A.D. Mihalca , S. Lolokote , A. Moise , D. Modrý , F. Beugnet
{"title":"Efficacy of oral afoxolaner (NexGard®) against natural infestations with Heterodoxus spiniger (Phthiraptera: Boopiidae) in dogs under field conditions","authors":"A.D. Mihalca , S. Lolokote , A. Moise , D. Modrý , F. Beugnet","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101316","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Heterodoxus spiniger</em> is a chewing louse of a diverse range of hosts, primarily Carnivora. Domestic dogs are considered a major host, and infestations can lead to pruritus, hair loss, or seborrhea. In the context of absence of clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of isoxazolines against <em>H. spiniger</em>, the study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a single oral dose of afoxolaner (NexGard®, Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany) under field conditions for the treatment of natural infestations in dogs, and to compare it with a topical contact ectoparasiticide registered in Europe for the chewing lice <em>Trichodectes canis</em> (Frontline Combo®, Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany) based on fipronil and (<em>S</em>)-methoprene. The study was a field, blinded, positive-control, single-site clinical efficacy study that was performed around Mount Ng'iro, Kenya. Between 30th January and 4th February 2025, 36 dogs infested with <em>H. spiniger</em> were included in the study when brought by owners for a regular rabies vaccination. For each included animal one adult <em>H. spiniger</em> was identified microscopically and collected in absolute ethanol. After inclusion, each infested dog was randomly assigned to one of the two groups: group 1 (investigational group treated with NexGard®) group 2 (positive control group treated with Frontline Combo®). Clinical assessments were performed at inclusion (day 0), then at day 15 (±2) and day 30 (±2) when scoring and evaluation of the skin lesions and symptoms was done. A grading system was also applied for scoring the presence of <em>H. spiniger</em>. Overall, 36 dogs were included (16 in group 1 and 20 in group 2). Four dogs did not complete the study. On days 15 (±2) and 30 (±2), all 32 dogs (from the 2 study groups) scored 0 for lice (i.e. no nits, no alive lice). The primary outcome was the complete eradication of lice by day 30 (±2). During the duration of the study, no reinfestation due to the hatching of eggs was observed. After treatment, a statistically significant decrease in degree of hair loss, pruritus, scaling, and lice score was noticed in the two groups at days 15 (±2) and 30 (±2) compared to day 0. The results show a clinical efficacy of 100 % for oral afoxolaner (NexGard®) against <em>Heterodoxus spiniger</em>, as well as of the control product (Frontline Combo®).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405939025001248","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PARASITOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Heterodoxus spiniger is a chewing louse of a diverse range of hosts, primarily Carnivora. Domestic dogs are considered a major host, and infestations can lead to pruritus, hair loss, or seborrhea. In the context of absence of clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of isoxazolines against H. spiniger, the study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a single oral dose of afoxolaner (NexGard®, Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany) under field conditions for the treatment of natural infestations in dogs, and to compare it with a topical contact ectoparasiticide registered in Europe for the chewing lice Trichodectes canis (Frontline Combo®, Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany) based on fipronil and (S)-methoprene. The study was a field, blinded, positive-control, single-site clinical efficacy study that was performed around Mount Ng'iro, Kenya. Between 30th January and 4th February 2025, 36 dogs infested with H. spiniger were included in the study when brought by owners for a regular rabies vaccination. For each included animal one adult H. spiniger was identified microscopically and collected in absolute ethanol. After inclusion, each infested dog was randomly assigned to one of the two groups: group 1 (investigational group treated with NexGard®) group 2 (positive control group treated with Frontline Combo®). Clinical assessments were performed at inclusion (day 0), then at day 15 (±2) and day 30 (±2) when scoring and evaluation of the skin lesions and symptoms was done. A grading system was also applied for scoring the presence of H. spiniger. Overall, 36 dogs were included (16 in group 1 and 20 in group 2). Four dogs did not complete the study. On days 15 (±2) and 30 (±2), all 32 dogs (from the 2 study groups) scored 0 for lice (i.e. no nits, no alive lice). The primary outcome was the complete eradication of lice by day 30 (±2). During the duration of the study, no reinfestation due to the hatching of eggs was observed. After treatment, a statistically significant decrease in degree of hair loss, pruritus, scaling, and lice score was noticed in the two groups at days 15 (±2) and 30 (±2) compared to day 0. The results show a clinical efficacy of 100 % for oral afoxolaner (NexGard®) against Heterodoxus spiniger, as well as of the control product (Frontline Combo®).
期刊介绍:
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports focuses on aspects of veterinary parasitology that are of regional concern, which is especially important in this era of climate change and the rapid and often unconstrained travel of people and animals. Relative to regions, this journal will accept papers of the highest quality dealing with all aspects of disease prevention, pathology, treatment, epidemiology, and control of parasites within the field of veterinary medicine. Also, case reports will be considered as they add to information related to local disease and its control; such papers must be concise and represent appropriate medical intervention. Papers on veterinary parasitology from wildlife species are acceptable, but only if they relate to the practice of veterinary medicine. Studies on vector-borne bacterial and viral agents are suitable, but only if the paper deals with vector transmission of these organisms to domesticated animals. Studies dealing with parasite control by means of natural products, both in vivo and in vitro, are more suited for one of the many journals that now specialize in papers of this type. However, due to the regional nature of much of this research, submissions may be considered based upon a case being made by the author(s) to the Editor. Circumstances relating to animal experimentation must meet the International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals as issued by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (obtainable from: Executive Secretary C.I.O.M.S., c/o W.H.O., Via Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland).