosquito-borne viral disease with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestation, including neurological symptoms associated with lethal dengue diseases. Dopamine receptors are expressed in central nervous system, and dopamine antagonists have been reported to exhibit antiviral activity against DENV infection in vivo and in vitro. Although identification of host-cell receptor is critical to understand dengue neuropathogenesis and neurotropism, the involvement of dopamine receptors in DENV infection remains unclear. We exploited the sensitivity and precision of force spectroscopy to address whether dopamine type-2 receptors (D2R) directly interact with DENV particles at the first step of infection. Using optical tweezers, we quantified and characterized DENV binding to D2R expressed on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Our finding suggested that the binding was D2R- and DENV-dependent, and that the binding force was in the range of 50–60 pN. We showed that dopamine antagonists prochlorperazine (PCZ) and trifluoperazine (TFP), previously reported to inhibit dengue infection, interrupt the DENV-D2R specific binding. This study demonstrates that D2R could specifically recognize DENV particles and function as an attachment factor on cell surfaces for DENV. We propose D2R as a host receptor for DENV and as a potential therapeutic target for anti-DENV drugs. ","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: from discovery to treatment: tracing the path of hepatitis E virus","authors":"Arash Letafati, Zahra Taghiabadi, Mahshid Roushanzamir, Bahar Memarpour, Saba Seyedi, Ali Vasheghani Farahani, Masoomeh Norouzi, Saeideh Karamian, Arghavan Zebardast, Marzieh Mehrabinia, Omid Salahi Ardekani, Tina Fallah, Fatemeh Khazry, Samin Fathi Daneshvar, Mehdi Norouzi","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02490-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02490-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Correction: Virology Journal (2024) 21:194 <b>https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02470-3</b></p><p>Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified an error in the affiliation of author Arghavan Zebardast.</p><p>Incorrect affiliation is: Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.</p><p>Correct affiliation is: Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</p><ol data-track-component=\"outbound reference\" data-track-context=\"references section\"><li data-counter=\"1.\"><p>Letafati, et al. Virol J. 2024;21194. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02470-3</p></li></ol><p>Download references<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"><use xlink:href=\"#icon-eds-i-download-medium\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"></use></svg></p><span>Author notes</span><ol><li><p>Arash Letafati and Zahra Taghiabadi contributed equally to this work.</p></li></ol><h3>Authors and Affiliations</h3><ol><li><p>Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</p><p>Arash Letafati, Arghavan Zebardast & Mehdi Norouzi</p></li><li><p>Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran</p><p>Arash Letafati, Zahra Taghiabadi, Mahshid Roushanzamir, Bahar Memarpour, Saba Seyedi, Ali Vasheghani Farahani, Masoomeh Norouzi, Saeideh Karamian, Marzieh Mehrabinia, Omid Salahi Ardekani, Tina Fallah, Fatemeh Khazry, Samin Fathi Daneshvar & Mehdi Norouzi</p></li><li><p>Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy</p><p>Mahshid Roushanzamir</p></li><li><p>Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran</p><p>Bahar Memarpour</p></li></ol><span>Authors</span><ol><li><span>Arash Letafati</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Zahra Taghiabadi</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Mahshid Roushanzamir</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Bahar Memarpour</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Saba Seyedi</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Ali Vasheghani Farahani</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Masoomeh Norouzi</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Saeideh Karamian</span>View author publications<p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with obinutuzumab compared with patients with rituximab: a retrospective cohort study","authors":"Wenxiu Shu, Qianqian Yang, Jing Le, Qianqian Cai, Hui Dai, Liufei Luo, Jiaqi Tong, Yanping Song, Bingrong Chen, Dengbing Chen, Dian Jin","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02484-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02484-x","url":null,"abstract":"Patients treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies could have a higher risk of adverse outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The novel anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody obinutuzumab has shown greater B-cell depletion and superior in vitro efficacy than rituximab. We aimed to assess whether obinutuzumab would result in worse COVID-19 outcomes than rituximab. We retrospectively reviewed 124 patients with B-cell lymphoma, 106 of whom received rituximab treatment and 18 of whom received obinutuzumab treatment. The adverse outcomes of COVID-19 were compared between patients in the two cohorts. The proportions of patients who were hospitalized (55.6% vs. 20.8%, p = 0.005), experienced prolonged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (38.9% vs. 2.9%, p < 0.001), and developed severe COVID-19 (33.3% vs. 4.7%, p < 0.001) were higher in patients with obinutuzumab than in those with rituximab. Multivariate analyses showed that obinuzumab treatment was associated with higher incidences of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 27.05, 95% CI 3.75-195.22, p = 0.001) and severe COVID-19(OR 15.07, 95% CI 2.58–91.72, p = 0.003). Our study suggested that patients treated with obinutuzumab had a higher risk of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 than those treated with rituximab.","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The polymorphism analysis and therapy vaccine target epitopes screening of HPV-35 E6 E7 among the threaten α-9 HPV in Sichuan area","authors":"Jiaoyu He, Tianjun Li, Chunlan Cheng, Ning Li, Peng Gao, Dan Lei, Rong Liang, Xianping Ding","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02357-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02357-3","url":null,"abstract":"High-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) persistent infection is closely associated with the development of cervical cancer and squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL).The α-9 HPVs, which is predominantly composed of HR-HPV types, account for 75% of HR-HPV infection in Sichuan. The oncoproteins E6 and E7 of HPV play a crucial role in tumor initiation and progression. Notably, HPV-35 is the only HR-HPV type within the α-9 genus that is not included in the nine-valent HPV prophylactic vaccine. Cervical cell samples obtained from Sichuan were collected for HPV detection and genotyping. Among the 406 HPV-positive samples, 31 HPV-35 were detected, 24 HPV-35 E6 and 26 E7 were successfully amplified and sequenced, five nucleotide mutations in E6 and three in E7 were detected, T232C, T434G of E6 (W78R, I145R) and C67T, G84T of E7 (H23Y, L28F) were non-synonymy mutation. PAML 4.8 server was used to detect positive selection sites of HPV-35 E6, E7, and E6 is W78R. Phyre2 were used to predict and analyze protein structures, W78R made influences on protein structure. IEDB were used to screen epitopes vaccine target for HPV-35 affection therapy, and 5 HPV-35 E6 and 3 HPV-35 E7 most potential epitopes were obtained, the most potential peptides for therapy vaccine design were 79-91YRYSVYGETLEKQ, 45-60FACYDLCIVREGQPY, 124-135RFHNIGGRWTGR of E6; 3-19GEITTLQDYVLDLEPEA, 38-47TIDGPAGQAK, 70-88VQSTHIDIRKLEDLLMGTF of E7 and W78R mainly decreased the epitopes affinity. Conclusions Amino acid substitution in the positive selection sites of HPV-35 E6 and E7 genes have been found to influence protein structure and to decrease the overall affinity of antigen epitopes. This observation aligns with the evolutionary significance of positive selection site, which may confer advantages to the virus by making infected cells more challenging for the immune system to detect, thereby enhancing HPV’s adaptability to the host environment. The polymorphism analysis of HPV-35 E6, E7 contributes to the enrichment of α-9 HPV data in Sichuan China, which is instrumental in improving the effectiveness of clinical detection. Furthermore, these findings provide a relevant theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of HPV-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two +ssRNA mycoviruses cohabiting the fungal cultivar of leafcutter ants.","authors":"Asta Rødsgaard-Jørgensen, Caio Ambrosio Leal-Dutra, Sabrina Ferreira de Santana, Asger Roland Jensen, Rafael Elias Marques, Eric Roberto Guimarães Rocha Aguiar, Jonathan Zvi Shik","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02465-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02465-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leafcutter ants are dominant herbivores in the Neotropics and rely on a fungus (Leucoagaricus gongylophorus) to transform freshly gathered leaves into a source of nourishment rather than consuming the vegetation directly. Here we report two virus-like particles that were isolated from L. gongylophorus and observed using transmission electron microscopy. RNA sequencing identified two +ssRNA mycovirus strains, Leucoagaricus gongylophorus tymo-like virus 1 (LgTlV1) and Leucoagaricus gongylophorus magoulivirus 1 (LgMV1). Genome annotation of LgTlV1 (7401 nt) showed conserved domains for methyltransferase, endopeptidase, viral RNA helicase, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The smaller genome of LgMV1 (2636 nt) contains one open reading frame encoding an RdRp. While we hypothesize these mycoviruses function as symbionts in leafcutter farming systems, further study will be needed to test whether they are mutualists, commensals, or parasites.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11373429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of three alternative methods to the plaque reduction neutralizing assay for measuring neutralizing antibodies to dengue virus serotype 2.","authors":"Vanessa Shi Li Goh, Christopher Chong Wei Ang, Swee Ling Low, Pei Xuan Lee, Yin Xiang Setoh, Judith Chui Ching Wong","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02459-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02459-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue is a global public health challenge which requires accurate diagnostic methods for surveillance and control. The gold standard for detecting dengue neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) is the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), which is both labor-intensive and time-consuming. This study aims to evaluate three alternative approaches, namely, the MTT-based (or (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) microneutralization assay, the xCELLigence real-time cell analysis (RTCA), and the immuno-plaque assay-focus reduction neutralization test (iPA-FRNT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two residual serum samples were tested for DENV-2 nAbs using all four assays at three neutralization endpoints of 50%, 70% and 90% inhibition in virus growth. For each neutralization endpoint, results were compared using linear regression and correlation analyses. Test performance characteristics were further obtained for iPA-FRNT using 38 additional serum samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Positive correlation of DENV-2 neutralization titers for the MTT-based microneutralization assay and the PRNT assay was only observed at the neutralization endpoint of 50% (r = 0.690). In contrast, at all three neutralization end points, a linear trend and positive correlation of DENV-2 neutralization titers for the xCELLigence RTCA and the PRNT assays were observed, yielding strong or very strong correlation (r = 0.829 to 0.967). This was similarly observed for the iPA-FRNT assay (r = 0.821 to 0.916), which also offered the added advantage of measuring neutralizing titers to non-plaque forming viruses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The xCELLigence RTCA and iPA-FRNT assays could serve as suitable alternatives to PRNT for dengue serological testing. The decision to adopt these methods may depend on the laboratory setting, and the utility of additional applications offered by these technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11373480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fetal Zika virus inoculation in macaques revealed control of the fetal viral load during pregnancy.","authors":"Charles Egloff, Claire-Maëlle Fovet, Jessica Denis, Quentin Pascal, Laetitia Bossevot, Sophie Luccantoni, Marco Leonec, Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Roger Le Grand, Guillaume André Durand, Cyril Badaut, Olivier Picone, Pierre Roques","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02468-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02468-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early pregnancy Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is associated with major brain damage in fetuses, leading to microcephaly in 0.6-5.0% of cases, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To understand the kinetics of ZIKV infection during fetal development in a nonhuman primate model, four cynomolgus macaque fetuses were exposed in utero through echo-guided intramuscular inoculation with 10³ PFU of ZIKV at 70-80 days of gestation, 2 controls were mock inoculated. Clinical, immuno-virological and ultrasound imaging follow-ups of the mother/fetus pairs were performed until autopsy after cesarean section 1 or 2 months after exposure (n = 3 per group).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ZIKV was transmitted from the fetus to the mother and then replicate in the peripheral blood of the mother from week 1 to 4 postexposure. Infected fetal brains tended to be smaller than those of controls, but not the femur lengths. High level of viral RNA ws found after the first month in brain tissues and placenta. Thereafter, there was partial control of the virus in the fetus, resulting in a decreased number of infected tissue sections and a decreased viral load. Immune cellular and humoral responses were effectively induced.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ZIKV infection during the second trimester of gestation induces short-term brain injury, and although viral genomes persist in tissues, most of the virus is cleared before delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11373269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case reports of persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection outline within-host viral evolution in immunocompromised patients.","authors":"Luca Ruotolo, Silvia Silenzi, Beatrice Mola, Margherita Ortalli, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Giada Rossini","doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02483-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-024-02483-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the ongoing global pandemic, and the continuous emergence of novel variants threatens fragile populations, such as immunocompromised patients. This subgroup of patients seems to be seriously affected by intrahost viral changes, as the pathogens, which are keen to cause replication inefficiency, affect the impaired immune system, preventing efficient clearance of the virus. Therefore, these patients may represent an optimal reservoir for the development of new circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants. The following study aimed to investigate genomic changes in SARS-CoV-2-positive immunocompromised patients over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at different time points for each patient (patient A and patient B), extracted and then analyzed through next-generation sequencing (NGS). The resulting sequences were examined to determine mutation frequencies, describing viral evolution over time.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Patient A was a 53-year-old patient with onco-hematological disease with prolonged infection lasting for 51 days from May 28th to July 18th, 2022. Three confirmed SARS-CoV-2-positive samples were collected on May 28th, June 15th and July 4th. Patient B was 75 years old and had onco-hematological disease with prolonged infection lasting for 146 days. Two confirmed positive SARS-CoV-2 samples were collected at the following time points: May 21st and August 18th.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Heat map construction provided evidence of gain and/or loss of mutations over time for both patients, suggesting within-host genomic evolution of the virus. In addition, mutation polymorphisms and changes in the SARS-CoV-2 lineage were observed in Patient B. Sequence analysis revealed high mutational pattern variability, reflecting the high complexity of viral replication dynamics in fragile patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11373299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}