IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114241

Guo-Fu Ma , Xiao-Qiang Li , Qi Jiang , De-Zhi Zhu , Chao Yang

{"title":"Microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanism of Al2O3/Kovar joints brazed with TiB enhanced Ag-Cu-Ti based composite fillers","authors":"Guo-Fu Ma , Xiao-Qiang Li , Qi Jiang , De-Zhi Zhu , Chao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper achieved reliable joining of Al2O3 ceramics and Kovar alloys using Ag-Cu-Ti single filler and Ag-Cu-Ti + B composite filler. The synergistic effect of Ti and B on phase formation and the mechanical properties of the Al2O3/Kovar joints was systematically investigated. By optimizing the B content and brazing parameters, the typical interfacial structure of the joints obtained using Ag-Cu-6Ti+0.5B (wt.%) composite filler at 880 °C for 10 min was identified as Al2O3/Ti3Cu3O/Ag(s,s) + Cu(s,s) + TiCu + TiB/Fe2Ti + Ni3Ti/Ag(s,s) + Cu(s,s) + Fe2Ti/Kovar. The results showed that B addition refines the joint microstructure by forming fine TiB whiskers and partially inhibits the dissolution and diffusion of alloying elements from the Kovar side. The joints brazed with the Ag-Cu-6Ti + 0.5B (wt.%) composite filler at 880 °C/10 min achieved a maximum shear strength of 131 MPa, representing a 37 % increase compared to the joints brazed with the Ag-Cu-6Ti (wt.%) single filler. The enhancement was attributed to the refinement of the joint microstructure and the alleviation of residual stresses. Additionally, the fracture analysis of the joints containing B revealed the dendritic Ag-Cu eutectic structure and extensive presence of the reactive layer Ti3Cu3O, offering new insights into the failure mechanism of brazed ceramic/metal joints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrathin g-C3N5 nanosheets: A sustainable metal-free photocatalyst for efficient ciprofloxacin degradation

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114256

Thangapandi Chellapandi , Muthukani Elamathi

{"title":"Ultrathin g-C3N5 nanosheets: A sustainable metal-free photocatalyst for efficient ciprofloxacin degradation","authors":"Thangapandi Chellapandi , Muthukani Elamathi","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-dimensional nanomaterials possess unique electrical, mechanical, and catalytic properties, primarily attributed to their high surface-to-volume ratio and exceptional light absorption capabilities. However, developing simple and efficient methods for synthesizing 2D nanosheets remains a significant challenge. This study presents a facile and effective strategy for the synthesis of ultrathin 2D g-C3N5 nanosheets through thermal polymerization and ultrasonication-assisted exfoliation technique. The almost total elimination of ciprofloxacin could be accomplished within 1.5 h, with a rate constant of 0.0286 min−1. The synthesized nanosheets were meticulously characterized for their structural and morphological properties through a variety of analytical techniques. TEM confirmed its ultrathin layered structure, while XRD, FT-IR, and XPS provided comprehensive insights into their elemental composition. The improved photocatalytic activity of ultrathin 2D g-C3N5 nanosheets is primarily related to the increase in visible light absorption and electron–hole separation, as this was demonstrated by many distinct characterizations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of vacuum arc modes in 252 kV single-break vacuum interrupters based on deep learning image recognition

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114258

Siyuan Liu, Xianglai Bo, Jinchao Chen, Zhiyuan Liu, Yingsan Geng

引用次数: 0

Deficient MoO2 facilitating photothermal synergetic catalytic CO2 reduction selectively to CO over P-doped g-C3N4

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114262

Hailong Cao , Fengyun Su , Linbo Wang , Yezhen Zhang , Yonghao Xiao , Xiaoli Jin , Xin Li , Haiquan Xie

{"title":"Deficient MoO2 facilitating photothermal synergetic catalytic CO2 reduction selectively to CO over P-doped g-C3N4","authors":"Hailong Cao , Fengyun Su , Linbo Wang , Yezhen Zhang , Yonghao Xiao , Xiaoli Jin , Xin Li , Haiquan Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into fuels is considered a promising solution to the climate crisis and fossil fuel depletion. However, most photocatalysts exhibit low CO2 reduction performance because of poor carrier separation, limited light absorption, or insufficient surface active sites. In this study, we fabricated a direct Z-scheme heterojunction (X-MoO2/PCN) using oxygen-deficient molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) and phosphorus-doped graphitic carbon nitride (PCN). Phosphorus doping enhances light absorption of g-C3N4 (CN), while the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect in oxygen-deficient MoO2 activates photothermal synergistic catalysis. The heterojunction also facilitates efficient separation of photogenerated carriers. The optimized 15 %-MoO2/PCN composite exhibited yield of CO and CH4 up to 92.11 μmol/g/h and 0.85 μmol/g/h under Uv–Vis-IR irradiation with a CO selectivity highly to 99.10 %, higher than most of the reported g-C3N4-based materials. This work provided a novel approach towards the rational design of a Z-scheme heterojunction for efficient photothermal CO2 reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modulated electrical transport properties and enhanced thermoelectric performance in tellurium by compositing with copper and doping with antimony

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114249

Qiang Hu , Manman Yang , Xubiao Zhou , Shangsheng Li , Qinshan Liu , Hongyu Zhu , Taichao Su

{"title":"Modulated electrical transport properties and enhanced thermoelectric performance in tellurium by compositing with copper and doping with antimony","authors":"Qiang Hu , Manman Yang , Xubiao Zhou , Shangsheng Li , Qinshan Liu , Hongyu Zhu , Taichao Su","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As we know, excellent electrical transport performance is essential for outstanding thermoelectric materials. To date, although commonly used doping strategy can optimize the carrier concentration, which also impact the carrier mobility and thus limit the improvement of thermoelectric performance. In this work, we have incorporated the highly conductive secondary phases of Cu into the Te matrix, specifically targeting an improvement in carrier mobility. It is delightful to report that we have successfully elevated the carrier mobility of Te from 186.9 to 372.6 cm2V−1s−1, and the electrical resistivity was significantly reduced. Furthermore, we have also conducted Cu compositing on the basis of carrier concentration optimization by Sb doping. It reveals that the combination of Cu compositing and Sb doping can further decreases the electrical resistivity by collaboratively optimizing the carrier mobility and carrier concentration. Additionally, the presence of Cu as highly conductive secondary phases within the matrix helps to filter the low-energy electrons and enhance the Seebeck coefficient effectively. Ultimately, we achieved a peak zT of ∼0.82 at 607 K for Te0.994Cu0.003Sb0.003. This research provides a new direction for enhancing the performance of Te-based thermoelectric materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photocatalytic activity of CuBi2O4/CuO heterojunction for methylene blue degradation under visible light irradiation

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114246

Aminah Umar , Cindy Claudia , Munawar Khalil , Ridla Bakri , Hyung Bin Bae , Kim Tae-Hwan , Dewangga Oky Bagus Apriandanu

{"title":"Photocatalytic activity of CuBi2O4/CuO heterojunction for methylene blue degradation under visible light irradiation","authors":"Aminah Umar , Cindy Claudia , Munawar Khalil , Ridla Bakri , Hyung Bin Bae , Kim Tae-Hwan , Dewangga Oky Bagus Apriandanu","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We successfully synthesized CuBi2O4/CuO heterojunction with various mass ratios using a simple grinding-annealing method. The synthesized materials exhibited optical band gap values around 1.70 eV, suggesting their capability to absorb visible light. CuBi2O4/CuO was synthesized using mass ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1, which are referred to as CuBi2O4/CuO I, CuBi2O4/CuO II, and CuBi2O4/CuO III, respectively. The photocatalytic efficacy of CuBi2O4/CuO was evaluated for methylene blue degradation. Among the various mass ratios of CuBi2O4/CuO that were tested, CuBi2O4/CuO II exhibited the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency (81.1 %) when subjected to visible light within 180 min. HR-TEM analysis validated the heterojunction formation of CuBi2O4/CuO between CuBi2O4 and CuO. Utilizing an adequate quantity of CuBi2O4 and CuO at a mass ratio 1:2, produces a synergistic effect in the heterojunction system of exceptional superiority. This work examines how the CuBi2O4/CuO mass ratio affects the breakdown of organic pollutants under visible light exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114246"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on optimizing the microstructures and properties of 50 wt% Si particle-reinforced Al matrix composites for electronic packaging based on the synergistic action of sub-rapid solidification and deformation strengthening

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114260

Tao Jiang , Hongyang Zhao , Yong Li , Wei Yu , Wanshun Zhang , Yonghui Sun , Zhaodong Wang

{"title":"Study on optimizing the microstructures and properties of 50 wt% Si particle-reinforced Al matrix composites for electronic packaging based on the synergistic action of sub-rapid solidification and deformation strengthening","authors":"Tao Jiang , Hongyang Zhao , Yong Li , Wei Yu , Wanshun Zhang , Yonghui Sun , Zhaodong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we employed techniques based on the synergistic manufacturing strategy of sub-rapid solidification and deformation strengthening. Subsequently, we solved the issue of poor plastic deformation in Sip/Al composites and enhanced the microstructures and properties of such materials. The experimental results revealed that the solidified microstructure of the roll-cast composite was significantly more refined than the as-cast composite, with a 75.7 % reduction in the Si particle size. This remarkable microstructural optimization was the result of the multiple synergistic effects of the plastic deformation mechanism. Advanced characterization methods such as large-area electron backscatter diffraction stitching and transmission Kikuchi diffraction were used to reveal this potential microstructure-property response mechanism. In this study, we propose a novel strategy for overcoming challenges and optimizing performance in the plastic processing of Sip/Al composites, thereby laying a theoretical and experimental foundation for broadening the application of such materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114260"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Swift heavy ion irradiation of polycrystalline SiC pre-implanted with silver ions at room temperature: Effects of swift heavy ion fluence 在室温下对预植入银离子的多晶碳化硅进行快速重离子辐照：快速重离子流的影响

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114257

Z.A.Y. Abdalla , R.E. Chauke , V.A. Skuratov , T.T. Hlatshwayo

{"title":"Swift heavy ion irradiation of polycrystalline SiC pre-implanted with silver ions at room temperature: Effects of swift heavy ion fluence","authors":"Z.A.Y. Abdalla , R.E. Chauke , V.A. Skuratov , T.T. Hlatshwayo","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of SHIs irradiation fluence on the recrystallization and structural evolution of amorphous SiC layer induced by ion implantation. Polycrystalline SiC wafers were implanted with 360 keV Ag ions to a fluence of 2 × 1016 cm−2 at room temperature. Some of the pre-implanted samples were then irradiated at room temperature with 167 MeV Xe ions to fluences of 1 × 1013 cm−2, 1 × 1014 cm−2, 3.4 × 1014 cm−2 and 8.4 × 1014 cm−2. The samples were then characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Raman Spectroscopy, and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS). Ag implantation resulted in the amorphization of SiC from the surface to a depth of 270 nm. SHIs irradiation at a fluence of 1 × 1013 cm−2 reduced the amorphous layer thickness to 230 nm, which represents a 15 % reduction. This was accompanied with a partial recrystallization in the amorphous layer. A similar reduction of approximately 15 % was observed at fluences of 1 × 1014 cm−2 and 3.4 × 1014 cm−2. While, irradiation at 8.4 × 1014 cm−2 reduced the amorphous layer to 220 nm, which represents a 19 % reduction. The results showed that the degree of crystallization within the amorphous layer gradually increased with irradiation fluences of SHIs, indicating that recrystallization is fluence-dependent. No migration of pre-implanted Ag was observed after SHIs irradiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficient additive manufacturing of 2209 duplex stainless steel using multi-stranded wire plasma arc: Numerical simulation, microstructure and mechanical properties 利用多股线等离子弧高效增材制造 2209 双相不锈钢：数值模拟、微观结构和机械性能

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114251

Haoquan Zhang , Kang Peng , Wenjun Wu , Liang Yu , Ramachandra Arvind Singh , Xizhang Chen

{"title":"Efficient additive manufacturing of 2209 duplex stainless steel using multi-stranded wire plasma arc: Numerical simulation, microstructure and mechanical properties","authors":"Haoquan Zhang , Kang Peng , Wenjun Wu , Liang Yu , Ramachandra Arvind Singh , Xizhang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study combines multi-stranded wires with plasma arc additive manufacturing (PAAM) to produce 2209 duplex stainless steel (2209 DSS). The PAAM process for multi-stranded 2209 DSS wire is explored through numerical simulation and experiments. Results show a 40 % increase in deposition rate compared to single wire. Numerical simulations suggest that depositing 10 layers under reciprocating deposition (RD) conditions at 1.4 kJ/cm thermal input stabilizes fabrication, minimizing residual stresses and harmful brittle phase formation. The resulting 2209 DSS thin-walled component exhibits excellent forming characteristics. Microstructure shows that overall two-phase ratio is close to ideal state (ferrite: austenite = 1:1), and there is no precipitation of detrimental brittle phase. Above experimental results demonstrate reliability of simulation model and validity of simulation results. In addition, component has excellent mechanical properties, and its overall average hardness is about 5 % higher than GB/T 4237-2015. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of whole component exceeds ASTM-A890 standard, with best tensile performance in middle region. Compared with GB/T 4237-2015, UTS, yield strength and elongation of middle region are 12 %, 45 % and 63 % higher, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kinetics of evaporation removal of Cu and Sn from carbon tool steel under reduced pressure

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114261

Guoyu Cui , Xiang Zhang , Ruixiang He , Guojun Ma , Dingli Zheng , Mengke Liu , Yanghui Xu

{"title":"Kinetics of evaporation removal of Cu and Sn from carbon tool steel under reduced pressure","authors":"Guoyu Cui , Xiang Zhang , Ruixiang He , Guojun Ma , Dingli Zheng , Mengke Liu , Yanghui Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The removal of residual Cu and Sn from steel is crucial for advancing the recycling of steel scrap and promoting the development and production of clean steel. In this study, the kinetics of evaporative removal of Cu and Sn from carbon tool steel under reduced pressure were investigated. The results show that increasing the smelting temperature and lowering the gas phase pressure significantly enhance the removal efficiency of Cu and Sn from molten steel. The evaporation of Cu and Sn follows first-order reaction kinetics, with both elements evaporating as monatomic molecules. The observed evaporation rate constants for Cu and Sn range from 2.3×10−6 m·s−1∼10.5×10−6 m·s−1 and 1.6×10−6 m·s−1∼8.5×10−6 m·s−1, respectively. At a gas phase pressure of 60 Pa and a smelting temperature of 1550 °C∼1650 °C, the apparent evaporation activation energies for Cu and Sn are 192.52 kJ·mol−1 and 181.84 kJ·mol−1, individually. Cu evaporation is restricted by the rate of reaction at the gas-liquid interface. Moreover, within the experimental parameters of this investigation, mass transfer in the liquid phase has negligible influence on Cu and Sn evaporation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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