Vacuum最新文献

{"title":"Transparent conductive (400)-oriented Ti and Mo co-doped In2O3 films by magnetron sputtering technique and application in multiwavelength responsive photodetector","authors":"Mengyao Han ,&nbsp;Ouxiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziyuan Li ,&nbsp;Tonghui Li ,&nbsp;Ye Chen ,&nbsp;Junhao Xu ,&nbsp;Yuhao Li ,&nbsp;Dongli Qi ,&nbsp;Chaoyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuefei Li ,&nbsp;Hanning Xu ,&nbsp;Longhai Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transparent conductive Ti and Mo co-doped indium oxide (ITMO) films with (400)-preferred orientation are deposited onto glass substrates by magnetron sputtering. The crystal structure, surface morphology, optical transmittance, and electrical properties of the ITMO films are investigated at substrate temperatures between 200 °C and 500 °C. At a substrate temperature of 400 °C, a maximum figure of merit (FOM) value of 7.51 × 10⁻³ Ω⁻¹ is achieved for the ITMO films, with an average transmittance of 78.34 % in the visible range (400–800 nm) and a sheet resistance of 11.6 Ω/Sq, thereby achieving a balance between transparency and conductivity. At a substrate temperature of 300 °C, the optical transmittance of the ITMO transparent conductive films reached 83.33 %. The optical band gap is 3.54 eV, with a carrier concentration of 1.0 × 10²⁰ cm⁻³ and a carrier mobility of 18.05 cm²/(V·s). Additionally, the defect levels enable the ITMO thin films to exhibit photoresponsive characteristics across the ultraviolet to visible light spectrum. The ITMO film photodetector exhibits a rapid light response with a speed of 0.72 s under the illumination of 365 nm. Furthermore, this study highlights that ITMO thin films have the potential application of multiwavelength responsive transparent photodetectors. It could offer innovative strategies for novel transparent conductive devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical benefits from logarithmic displays of luminescence sensitivity","authors":"Nurdogan Can ,&nbsp;Peter D. Townsend ,&nbsp;Yafang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many luminescence materials are heavily doped and consequently involve a range of possible dopant sites with different performance. The complexity of possible sites is so varied that site models are normally poorly identified. Nevertheless, by using logarithmic plots of performance versus dopant concentration it is frequently possible to assess if the dopants are effective as isolated ions, or are forming pairs, trimers or other types of clustering and complexes. The examples presented indicate how it is possible to optimise performance despite the complexity of the family of defects that are generated by doping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114273"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced mechanical and electrochemical performance of CoCrNi medium entropy alloy through multi-scale heterostructure","authors":"Pengcheng Ma ,&nbsp;Jiongxian Li ,&nbsp;Jiangjie Liao ,&nbsp;Yiru Peng ,&nbsp;Mian Chen ,&nbsp;Jing Qiu ,&nbsp;Jian Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CoCrNi medium entropy alloy (MEA) demonstrates significant potential for engineering applications, yet enhancing its room temperature performance remains a challenge. In this study, a multi-scale heterostructured (MHS) CoCrNi MEA was fabricated using a combination of spark plasma sintering (SPS) and surface mechanical rolling treatment (SMRT). This innovative structure was characterized by a gradient distribution of grain size and defect density, along with a dispersed arrangement of short-range ordered structures at the sub-nanometer scale. This multi-scale heterostructure promoted heterogeneous deformation-induced (HDI) hardening, thereby achieving a superior balance of strength and ductility. In addition, the wear and corrosion resistance were significantly enhanced compared with SPSed sample, expanding the application potential of CoCrNi MEA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114267"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface potential evolution and DC discharge measurement of the microstrip antenna dielectric under electron beam irradiation","authors":"Zhuoxi Lian ,&nbsp;Kaiwen Yao ,&nbsp;Dan Wang ,&nbsp;Keyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Yongning He","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface charging and electrostatic discharge are prone to occur in space environments. Here, to evaluate the effect of surface charging on the dielectric of an electronic device, we take a microstrip antenna as an example to study its charge and discharge characteristics by modulating the surface total electron emission yield (TEEY). Through theoretical calculations, it is revealed that the secondary critical energy, <em>E</em>_P2, significantly influences the surface potential. The surface negative potential may reach very high level when the difference between <em>E</em>_P2 and the incident electron energy is large. To modulate TEEY, MgO and Al₂O₃ films were deposited on the surface of the original antenna. The results show that the <em>E</em>_P2 value increased from 3 keV to 6.6 keV for the antenna coated with MgO, and 5.7 keV for the antenna coated with Al₂O₃. The discharging tests show that after 70 s irradiation with a 30 keV electron beam and 0.3 μA beam current, the antennas coated with MgO and Al₂O₃ films did not exhibit any discharge phenomenon, indicating the discharge threshold was significantly improved. Additionally, the S-parameter tests indicate that the changes in S-parameters are minimal both after coating functional films and before and after irradiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114270"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of self-healing of symmetric single-source magneto-fluid seals with large clearances","authors":"Xiaolong Yang,&nbsp;Yanyan Zhou,&nbsp;Xuankai Dou,&nbsp;Liping Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to reduce the leakage of vacuum sealing equipment due to vibration and effectively improve the self-healing (SH) performance of magneto-fluid seals (MFS), a symmetric single-source MFS structure is proposed. Experimental research was done to determine how the structure's SH capabilities were affected by various radial and axial sealing clearances (SC), the number of axial and radial pole teeth (PT), step height, and PT positions. According to findings, symmetric MFS' ability to SH gradually decreases as SC increases. As the symmetric MFS's axial teeth count increases, its SH capabilities progressively get better. When the step height and the number of radial PT were increased, respectively, the SH ability first trended downward before increasing. When the PT are all on the shaft, the MFS's capacity for SH is at its peak.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical analysis of Solvothermally synthesized MoS2 nanostructures for high performance supercapacitor","authors":"Sunil Kumar ,&nbsp;Mamta Bulla ,&nbsp;Sarita Sindhu ,&nbsp;Raman Devi ,&nbsp;Ajay Kumar Mishra ,&nbsp;Vinay Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of different solvents, including ethylene glycol (EG), dimethylformamide (DMF) and water, on the structure and electrochemical properties of MoS₂ synthesized via a single-step pot synthesis technique. These solvents facilitate the formation of MoS₂ nanostructures with diverse dimensions. The synthesized material was analyzed using XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, FE-SEM and BET analysis. The hierarchical microflower structure of MoS₂, with exfoliated edge-enriched nanosheets, exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 428 F g⁻¹ at 1 mV s⁻¹ and 280 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ when synthesized using water as a solvent, surpassing the results achieved with other solvents. The MoS₂ nanostructure-based symmetric supercapacitor achieved an energy density of 7.5 Wh kg⁻¹, a power density of 1980 W kg⁻¹ and retained ∼95 % capacitance after 1000 cycles at 2 A g⁻¹, highlighting its potential for future applications with exceptional stability and durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-concentration and high-efficiency detection of triethylamine (TEA) based on Sn-doped WO3 gas sensors","authors":"Junsheng Wen ,&nbsp;Boyan Fu ,&nbsp;Leyao Bi ,&nbsp;Jiahui Lin ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Fu ,&nbsp;Wenyue Tian ,&nbsp;Chunjie Wang ,&nbsp;Yue Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, the monitoring of TEA has garnered significant attention, particularly concerning food safety, which could potentially lead to health risks. However, current studies on the detection of TEA using tungsten trioxide (WO₃) materials are suboptimal and require the exploration of effective WO₃-based sensitive materials. This work employs a one-step solvothermal method to synthesize Sn-doped WO₃ materials with varying ratios and analyzes their selectivity and sensitivity to gases. The physicochemical properties of materials were characterized using multiple techniques including XRD, SEM, XPS, BET and Raman spectroscopy. The high response to TEA gas is successfully achieved by adjusting the doping amount of Sn⁴⁺ (∼12 wt%). Qualitative analyses indicate that 10 wt% Sn-WO₃ exhibits superior response to TEA in all samples, showcasing a response of 94.5 at 175 °C for 100 ppm TEA, which is 5.7 times higher than that of WO₃. Also, the related mechanisms were studied in detail. The low-intensity ratio of the (002) facet, small particle size, large specific surface area, and high concentration of oxygen vacancy defects resulting from Sn⁴⁺ doping play pivotal roles in enhancing the response to TEA. It is expected that this work will contribute to advancements in WO₃-based materials in the field of gas sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoscale material design of LiAl and LiZn alloy interlayers by room temperature sputtering deposition technique","authors":"L. Fallarino ,&nbsp;E. Gonzalo ,&nbsp;B. Acebedo ,&nbsp;S. Gadea ,&nbsp;U. Urruela ,&nbsp;N. Ortiz-Vitoriano ,&nbsp;L. Bertoli ,&nbsp;V. Giordani ,&nbsp;J. Rikarte","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium metal is one of the most superior negative electrodes in electrochemical energy storage devices. However, lithium dendrite formation and infinite dimensional change are plaguing its applications. To solve these problems, effective and straightforward lithium-surface modification methods are needed. Herein, we propose a nanoscale material design to control and tune the Li surface trough lithium-aluminium (Li_1-<em>x</em>Al<em>_x</em>) and lithium-zinc (Li_1-<em>x</em>Zn<em>_x</em>) alloy layers formation, by means of room temperature sputtering deposition. Upon depositing pure Al or Zn onto self-standing Li foils, we found that the alloy layers are naturally forming, with no need of any post-deposition thermal or electrochemical process. Compared to Li–Li_1-<em>x</em>Al<em>_x</em> and Li–Li_1-<em>x</em>Zn<em>_x</em> produced via conventional chemical immersion methods, the sputtered samples exhibit superior control over alloy thickness, morphology, composition, and purity. We envision a wide application potential, since we succeed in engineering Li-electrode surfaces through a simple and scalable method, which would advance the potential applications of Li-metal-based systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114264"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulations of the evolution of primary radiation damage in Ti-6Ta alloy for spent nuclear fuel reprocessing","authors":"Huan Li ,&nbsp;Bohai Yang ,&nbsp;Jianping Xu ,&nbsp;Jinping Wu ,&nbsp;Zhenzhi Chen ,&nbsp;Junjie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ti-6Ta (in wt%) alloy is extensively used in critical components for nuclear spent fuel reprocessing due to its excellent mechanical and resistance to boiling nitric acid corrosion properties. However, the study of defect formation and evolution mechanisms under irradiation conditions is still limited. This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the evolution of irradiation damage in Ti-6Ta alloy and compares its irradiation resistance mechanisms with those of pure Ti. Isothermal and differential temperature simulations were performed on primary knock-on atom with energies ranging from 1 to 20 keV to understand the irradiation resistance of Ti-6Ta alloy. During the thermal peak stage, Ti-6Ta alloy exhibits a higher number of displaced atoms, but fewer surviving defects after relaxation and recombination. After irradiation stabilization, Ti-6Ta alloy is less likely to form large defect clusters, and Ta atoms tend to appear in these larger clusters. As the temperature increases, tantalum atoms gradually appear in the defect clusters of the low Primary Knock-on Atom (PKA) energy system. Elevated temperatures enhance defect recombination rates and further reduce the migration effects of irradiation-induced defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rarefied gas flows in complex microfluidic 3D-structures fabricated via additive manufacturing","authors":"Franz Schweizer ,&nbsp;Klaus Bade ,&nbsp;Lucien Baldas ,&nbsp;Samuel Bergdolt ,&nbsp;Stéphane Colin ,&nbsp;Celine Deutschbein ,&nbsp;Stefan Hengsbach ,&nbsp;Jan G. Korvink ,&nbsp;Marcos Rojas-Cárdenas ,&nbsp;Jürgen J. Brandner","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, two-photon-polymerization (TPP) is introduced as a method for manufacturing three-dimensional devices for rarefied gas flow applications. The novel 3D manufacturing capabilities of TPP are demonstrated by the fabrication of a microfluidic structure that consists of a circular micro-tube with a varying radius (tapered channel). The micro-tube has interesting features, such as a conical structure with one order of magnitude difference between minimum and maximum radii, that is <span><math><mrow><mn>14</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>215</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>, respectively, and a very high aspect ratio, that is defined as the length over the minimum radius, of 72.3. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such a geometrical configuration has been successfully tested for rarefied gas flow applications. It supports the suitability of the presented fabrication method for further 3D new-generation applications in the field. The geometrical characteristics of the device were measured by <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>-tomography and subsequently analyzed allowing the assessment of the geometrical precision of the fabrication method. From a fluid dynamics perspective, the device was tested by imposing pressure-driven gas flows in the converging and diverging directions of the structure for a wide range of rarefaction. The flow parameters linked to the structure, such as mass flow rates and conductances, were obtained experimentally using the constant volume technique. The experimental results were compared to numerical simulations obtained via Computational Fluid Dynamics solving the Navier–Stokes equation in the slip and hydrodynamic flow regimes. The experimental vs. numerical comparison showed good agreement within geometrical uncertainty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}