Virology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Detection of DENV in Aedes albopictus during the 2024 sporadic dengue outbreak in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China.","authors":"Liqun Wu, Yijie Zhang, Zhi Chen, Banghua Chen, Manqing Liu, Weifeng Tang, Feng Pan, Wenhua Kong, Yixuan Wu, Xiaomin Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02763-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02763-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From September to October 2024 in Wuhan, three indigenous dengue cases were reported in Wuhan for the first time since the 1940s. Here, we report the results of the epidemiological investigation of the sporadic dengue outbreak and the detection of dengue virus (DENV) in Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) collected from locations surrounding the living and working places of patients. A total of 190 female and 56 male Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were collected using a combination of BG-Mosquitaire trap and human-baited double net (HDN) trap during the outbreak response. DENV RNA was detected via RT-PCR in patient serum and mosquito samples. Among the Aedes mosquitoes tested, DENV-1 RNA was detected in two samples, with an average MIR of 10.5, but only one of which achieved the DENV sequence. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus strain detected in the mosquito sample, sharing 100% homology with that in the patient serum sample, belonged to genotype 1IK.2 and was closely related to strains circulating in Guangzhou in 2023. This is the first report of the detection of DENV in Ae. albopictus during a sporadic autochthonous dengue sporadic outbreak in Wuhan.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"163"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune evasion, infectivity, and membrane fusion of the SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 variant.","authors":"Haijun Tang, Yanhang Zhuo, Jianlin Chen, Rongzhao Zhang, Miao Zheng, Xinghua Huang, Yisheng Chen, Minjian Huang, Zhaonan Zeng, Xueping Huang, Chenfeng Han, Yi Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02737-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02737-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SARS-CoV-2 undergoes continuous mutations during transmission, resulting in a variety of Omicron subvariants. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 and its descendants JN.1, KP.2, KP.1.1 have been identified as the primary variants spreading globally. These emerging Omicron variants have increased transmissibility, potentially elevating the risk of viral reinfection in the population. However, the biological characteristics of newly-emerged Omicron subvariants in infecting host cells remain unclear. In this study, we assessed the neutralization effect of BA.2.86 and its descendant JN.1, as well as D614G, BA.2, BA.4/5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, HV.1, HK.3, JD.1.1 and JG.3 on convalescent sera obtained from individuals infected with BA.5 or XBB.1.5 strain. We evaluated the biological characteristics of variants spike proteins by measuring viral infectivity, affinity for receptors, and membrane fusion. Compared to XBB-related subvariants, BA.2.86 exhibited a diminished immune escape response, but JN.1 displayed a markedly augmented immune escape capability, which was closely related to its rapid transmission. BA.2.86 was less infectious in susceptible cells, while the JN.1 variant exhibited relatively high infectivity. Notably, BA.2.86 and JN.1 exhibited low fusion activity in 293 T-ACE2 cells, but relatively high fusogenicity in transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) overexpression cells. This study explored the evolutionary characteristics of emerging Omicron subvariants in host adaptation, and provided new strategies for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"162"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of broad-spectrum protection by novel mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants (Delta, Omicron-BA.5, XBB-EG.5) in the golden hamster model.","authors":"Tong Yu, JunHong Xing, XinYu Zhuang, MingYao Tian","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02787-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02787-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The SARS-CoV-2 virus has continuously evolved, with new variants like Delta, Omicron-BA.5, and XBB-EG.5 posing challenges to vaccine efficacy. mRNA vaccines have emerged as a promising tool due to their rapid development and adaptability. This study evaluates the protective efficacy of six novel mRNA vaccine candidates against these variants using a golden hamster model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six mRNA vaccines were designed, targeting the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins of SARS-CoV-2. The vaccines were tested on golden hamsters, which were immunized and then challenged with Delta, Omicron-BA.5, and XBB-EG.5 variants. Key outcomes measured included body weight, viral RNA loads in various tissues, cytokine levels, and lung tissue pathology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hamsters vaccinated with the novel mRNA vaccines showed reduced weight loss, lower viral RNA loads in throat swabs and lung tissues, and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to control groups. Additionally, vaccinated animals exhibited significantly less lung damage as evidenced by both histological and immunofluorescence analyses, especially in groups vaccinated with RBD-Fe, RE-N, and COVID-19 epitope formulations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These mRNA vaccines demonstrated broad protective efficacy against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. They elicited immune responses, reduced viral RNA loads, and mitigated inflammatory and pathological damage, highlighting their potential in combating rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensory neuropathy and associated factors among patients living with human immuno-deficiency virus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Worku Chekol Tassew, Ashebir Mamay Gebiru, Mihret Getnet, Berihun Agegn Mengistie, Desalegn Anmut Bitew, Amare Belete Getahun, Desale Bihonegn Asmamaw, Mikias Mered Tilahun, Mihret Melese, Nebebe Demis Baykemagn, Yimer Mamaye, Yosef Belay Bizuneh, Habtu Kifle Negash","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02789-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02789-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite high prevalence of sensory neuropathy among individuals living with HIV, there is no comprehensive information regarding variables that determine sensory neuropathy onset among the patients who attended health care facilities. In conditions where there is a high number of patients with sensory neuropathy, clinicians confront challenges in managing the problem, and increase the burden of health care expenditures. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy and associated factors among people living with HIV in Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To ensure the transparency, accuracy, and thoroughness of this systematic review and meta-analysis, we adhered to the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Systematic electronic searches were conducted across several databases, including African Journal Online, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and the Wiley Online Library. Articles found during the searching were imported into EndNote software version X7, where duplicates were removed. The extracted data were then imported to Microsoft Excel and analyzed using STATA version 11 for analysis. The Q statistic and I² test were employed to evaluate heterogeneity between studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The initial search identified 1,821 articles, which were organized using citation management software. The current meta-analysis found that 36.46% (95% CI: 26.48-46.44, I² = 87.1%) patients living with HIV/AIDS experience peripheral sensory neuropathy. Factors associated with peripheral neuropathy included being older than 40 years (OR = 2.40; 95% CI: 01.24, 4.64), having viral load greater than 1,000 copies (OR = 2.46; 95% CI: 1.03, 5.88) and having a CD4 count below 200 cells (OR = 4.30; 95% CI: 1.24, 14.98).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that peripheral sensory neuropathy is highly prevalent among HIV-infected individuals in Africa. Advanced age, elevated viral load, and low CD4 count were identified as independent predictors of HIV-related peripheral neuropathy. It is recommended that simple, established neurological screening methods be regularly used to identify early signs of HIV-SN or individuals at risk, across all patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"161"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herpesviruses: overview of systematics, genomic complexity and life cycle.","authors":"Aurélie Dotto-Maurel, Isabelle Arzul, Benjamin Morga, Germain Chevignon","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02779-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02779-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herpesviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses with distinct morphological features and are among the largest and most complex viruses. According to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), in 2022, there were 133 herpesviruses classified into three families: Orthoherpesviridae, infecting mammals and birds; Malacoherpesviridae infecting marine molluscs; and Alloherpesviridae infecting fish and amphibians. Herpesviruses have a complex genomic architecture, characterised by unique regions flanked by repeated and inverted sequences. Unique regions can undergo rearrangements leading to the formation of genomic isomers, which could have important implications for the life cycle of the virus. Herpesviruses life cycle consists of two main phases: the lytic phase, during which viral genes are expressed and translated into viral proteins that regulate DNA replication, capsid formation and the production of new particles; and the persistence phase, in which the virus persists in the host without being eliminated by the immune system. This review offers an updated and comprehensive overview of the Herpesvirales order, detailing their morphological characteristics, providing an in-depth taxonomic classification, examining their genomic architecture and isomers, and describing their life cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"155"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic analysis of DENV-2-infected human dermal fibroblasts identified potential mechanisms that suppressed ZIKV replication during sequential coinfection.","authors":"Chernkhwan Kaofai, Tuksin Jearanaiwitayakul, Khwankhao Saisingha, Jitra Limthongkul, Promsin Masrinoul, Sukathida Ubol","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02769-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02769-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are closely related flaviviruses which are transmitted by the same species of mosquitoes. Due to overlapping geographic distributions and transmission vectors, cases of DENV-ZIKV coinfection have been reported. However, the impact of coinfection on disease outcomes remains unclear. In this study, an in vitro model of DENV-ZIKV coinfection was developed using the primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The interaction between DENV-2 and ZIKV during sequential coinfection revealed that prior DENV-2 infection significantly suppressed ZIKV RNA accumulation in the culture supernatant. Transcriptomic profile in response to DENV-2 infection suggested three hypothetical pathways that potentially interfere with ZIKV replication. The first mechanism is prior DENV infection drove HDFs into an antiviral state through upregulation of genes involving innate immune response pathways, including PRR signaling, type I and type II IFN signaling, ISG activity, and cytokine/chemokine activity. This state significantly enhanced resistance to subsequent ZIKV infection in both infected cells and uninfected neighboring cells. The second potential pathway is inhibition of viral entry. This was supported by DENV-2-infected HDFs significantly suppressed expression of ZIKV receptor and reduced expression of genes involving in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. This can interfere with entry of ZIKV into host cells. The last possible mechanism is driving cells into cell cycle arrest, as DENV-2 infection downregulated genes related to cell cycle progression, which may hinder ZIKV replication. These findings partly unfold the interplay between DENV and ZIKV at the entry site which may explain the disease outcome of DENV-ZIKV coinfection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"154"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPV-driven cancers: a looming threat and the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 for targeted therapy.","authors":"Atefeh Zamani Kermanshahi, Fatemeh Ebrahimi, Ahmad Taherpoor, Narges Eslami, Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02783-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02783-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical and other anogenital malignancies are largely caused by E6 and E7 oncogenes of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which inhibit important tumor suppressors like p53 and pRb when they are persistently activated. The main goal of traditional treatments is to physically or chemically kill cancer cells, but they frequently only offer temporary relief, have serious side effects, and have a high risk of recurrence. Exploring the efficacy and accuracy of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in both inducing death in HPV-infected cancer cells and restoring the activity of tumor suppressors is our main goal. In this study, we propose a novel precision oncology strategy that targets and inhibits the detrimental effects of the E6 and E7 oncogenes using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system. In order to do this, we create unique guide RNAs that target the integrated HPV DNA and reactivate p53 and pRb. Reactivation is meant to halt aberrant cell development and restart the cell's natural dying pathways. This review discusses the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in targeting HPV oncogenes, with a focus on studies that have demonstrated its promise in cancer treatment. Given the absence of a definitive treatment for papillomavirus infection and its subsequent association with various cancers, future clinical trials and experimental investigations appear essential to establish and evaluate the therapeutic potential of CRISPR-based approaches. This approach provides a less invasive alternative to conventional treatments and opens the door to personalized care that considers the genetic makeup of each patient's tumor.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes in women with cervical squamous cell carcinoma from Linyi, China, 2015-2023.","authors":"Yiming Wang, Haiyan Hou, Guanzheng Dong, Hanlin Zhang, Xiaohong Zhang, Yuxia Zhou, Mei Xue, Zhihui Wang, Jianxiang Geng, Lisai Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02790-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02790-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the regional HPV genotype profile is critical for informing targeted vaccination strategies and optimizing cervical cancer screening programs to enhance their effectiveness. This study investigated the prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes among women with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) in Linyi city, China, from 2015 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from 606 women histologically diagnosed with CSCC at Linyi Cancer Hospital between January 2015 and December 2023. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue samples. HPV genotyping was performed via gene chip-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. Temporal trends and age-specific variations in HPV genotype distribution were analyzed to provide a comprehensive epidemiological assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 94.7% among 606 women with CSCC. HPV 16 was the most prevalent genotype (80.5%), followed by HPV 18 (5.2%), HPV 33 (2.8%), HPV 31 (1.8%), and HPV 58 (1.8%). Single infections were predominant (95.5%), while coinfections were observed in 4.5% of the cases. Age-specific analysis revealed that non-HPV 16 infections were more prevalent in women aged > 45 years, with greater genotype diversity in older age groups. Temporal trends indicated a decline in the prevalence of younger CSCC patients (26-45 years), whereas the prevalence of older women significantly increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study revealed that HPV genotype diversity in CSCC patients varies with age, highlighting the need for age-stratified and personalized cervical cancer prevention strategies. Enhanced screening efforts for older women are essential because of the greater genotypes diversity in this group. Additionally, the observed trends in HPV prevalence over time suggest that HPV vaccination has effectively reduced the incidence of CSCC in women under 45 years of age. These findings emphasize the importance of expanding vaccination coverage and optimizing screening programs to further reduce the cervical cancer burden across different age groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"157"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12100862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis surface B antigen clearance induced by long-term tenofovir disoproxil fumarate monotherapy in chronic hepatitis B treatment: a meta-analysis and longitudinal modeling analysis.","authors":"Weizhe Jian, Yalin Yin, Junsheng Xue, Rong Chen, Jingwen Feng, Jiayao Zeng, Ruoyi He, Tianyan Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02788-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02788-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a significant global health challenge, with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) widely used as an effective treatment option. Despite TDF's efficacy in suppressing hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, it rarely achieves functional cure, requiring hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance or seroconversion, which are an optimal goal of CHB treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of TDF monotherapy on HBsAg clearance rates through a systematic review and meta-analysis, combined with a longitudinal modeling analysis to investigate HBsAg dynamics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eligible studies published between January 1st, 2008, and September 28th, 2023, in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The longitudinal model was developed based on data from 123 subjects in a Phase III trial cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-three studies were selected for meta-analysis. The summarized HBsAg clearance rate was near zero and unlikely to increase with extended treatment. The longitudinal model of HBsAg dynamic in CHB patients receiving TDF monotherapy showed a good fitting performance and extrapolation predictive ability. Model-based simulation confirmed that HBsAg clearance remained unlikely with prolonged therapy, with median HBsAg levels reducing by 21% after 168 weeks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The consistency between meta-analysis and model simulation outcomes indicated that TDF monotherapy can achieve a limited reduction in HBsAg levels but did not result in functional cure, which reinforced the limited role of TDF monotherapy in comprehensive CHB management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"158"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12100987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the secrets of Feline calicivirus: advances in structural and nonstructural proteins and its role as a key model for other Caliciviruses.","authors":"Sana Asif, Deng Yingkun, Chunchun Meng","doi":"10.1186/s12985-025-02750-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12985-025-02750-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious pathogen responsible for respiratory infections, lingual ulceration, oral ulcers and systemic diseases in cats, posing a significant risk to feline family worldwide. Virus enters via nasal oral and conjunctival routes. Oropharynx is primary site of replication, induces epithelial necrosis. After recovery from acute disease most cats clear virus within 30 days. Some lifelong carriers via colonization of tonsillar and other tissues. Understanding the structural and nonstructural proteins of FCV is essential to know viral replication process, its pathogenesis and interaction with host immune system. This manuscript outlines the recent progress made on the characterization of FCV proteins with respect to their involvement in viral assembly, entry, immune evasion, and replication. Although structural proteins such as capsid have received most attention regarding viral attachment and host specificity, but nonstructural proteins are emerging as key players in influencing host cell activities and viral RNA synthesis. This review highlights the requirement for advanced structural research methods, large-scale antiviral screening, and thorough investigations into FCV-host interactions. These studies will not only enable us fully understand FCV, but also promote the progress of more universally applicable virological research and drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23616,"journal":{"name":"Virology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"152"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}