Virology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease associated with HSV-1 and CMV coinfection.","authors":"Sepideh Khodamoradi, Forouzan Khodaei, Taher Mohammadian, Atousa Ferdousi, Fatemeh Rafiee","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02786-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02786-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis have been reported to influence cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), particularly those infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or cytomegalovirus (CMV). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of viral infection on oxidative stress markers associated with these pathways in AD patients. A total of 100 adults with mild-to-moderate AD were randomly assigned to a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial and categorized into three groups: AD (uninfected), AD with HSV-1, and AD with CMV. The primary outcomes included changes in serum inflammatory markers (IL-1β and TNF-α), blood antioxidant and oxidative stress markers-glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), as well as the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (BAX and BCL-2). Results showed that, compared to the control group, the AD group exhibited significant alterations in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. CMV infection led to increased antioxidant enzyme activity and decreased serum inflammatory markers relative to the uninfected AD group. However, there were significant differences in ratio BAX/BCL-2 protein expression between the CMV and HSV-1 groups when compared to the AD group. In conclusion, AD patients infected with HSV-1 or CMV demonstrated distinct alterations in inflammatory, oxidative stress, antioxidant profiles, and apoptosis markers, which may have beneficial implications for circulatory biomarkers and potentially cognitive outcomes in AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An inactivated influenza D virus vaccine protects guinea pigs from infections and contact transmission caused by homologous challenge.","authors":"Zhipeng Dong, Pengyang Lu, Yue Feng, Hongbo Gao, Wentao Wan, Tiecheng Wang, Xianzhu Xia, Weiyang Sun, Yuwei Gao","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02801-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02801-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Influenza D virus (IDV) was first isolated from pigs in 2011 which caused the bovine respiratory disease and economic losses. This study aimed to develop an inactivated vaccine to protect against IDV using guinea pigs as an animal model. Vaccinated guinea pigs exhibited seroconversion with hemagglutination inhibition titers ranging from 1: 320 to 1: 640 and neutralizing antibody levels reaching 1: 2560 after booster immunity. In the vaccinated guinea pigs, viral titers were detected in the nasal lavage fluids from days one to seven, showing a significant difference from the control group. Peak viral shedding of approximately 10⁶ TCID₅₀/mL was measured in the nasal turbinate and nasal washes from days one to five. In contact transmission experiments, non-vaccinated guinea pigs that lived with the infection group were more likely to become infected than those in the vaccinated group. These results demonstrate that the inactivated IDV vaccine protected guinea pigs from contact transmission caused by homologous challenge. Our study provides a new choice for developing IDV vaccines to protect animals from IDV infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"168"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the effectiveness of a supported intervention package in reducing the risk of avian influenza human exposure through the reduction of infections in poultry: Egypt, 2006-2021.","authors":"Manal Fahim, Walaa Alim, Shimaa Abukamar, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Wael H Roshdy, Hossam Hassan, Amira Mohsen, Salma Afifi, Mohamed Abdel Fattah, Radi Hammad, Amr Kandeel","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02810-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02810-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>For a decade, avian influenza (AI) viruses were major concern for Egypt since they are endemic in poultry and have caused 359 human infections, accounting for 40% of cases globally. Interventions implemented before 2015 proved to have minor impact on the spread of infection. Since 2015, a Supported Intervention Package (SIP) was implemented to reduce the risk of human exposure by reducing infections in poultry. The intervention package included enhanced surveillance and laboratory capacity, early outbreak detection, and raised community awareness. This study aims to evaluate SIP's effectiveness by comparing number and rates of AI in humans and poultry before and after intervention package implementation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AI surveillance data for poultry and humans from 2006 to 2021 was obtained and linked. Human AI data include patients' demographics, clinical picture, risk factors, lab results and outcome, while poultry data include number prevent of positive specimens for AI by time and place. Confirmation performed by testing oropharyngeal swabs collected from suspected patients and poultry using RT-PCR in the affiliated laboratory. Positive rates were calculated, descriptive data analysis was performed and rate of infection was plotted against demographics and risk factors. Results compared before and after implementation of using Chi² and t-test with p < 0.05 significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among all confirmed cases, 346(96.4%) reported before and 13(3.6%) after SIP implementation with no cases reported after 2017. A significant reduction in positivity rate of both human and poultry cases (2.0 vs. 0.2% and 2.4 vs. 1.2%, p < 0.001) found after 2015. Percent of housewives decreased from 30.9 to 7.7%, p < 0.05 and positive specimens' rates from backyards decreased from 61.1 to 47.9%, p < 0.001. Median days to laboratory confirmation reduced from 3.6 to 2.8 days. The genetic analysis indicated a major genetic drift occurred before 2015, possibly due to inadequate control measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Study indicated reduced infections in humans and poultry suggesting effectiveness of SIP, which also raised community awareness as shown by reducing infections among housewives and enhancing surveillance as shown by case earlier detection. Continued coordinated efforts between human and poultry sectors are needed to contribute to the elimination of the disease in Egypt.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence, and molecular detection of Peste des Petits Ruminants in selected districts of Tigray Region, Ethiopia.","authors":"Mebrahtu Weldegebriel, Tadele Gebreslassie, Biruk Mekonnen, Dereje Shegu, Endale Balcha, Fasil Aklilu, Bayeta Senbeta","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02776-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02776-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peste des Petits Ruminants is a contagious trans-boundary viral disease affecting domestic and wild small ruminants, causing high mortality and morbidity. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2024 in the Enderta and Kilteawulaelo districts of the Tigray region, Ethiopia. The study aimed to assess the seroprevalence, associated risk factors, and investigate the recent circulation of the Peste des Petits Ruminants virus strains in small ruminants. A total of 384 serum samples were collected from 133 sheep and 251 goats in the study districts using multistage sampling methods. In addition, 43 swab samples were obtained from animals suspected of having Peste des Petits Ruminants to detect the viral antigen. Peste des Petits Ruminants specific antibodies and viral nucleic acid were identified using the virus neutralization test and real-time PCR, respectively. The relationship between Peste des Petits Ruminants seroprevalence and the possible risk factors was examined using Pearson's chi-square and logistic regression analysis using STATA version 14. Of the 384 serum samples tested, 41.9% (n = 161) were positive for Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus antibodies. The seroprevalence in the districts of Enderta and Kilteawulaelo was 47.6% (n = 98) and 35% (n = 63), respectively, while at the species level, it was 36.8% (n = 49) in sheep and 44.6% (n = 112) in goats. The logistic regression model revealed that districts and flock size were significant risk factors of Peste des Petits Ruminants seropositivity in sheep and goats with P = 0.016 and P = 0.025 respectively. Out of 43 swab samples about 23.26% (n = 10) of the clinical samples were positive for viral nucleic acid via real-time Peste des Petits Ruminants. The serological and molecular results both confirm the presence of the Peste des Petits Ruminants virus circulating among sheep and goat populations in the study areas. Key risk factors include flock size and districts. Ongoing infections, indicated by viral nucleic acid detection, highlight the potential for wider spread. The study recommends routine vaccination, movement restrictions, continuous surveillance, farmer education, and further genetic research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated in-silico design and in vivo validation of multi-epitope vaccines for norovirus.","authors":"Jingxuan Qiu, Yiwen Wei, Jiayi Shu, Wenjing Zheng, Yuxi Zhang, Junting Xie, Dong Zhang, Xiaochuan Luo, Xiulan Sun, Xin Wang, Sijie Wang, Xuanyi Wang, Tianyi Qiu","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02796-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02796-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Norovirus (NoVs) is a foodborne pathogen that causes acute gastroenteritis. The diversity of its principal antigenic protein poses a significant challenge to vaccine development and the prevention of large-scale outbreaks globally. Currently, no licensed vaccines against norovirus have been approved.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a novel pipeline that integrates multiple bioinformatics tools to design broad-spectrum vaccines against NoVs. Specifically, broad-spectrum T-cell epitope vaccines were designed based on consensus sequences and optimized epitope screening, while broad-spectrum B-cell spatial epitope vaccines were constructed using high-throughput antigenicity calculations and epitope mapping.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This pipeline underwent rigorous validation at three levels: firstly, In silico validation: Analysis of properties and structures demonstrated the appropriateness of amino acid composition and the structural integrity of the vaccine sequences. Secondly, theoretical assessment: Evaluation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) subtype and antigenicity coverage indicated a broad theoretical protective spectrum for the designed vaccine immunogens. Furthermore, in silico simulation confirmed their ability to elicit an immune response. Finally, animal-level validation: Experiments in mice showed that both vaccine immunogens stimulated high levels of IgG and IgA. Notably, Vac-B induced a strong IgG response against GII.2 and a robust IgA response against GII.17, comparable to the immune response elicited by the wild-type NoV non-replicating virus-like particle (VLP) protein group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both in silico and in vivo experimental findings suggest that the proposed pipeline and vaccine immunogens could serve as valuable theoretical guidance for the development of multi-epitope vaccines against NoVs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients with chronic hepatitis B exhibiting significant inflammation and fibrosis should pay particular attention to the status of hepatic steatosis during antiviral therapy.","authors":"Bingqing Yang, Tianyuan Yang, Chenxue Hou, Yue Li, Qi Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02703-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02703-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to explore the effects of various hepatic steatosis conditions on histological outcomes in patients with significant inflammation and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and analyze their impact on HBV virological suppression outcomes and biochemical improvement.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This retrospective study included 219 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy. Each of these patients underwent two liver biopsies. Patients were categorized into four groups based on hepatic steatosis status: sustained non-hepatic steatosis (n = 118), new-onset hepatic steatosis (n = 33), sustained hepatic steatosis (n = 37), and disappeared hepatic steatosis (n = 31). We compared the liver biochemical parameters and histological changes before and after treatment. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate characteristics associated with the improvement of significant liver inflammation (G ≥ 2), significant fibrosis (S ≥ 2), and the persistence of hepatic steatosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After treatment, the sustained non-steatosis group exhibited the highest rate of improvement in baseline significant inflammation (75.31%), while the sustained steatosis group had the lowest (42.31%, p = 0.008). The sustained steatosis group also had the highest rate of inflammation progression (15.38%, p = 0.020) and was identified as a risk factor for inadequate baseline inflammation improvement (p = 0.006, OR = 0.244, 95% CI 0.090-0.665). In terms of baseline significant liver fibrosis improvement, the sustained non-hepatic steatosis group showed the highest improvement rate (67.14%), while the sustained hepatic steatosis group had the lowest (28.00%, p = 0.006). The new-onset steatosis group had the highest rate of liver fibrosis progression (15.00%, p = 0.027), and sustained hepatic steatosis was a risk factor for poor baseline fibrosis improvement (p = 0.001, OR = 0.180, 95% CI 0.064-0.507). Furthermore, the sustained hepatic steatosis group showed the smallest decrease in liver enzyme markers ALT, GGT, and ALP post-treatment, with reductions of 22.11% (p = 0.023), 13.86% (p = 0.003), and 1.98% (p = 0.025), respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that high baseline BMI and LDL-C levels were significantly associated with persistent fatty liver, with high BMI (p = 0.042, OR = 1.109, 95% CI 1.004-1.226) and high LDL-C (p < 0.001, OR = 2.570, 95% CI 1.524-4.332).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In CHB patients with significant inflammation and fibrosis, the persistence of hepatic steatosis during antiviral treatment may impede the improvement of inflammation and fibrosis, leading to disease progression and biochemical abnormalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"164"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin nanoemulsion suppresses HPV oncogenes and inhibits cervical cancer progression: in vitro and in vivo study.","authors":"Mehrnaz Karimi, Masoud Parsania, Negar Motakef Kazemi, Mahnaz Qomi, Mahsa Hadipour Jahromy","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02738-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02738-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical cancer represents a major global health problem, ranking as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women across the globe. The primary risk factor associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer is the human papillomavirus (HPV). Curcumin (Cur), extracted from the root of the Curcuma longa plant, is an anticancer, chemoprotective, and gene/protein regulating agent, which refers to its ability to exert beneficial effects in various aspects of cancer prevention and treatment.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the tumor inhibitory effect (anti-tumoral effect) of a novel curcumin nanoemulsion (Cur-NE) on HPV⁺ TC-1 cells in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Cur-NE and Cur on TC-1 cancer cells and MC3T3 normal cells. In vitro assessment was performed using flow cytometry (Annexin/PI) to examine apoptosis and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis to determine the gene expression levels of E6 and E7 human papillomavirus oncogenes, as well as their associated protein factors, p53 and Rb. In addition, C57BL/6 female mice burdening HPV + TC-1 tumor as cervical cancer models were used to investigate the tumor inhibitory effect of the Cur-NE in vivo compared to free curcumin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vitro anti-tumoral studies showed that apoptosis and inhibiting cellular proliferation in TC-1 cells were induced effectively by curcumin nanoemulsion. Accordingly, curcumin nanoemulsion reduced mRNA expression levels of E6 and E7 HPV oncogenes and increased p53 and Rb levels in a concentration lower than free curcumin (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the suppression and inhibition of subcutaneous TC-1 tumor growth were more pronounced with the curcumin nanoemulsion compared to free curcumin (P < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These preeminent preclinical results indicate the potential of this curcumin nanoformulation as an efficient treatment approach for cervical cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of RSV infection on mortality, rehospitalization, and long-term pulmonary, cardiovascular, and functional outcomes in hospitalized adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Josef Yayan","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02785-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02785-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is increasingly recognized as a significant pathogen in adults, particularly those with underlying comorbidities. However, the burden of RSV on post-hospital outcomes remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess the impact of RSV infection on mortality, rehospitalization, and long-term pulmonary, cardiovascular, and functional outcomes in hospitalized adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search of major databases until February 2025 identified cohort and observational studies reporting on clinical outcomes in adults with laboratory-confirmed RSV infection. A total of seven eligible studies encompassing 180,125 patients were included. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the ROBINS-I tool. Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to assess publication bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RSV infection was associated with significantly increased 30-day mortality (OR 0.22, 95% CI: 0.12-0.41; P < 0.01, I² = 96%) and 90-day mortality (OR 0.30, 95% CI: 0.19-0.46; P < 0.01, I² = 97%). Although the odds ratios are below 1, this indicates higher mortality in RSV-positive patients, as the reference groups had lower risk. Statistically significant associations were also found for cardiovascular complications (OR 0.46, 95% CI: 0.33-0.64) and functional impairments (OR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.42-0.78). No significant association was identified for 90-day rehospitalization (OR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.39-1.14) or pulmonary impairments (OR 1.09, 95% CI: 0.79-1.50). Heterogeneity was high across most outcomes. Publication bias was only evident for the 30-day mortality outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RSV infection in hospitalized adults is associated with elevated short- and medium-term mortality, as well as increased risk of cardiovascular and functional complications post-discharge. These findings highlight the need for RSV-specific prevention strategies, including vaccination and post-acute care planning, particularly for vulnerable adult populations.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"160"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of DENV in Aedes albopictus during the 2024 sporadic dengue outbreak in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China.","authors":"Liqun Wu, Yijie Zhang, Zhi Chen, Banghua Chen, Manqing Liu, Weifeng Tang, Feng Pan, Wenhua Kong, Yixuan Wu, Xiaomin Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02763-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02763-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From September to October 2024 in Wuhan, three indigenous dengue cases were reported in Wuhan for the first time since the 1940s. Here, we report the results of the epidemiological investigation of the sporadic dengue outbreak and the detection of dengue virus (DENV) in Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) collected from locations surrounding the living and working places of patients. A total of 190 female and 56 male Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were collected using a combination of BG-Mosquitaire trap and human-baited double net (HDN) trap during the outbreak response. DENV RNA was detected via RT-PCR in patient serum and mosquito samples. Among the Aedes mosquitoes tested, DENV-1 RNA was detected in two samples, with an average MIR of 10.5, but only one of which achieved the DENV sequence. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus strain detected in the mosquito sample, sharing 100% homology with that in the patient serum sample, belonged to genotype 1IK.2 and was closely related to strains circulating in Guangzhou in 2023. This is the first report of the detection of DENV in Ae. albopictus during a sporadic autochthonous dengue sporadic outbreak in Wuhan.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"163"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune evasion, infectivity, and membrane fusion of the SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 variant.","authors":"Haijun Tang, Yanhang Zhuo, Jianlin Chen, Rongzhao Zhang, Miao Zheng, Xinghua Huang, Yisheng Chen, Minjian Huang, Zhaonan Zeng, Xueping Huang, Chenfeng Han, Yi Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02737-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02737-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SARS-CoV-2 undergoes continuous mutations during transmission, resulting in a variety of Omicron subvariants. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 and its descendants JN.1, KP.2, KP.1.1 have been identified as the primary variants spreading globally. These emerging Omicron variants have increased transmissibility, potentially elevating the risk of viral reinfection in the population. However, the biological characteristics of newly-emerged Omicron subvariants in infecting host cells remain unclear. In this study, we assessed the neutralization effect of BA.2.86 and its descendant JN.1, as well as D614G, BA.2, BA.4/5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, HV.1, HK.3, JD.1.1 and JG.3 on convalescent sera obtained from individuals infected with BA.5 or XBB.1.5 strain. We evaluated the biological characteristics of variants spike proteins by measuring viral infectivity, affinity for receptors, and membrane fusion. Compared to XBB-related subvariants, BA.2.86 exhibited a diminished immune escape response, but JN.1 displayed a markedly augmented immune escape capability, which was closely related to its rapid transmission. BA.2.86 was less infectious in susceptible cells, while the JN.1 variant exhibited relatively high infectivity. Notably, BA.2.86 and JN.1 exhibited low fusion activity in 293 T-ACE2 cells, but relatively high fusogenicity in transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) overexpression cells. This study explored the evolutionary characteristics of emerging Omicron subvariants in host adaptation, and provided new strategies for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"162"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}