Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports最新文献

{"title":"Impact of risk factors on the prevalence of bovine tropical theileriosis in Eastern Algeria","authors":"Raniya Nabi ,&nbsp;Nabil Benazi ,&nbsp;Ghania Tail ,&nbsp;Hocine Ziam ,&nbsp;Laurence Momeux ,&nbsp;Assia Beneldjouzi ,&nbsp;Gordon Langsley ,&nbsp;Naouel Eddaikra","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropical theileriosis is a major protozoan infection affecting the health and productivity of livestock worldwide. However, according to most previous studies, a discrepancy in the distribution of prevalence has been observed across different bioclimatic zones in eastern Algeria. This prompted us to conduct an inferential study aimed at identifying the risk factors that impact the dynamics of prevalence. A total of 166 blood samples from cattle showing clinical signs of tropical theileriosis were analyzed by PCR, and a logistic regression model was performed to identify the risk factors associated with prevalence dynamics.</div><div>PCR analysis revealed that among the clinically suspect cattle, 49.70 % (83/166) tested positive for <em>T. annulata</em>, representing the apparent prevalence of infection in this symptomatic population. A General Liner Model (GLM) model identified the following risk factors: a higher prevalence in older cattle (odds ratio [OR] = 0.62, 95 % confidence interval [CI]:0.1–2.1), particularly among females (OR = 0.7, 95 % CI:0.39–2.80). Cattle heavily infested with ticks were at particular risk (OR = 1.7, 95 % CI: 0.3–3.0). This study also revealed an increase in the dynamic of prevalence distribution across the bioclimatic zones, with the highest rates observed in the arid zone, followed by semi-arid and sub-humid zones (51.8 %, 39.8 %; 8.4 % respectively). The observed results contradict previous findings and are attributed to the unique characteristics of the vector endemic to the arid zone, which were investigated for the first time in eastern Algeria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine peritoneal and pleural larval mesocestoidosis with sarcoma development","authors":"Alyssa R. LeComte ,&nbsp;Katia R. Groch ,&nbsp;Kellyn E. McNulty ,&nbsp;Gabriela L. Rivas ,&nbsp;Hassan Hakimi ,&nbsp;Guilherme G. Verocai ,&nbsp;Jessica Repep ,&nbsp;Angela Arenas-Gamboa","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 5-year-old, spayed female Anatolian Shepherd dog adopted from Turkey presented for an ultrasound. A splenic mass, abdominal cysts, and peritoneal effusion were incidentally found. A presumptive diagnosis of peritoneal cestodosis was made. Despite antiparasitic treatment, the patient developed lethargy, hyporexia, tachypnea, dyspnea, and progressive peritoneal effusion. Due to the declining condition and poor prognosis, humane euthanasia was elected, and a necropsy was performed. The main gross findings were severe peritoneal and pleural effusion with a large amount of tan, turbid fluid, fibrin and free-floating tetrathyridia. Multiple, variably sized, cystic nodules containing tetrathyridia were found throughout the serosal surfaces, spleen, liver and lungs. Two large, firm, multilobular masses were in the spleen and liver. Histologically, the nodules consisted of parasitic granulomas with intralesional tetrathyridia, which presented calcareous corpuscles and lacked a digestive tract. The hepatic and splenic masses were characterized by interweaving streams of neoplastic spindle cells, consistent with a soft tissue sarcoma. The neoplastic cells presented strong positive immunolabeling for vimentin and smooth muscle actin indicating a mesenchymal origin with myofibroblastic phenotype. Tetrathyridia were multifocally within the neoplastic sections, suggesting a possible neoplastic transformation related to the parasitic chronic inflammatory response. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the parasites identified the specimens as <em>Mesocestoides</em> sp. confirming the diagnosis of canine peritoneal and pleural larval mesocestoidosis. A chronic inflammatory response to <em>Mesocestoides</em> tetrathyridia could have played a role in oncogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of <em>Mesocestoides</em> spp. parasitism associated with a soft tissue sarcoma in a dog.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of Ehrlichia sp., Babesia spp., and Anaplasma marginale in cattle from Mozambique","authors":"Caroline Tostes Secato ,&nbsp;Carlos António Matos ,&nbsp;Ana Cláudia Calchi ,&nbsp;Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Renan Bressianini do Amaral ,&nbsp;Anna Claudia Baumel Mongruel ,&nbsp;Eliz Oliveira Franco ,&nbsp;Rosangela Zacarias Machado ,&nbsp;Marcos Rogério André","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the importance of livestock in Mozambique, studies on the occurrence and genetic diversity of tick-borne agents are highly relevant. The present study aimed to investigate, through molecular methods, the occurrence and genetic diversity of <em>Ehrlichia minasensis</em>, <em>Babesia</em> spp., and <em>Anaplasma marginale</em> in cattle from Mozambique. DNA was extracted from blood samples of 222 cattle from five districts in Maputo, Mozambique. Of the 222 blood samples from cattle in Mozambique, 22 (9.9 %) were positive in the PCR based on the <em>dsb</em> gene of <em>Ehrlichia</em> sp.; 60 (27 %) in the nested PCR assay based on the <em>rap-1α</em> gene of <em>B. bigemina</em>; 50 (22.5 %) in the nPCR based on the <em>sbp-2</em> gene of <em>B. bovis</em>; and 215 (96.8 %) in the qPCR based on the <em>msp1β</em> gene of <em>A. marginale</em>. Positivity for <em>B. bovis</em>, <em>B. bigemina</em>, and <em>E. minasensis</em> was associated with dairy cattle, which may be due to their higher susceptibility to infestation by <em>Rhipicephalus microplus</em>, the tick vector for all three agents. High genetic diversity of <em>B. bovis</em> was observed for the <em>msa-2b</em> gene, while low diversity was found for the <em>msa-2c</em> marker. The <em>msa-2b</em> genotypes of <em>B. bovis</em> detected in cattle from Maputo were shared with isolates from Brazil, Mozambique, the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and China. Most of the <em>msa-2c</em> genotypes identified in this study appeared to be exclusive to the studied region. High genetic diversity of <em>A. marginale</em> was observed, with 15 novel strains and three previously reported strains identified in cattle from the study area. Genotype E was the most prevalent, followed by genotype G. The phenomenon of superinfection with different <em>A. marginale</em> strains infecting a single animal was also observed. Genetic diversity indices indicated that the tandem repeats (SSRs) were highly diverse (high GDM1 values) among each other and within the study region, although with low dispersal (low GDM2 values).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101418"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology, economic losses, and snail intermediate hosts of bovine fasciolosis in Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Haydar Ali ,&nbsp;Md. Shahadat Hossain ,&nbsp;Sharmin Shahid Labony ,&nbsp;Mohammod Kamruj Jaman Bhuiyan ,&nbsp;Md. Touhidul Islam ,&nbsp;Md. Abu Hadi Noor Ali Khan ,&nbsp;Md. Abdul Alim ,&nbsp;Anisuzzaman","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2026.101421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2026.101421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fasciolosis is a snail-borne zoonotic trematode infection caused by ingesting aquatic vegetation contaminated with the metacercariae of ruminant liver flukes such as <em>Fasciola hepatica</em> and <em>Fasciola gigantica</em>, and their hybrid or parthenogenetic forms. The disease significantly affects the health and productivity of ruminants globally. This study determined some epidemiologic aspects of fasciolosis along with economic significance in terms of condemnation of bovine liver in two distinct areas of Bangladesh from July 2022 to June 2025 through a slaughterhouse-based study and confirmed their vector snails. Although the overall mean prevalence of fasciolosis in both study areas was below 50%, but the prevalence was significantly higher (Mymensingh, 71.4%, 140 out of 196) in floodplains than in the highland (Madhupur, 10.8%, 22 out of 204). Overall losses were 36.5% (172 kg out of 471 kg) due to the condemnation of the liver. Condemnation of liver was also significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) higher in the floodplain (71.2%, 166 kg out of 233 kg) than in the highland (2.5%, 6.0 kg out of 238 kg). The total economic loss caused by the condemnation of the liver at both sites' abattoirs was estimated at 2586.8 US$ (3, 15,360 taka). Also, the predicted monetary loss was calculated as 278,445.98US$ (33,945,350 taka) per year only due to condemnation of livers. Only L. <em>auricularia</em> and <em>L. luteola</em> were found to act as the intermediate hosts of fasciolid flukes in Bangladesh, which transmitted both <em>F. gigantica</em> and parthenogenetic <em>Fasciola</em>. In conclusion, the results suggest that fasciolosis is highly prevalent, particularly in the floodplains and is the prime cause of liver condemnation, resulting in massive economic losses. Also, we confirmed that lymnaeid snails play crucial roles in the transmission cycle of both <em>F. gigantica</em> and parthenogenetic <em>Fasciola</em>. in Bangladesh. Results of the present study will help to draw attention of researchers, policymakers, One Health personnel and government to control zoonotic fascioliosis in Bangladesh.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity, abundance and host blood meal of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from different habitat types in Thailand","authors":"Chonticha Kunprom ,&nbsp;Wannachai Wannasingha ,&nbsp;Pairot Pramual","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2026.101427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2026.101427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated diversity, abundance, host blood sources and haemosporidian parasite infection of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected from 25 sites across Thailand, representing three habitat types: livestock shelters, commercial farms and natural areas. A total of 757 specimens were collected, with the highest abundance observed in livestock shelters (<em>n</em> = 654), followed by farms (<em>n</em> = 67) and natural areas (<em>n</em> = 36). Identification based on morphology and DNA barcode revealed 23 mosquito species, with the genus <em>Culex</em> being the most abundance representing &gt;50% (379 of 757) of the total collected specimens. High diversity and abundance in livestock shelters, due to high density of the host blood sources and also our sampling biased because specimens were collected mostly (17 of 25 collections) from this habitat type. In contrast, natural areas had lower mosquito abundance, possibly due to fewer hosts and fluctuating environmental factors. The findings highlight that habitat type and host availability significantly influence mosquito community structure and thereby potentially influencing pathogen transmission dynamics. Host blood meal analysis using mitochondrial cytochrome <em>b</em> indicated that cattle are the most preferable host blood source of these mosquito species. Haemosporidian parasites were detected in nine mosquito specimens, of three <em>Culex</em> mosquito species. Six were identified as <em>Plasmodium juxtanucleare</em>, one was <em>P. gallinaceum</em> and two were <em>Leucocytozoon caulleryi.</em> These results provide baseline data to guide targeted vector surveillance and control strategies in Thailand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and molecular identification of Toxocara vitulorum in water buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) in Tabasco, Mexico","authors":"Jesús Alonso Panti-May ,&nbsp;Nadia Florencia Ojeda-Robertos","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Toxocara vitulorum</em> is an intestinal nematode of cattle, water buffaloes, and other bovids. This parasite can cause high morbidity and mortality in calves and economic losses. Although <em>T</em>. <em>vitulorum</em> has been reported in cattle in Mexico, there are no records in water buffaloes. This study details the morphological and molecular identification of <em>T</em>. <em>vitulorum</em> obtained from three buffalo calves in Tabasco, Mexico. Nematodes collected from buffalo calves were studied using morphological techniques and partial sequences of the 28S ribosomal RNA (28S) gene and the cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase 1 mitochondrial (COI) gene. Three female nematodes showed morphological characteristics and measurements reported for <em>T</em>. <em>vitulorum</em>. Two 28S sequences and one COI sequence of <em>T</em>. <em>vitulorum</em> isolated from buffalo calves were obtained and used in phylogenetic analyses, confirming species identity. This study provides the first record and genetic sequences of <em>T</em>. <em>vitulorum</em> in Mexico. It is recommended to establish surveillance and control programs for intestinal parasites of buffalo herds in Mexico.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 101412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of Heterodoxus spiniger collected from dogs on St. Kitts in the Caribbean","authors":"Chaoqun Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Heterodoxus spiniger</em> is a louse commonly found on dogs in tropical and subtropical regions including Africa, America and Asia. However, its distribution on the Caribbean islands and DNA sequence are scarce. In the current study, <em>H. spiniger</em> was collected from two client-owned dogs on St. Kitts in the Caribbean. Total DNAs were individually extracted from male and female adult lice from each dog. Duplex PCR was performed to simultaneously amplify 18S rRNA and mitochondrial <em>cox1</em> from total DNAs followed by simplex PCR for individual targets using duplex PCR products as templates. PCR amplicons were directly sequenced in both directions. 18S rRNA (2073 bp) and <em>cox1</em> (1539 bp) were 99.71 % and 99.03 % identical among the six new DNA sequences, respectively. These were the largest datasets for <em>H. spiniger</em> deposited into GenBank so far. Phylogenetic analyses showed that all six 18S rRNA sequences formed a clade along with an additional entry of <em>H. spiniger</em> whereas the three sequences of <em>Trinoton</em> spp. formed a separated clade. Similarly, all six <em>cox1</em> sequences formed a clade along with additional two, one each from India and Japan. Unexpectedly, the Thai isolate was in a separated clade along with the outgroup of <em>Trinoton querquedulae</em>. These data should be invaluable for studying evolution and epidemiological consequences of this important ectoparasite of domestic dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 101404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance to ivermectin, doramectin and moxidectin in Rhipicephalus microplus isolates from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil","authors":"Marcelo Becker ,&nbsp;Tiago Gallina ,&nbsp;Jose Reck ,&nbsp;Guilherme M. Klafke","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Rio Grande do Sul state, plays a major role in the livestock industry of Brazil, concentrating 10 % of the country's herd of cattle. The parasitism of cattle by <em>Rhipicephalus microplus</em>, causes great economic losses to the producers in the area. The resistance of <em>R. microplus</em> to macrocyclic lactones class has been detected in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil since 2001. Side-resistance (i.e. resistance to one compound accompanied by resistance to other members of the chemical group) among the drugs of this class is an important condition, considering its implications in resistance management and cattle tick control strategies using these acaricides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of side-resistance among ivermectin (IVM), doramectin (DOR), and moxidectin (MOX) in <em>R. microplus</em> from different locations of Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil. Engorged female ticks were sampled in 30 different premises and their larval progeny were tested with the larval immersion test. A macrocyclic lactone resistant reference strain (IPVDF strain) was also submitted to the assays. Mortality data was submitted to probit analysis to calculate the median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) for each acaricide. Resistance ratios (RR) were calculated in relation to the Porto Alegre strain, being considered resistant the populations with RR ≥ 2. Fisher's test was used to determine the correlation of resistance among the drugs tested. Among the 30 isolates tested, 57 % (<em>n</em> = 17) were resistant to ivermectin (RR: 2.06 to 17.81); 47 % (<em>n</em> = 14) resistant to doramectin (RR: 2.07 to 19.03) and 30 % (<em>n</em> = 9) resistant to moxidectin (RR: 2.00 to 17.28). Nine samples were susceptible to all three acaricides. There was association of the occurrence of resistance between IVM and DOR (<em>p</em> = 0.02), between IVM and MOX (<em>p</em> = 0.015) and between DOR x MOX (<em>p</em> = 0.019). This is the first study to demonstrate side-resistance among drugs of the macrocyclic lactones family of anti-parasitic drugs in <em>R. microplus</em> from south Brazil. The results obtained reinforce the importance of acaricide resistance detection with laboratory bioassays and have an impact on cattle tick control strategies, since side-resistance among the macrocyclic lactones limits the availability of drugs to be used.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 101405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular identification of Balantioides coli in asymptomatic pigs from Norwegian farms","authors":"Luz Aurora Martinez-Contreras ,&nbsp;M. Rey Toleco ,&nbsp;Yohannes Seyoum ,&nbsp;Marit Gaastra Maaland ,&nbsp;Marianne Oropeza-Moe ,&nbsp;Mark van der Giezen","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Balantioides coli</em> is a ciliated intestinal parasite of pigs with known zoonotic potential. Although Norway maintains high biosecurity standards and restricts live animal imports, the prevalence of <em>B. coli</em> in Norwegian pig herds has not been formally evaluated. We investigated the occurrence of <em>B. coli</em> in faecal samples from 125 pigs across eight commercial farms and one research facility. Microscopic examination revealed trophozoites and cysts in 48 % of wet-mount preparations and 28 % of McMaster flotation samples. PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene identified <em>B. coli</em> in 70.4 % of animals, with prevalence ranging from 33 % to 100 % across farms. All four age groups tested positive, with the highest detection rate in finisher pigs (93.5 %) and the lowest in suckling piglets (16.7 %). Sequencing confirmed the identity of the PCR products, and phylogenetic analysis clustered all samples within the previously described Type II group associated with domestic pigs. No clinical signs of infection were observed, consistent with the generally asymptomatic nature of <em>B. coli</em> in pigs. However, its high prevalence, even under strict biosecurity measures, indicates that the parasite is endemic in Norwegian pigs. The potential impact on animal welfare and productivity remains uncertain. This initial survey provides a baseline for continued surveillance and the standardisation of detection methods to better understand the impact of <em>Balantioides coli</em> on animal welfare and productivity in intensive pig production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 101401"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardization of real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and investigation of Trypanosoma caninum infection in dogs in Brazil","authors":"Arlyson Sousa Ferreira ,&nbsp;Janaina Marcela Assunção Rosa Moreira ,&nbsp;Eveline da Cruz Boa Sorte ,&nbsp;Melissa Harumi Sumiyoshi ,&nbsp;Beatriz Silva Nogueira ,&nbsp;Valéria Régia Franco Sousa ,&nbsp;Valeria Dutra ,&nbsp;Adriana Alonso Novais ,&nbsp;Luciano Nakazato ,&nbsp;Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de Almeida","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Trypanosoma caninum</em> was isolated by axenic culture from healthy dog skin in 2009. This parasite has been described in different regions of Brazil, using isolation in culture, molecular detection, and sequencing. However, more sensitive diagnostic methods using specific targets are needed to estimate the real frequency of infection. This study aims to develop a pair of primers based on the 18S region of <em>Trypanosoma caninum</em> rRNA, as well as its investigation and quantification by the qPCR technique in skin, blood, and lymph node samples from dogs in Brazil. The developed primers showed high specificity for <em>T. caninum</em> and without showing cross-reactivity with other trypanosomatids. Furthermore, these primers amplified a 248 bp fragment and were able to detect <em>T. caninum</em> DNA from only 10 DNA copies. Of the 349 dogs analyzed, 54 (15.5 %) were positive. <em>T. caninum</em> infection occurred in all municipalities, with higher frequency in Várzea Grande (37.1 %). Parasitological culture and quantitative PCR were positive in 1.4 % and 14 % of dogs, respectively. Parasite DNA was found in skin, lymph node and blood in 10 %, 3.7 % and 1.7 % of dogs respectively. The mean <em>T. caninum</em> parasite load was highest in skin samples, followed by lymph node and blood, with no significant difference (<em>p</em> = 0.06). <em>T. caninum</em> infection was higher than previously found, pointing out that the frequency of this parasite is underestimated. The parasite load in the biological samples was considered low; however, the skin presented the highest number of DNA copies, reinforcing the predilection for this site and the low occurrence of clinical alterations in infected dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 101409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}