IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114439

Polatkan Ozcan , Nazlican Esen , Ayten Cantas , Lutfi Ozyuzer , Mehtap Ozdemir , Kamil Kosiel , Anna Szerling , Gulnur Aygun

{"title":"Investigation of LiCoO2 thin films grown under relatively low substrate temperature for all solid state lithium ion battery applications","authors":"Polatkan Ozcan , Nazlican Esen , Ayten Cantas , Lutfi Ozyuzer , Mehtap Ozdemir , Kamil Kosiel , Anna Szerling , Gulnur Aygun","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the effect of substrate temperature on the surface, structural and chemical properties of LiCoO<sub>2</sub> (LCO) thin films deposited via magnetron sputtering. LCO thin films were grown for the purpose of being a cathode layer for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLIBs). Achieving crystalline LCO films at low substrate temperatures is advantageous for integration with flexible and temperature-sensitive substrates as well as minimizing energy consumption, which is highly important for industrial applications. In this work, LCO thin films were deposited on titanium-coated soda lime glass (SLG/Ti) at the substrate temperature ranging from room to 350 °C. Structural characterizations by XRD analyses confirmed that LCO thin films have (104) crystal orientation, which is critical for efficient lithium-ion transportation. SEM, Raman, and XPS analyses were used for further chemical and structural characterizations of grown LCO thin films. These analyses showed that LCO thin film grown at relatively low substrate temperature of 250 °C is a better growth condition when compared to others. Crystallization orientation (104) of LCO thin films is highly important for the potential usage of ASSLIBs technologies without any need of elevated temperatures. Moreover, results support the low-temperature adaption processes for applications like wearable electronics, offering safer and more sustainable solutions for future energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114439"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synergistic evaluation of wear behaviour and microstructure in SiC/ZrO2-aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs): Vacuum controlled sintering process SiC/ zro2 -铝基复合材料（AMMCs）磨损性能和微观结构的协同评价：真空控制烧结工艺

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114433

Manvendra Yadav , L.A. Kumaraswamidhas , Ashish Kumar , Virendra Pratap Singh

{"title":"Synergistic evaluation of wear behaviour and microstructure in SiC/ZrO2-aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs): Vacuum controlled sintering process","authors":"Manvendra Yadav , L.A. Kumaraswamidhas , Ashish Kumar , Virendra Pratap Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The low density and low coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminium make it a promising material for tribological applications, although its poor wear resistance limits performance. This work explores the potential of tailored aluminium-based composites reinforced with ZrO<sub>2</sub> and SiC, fabricated via powder metallurgy under vacuum-controlled sintering, to mitigate oxidation and improve mechanical and erosion wear performance. Comparative analysis revealed that pure aluminium samples sintered in a conventional furnace exhibited reduced hardness compared to those processed under vacuum-controlled conditions, highlighting the effectiveness of the controlled sintering approach. Additionally, composites with 0, 2.5, and 5 wt% reinforcements were evaluated under varying impingement angles (30°–90°) and velocities (30–90 m/s). Results show that reinforcement type, content, and impact velocity significantly influence wear properties. Al-5(ZrO<sub>2</sub>) exhibited the highest hardness (155 ± 1 Hv) and superior erosion resistance (6.25 ± 0.40 mg/kg) at a 60° angle and 50 m/s. TEM, SEM and XRD analyses confirmed uniform reinforcement distribution and the absence of secondary phases. The statistical analysis using Taguchi and ANOVA revealed that reinforcement wt.% is the most significant parameter affecting erosion wear, followed by impact velocity as the second most influential factor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114433"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Atomic-scale investigation of B′, Q′ and Q phases in Al-Mg-Si-(Cu) alloys: structural, mechanical and electronic properties via HAADF-STEM and first-principles calculations Al-Mg-Si-(Cu)合金中B′，Q′和Q相的原子尺度研究：通过HAADF-STEM和第一性原理计算的结构，力学和电子性能

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114436

Bo Qu , Xia Chen , Qiang Chen , Yaling Zhang , Yao Tao , Bin Chen

{"title":"Atomic-scale investigation of B′, Q′ and Q phases in Al-Mg-Si-(Cu) alloys: structural, mechanical and electronic properties via HAADF-STEM and first-principles calculations","authors":"Bo Qu , Xia Chen , Qiang Chen , Yaling Zhang , Yao Tao , Bin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the B′, Q′ and Q phases in Al-Mg-Si-(Cu) alloys using HAADF-STEM and first-principles calculations, focusing on Cu's influence on precipitation behavior and mechanical properties. Experimental results reveal that Cu stabilizes hexagonal-structured Q′ (Al<sub>6</sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>Mg<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>7</sub>) and Q (Al<sub>3</sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>Mg<sub>9</sub>Si<sub>7</sub>) phases, altering precipitation sequences. First-principles calculations confirm the thermodynamic and mechanical stability of B′-Al<sub>3</sub>Mg<sub>9</sub>Si<sub>8</sub>, Q′ and Q phases, with Q exhibiting superior strength and hardness due to Cu-Mg synergistic effects on electronic structure and covalent Si-Cu bonding. Elastic anisotropy analysis demonstrates high isotropy in Q phase versus strong directional dependence in Q′, indicating Cu's role in modulating mechanical anisotropy. Electronic structure analyses highlight the metallic nature of these phases, with enhanced covalent interactions in Q phase contributing to its performance. These findings provide atomic-scale insights into phase stability mechanisms and electronic-property relationships, guiding the design of high-performance Al alloys for engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hierarchical MXene/Ni-MOF-derived C/TiO2/Ni@C composites: synergistic dielectric-magnetic optimization for high-performance microwave absorption 多层MXene/ ni - mof衍生的C/TiO2/Ni@C复合材料：高效微波吸收的协同介电-磁优化

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114432

Penggen Chen , Jianhao Wang , Xingyue Lu , Li-An Ma , Qiong Liu , Lizhen Liu , Xiaoyun Ye , Qianting Wang

{"title":"Hierarchical MXene/Ni-MOF-derived C/TiO2/Ni@C composites: synergistic dielectric-magnetic optimization for high-performance microwave absorption","authors":"Penggen Chen , Jianhao Wang , Xingyue Lu , Li-An Ma , Qiong Liu , Lizhen Liu , Xiaoyun Ye , Qianting Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the growing need for high-performance microwave absorbing materials in modern communication and radar technologies, this study proposes a hierarchical heterostructured engineering strategy to integrate multiple loss mechanisms and optimize electromagnetic wave absorption. The hierarchical heterostructured C/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Ni@C composites were constructed via in situ hydrothermal synthesis combined with high-temperature calcination. The microwave absorption properties of the composite can be tuned by adjusting the MXene doping level and pyrolysis temperature. The TiO<sub>2</sub>/C framework derived from MXene and porous Ni@C microspheres derived from Ni-MOF enhance dielectric losses (interfacial polarization and dipole relaxation). The precipitated Ni magnetic nanoparticles improve magnetic losses. Compared with traditional microwave absorbing materials such as single-phase carbon or metal oxides, the C/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Ni@C-2 composite thermally decomposed at 600 °C exhibits excellent microwave absorption properties with an optimal reflection loss of −57 dB at a thickness of 4.26 mm and a frequency of 7.1 GHz. Upon optimization to a thickness of 2.16 mm, its effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) extends to 5.34 GHz (12.43–17.77 GHz), thereby fully encompassing the Ku band. The exceptional microwave absorption performance is attributed to its distinctive magnetic-dielectric layered architecture, heterointerface synergy, and optimized impedance matching, offering critical insights for designing next-generation broadband microwave absorbers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114432"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Construction of 1T-2H mixed-phase MoS2-coated CdS hollow sphere core-shell structure and study on its efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance 1T-2H混合相mos2包覆CdS空心球核壳结构的构建及其高效光催化析氢性能研究

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114427

Shiyue Dang , Yuzheng Wang , Guimei Shi , Yusheng Wu , Laishi Li , Feng Liu , Jiahui Xing , Aoning Wen

引用次数: 0

Electronic property of the oxide film of alloys steel in the presence of freshwater biofilm 淡水生物膜存在下合金钢氧化膜的电子性能

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114430

Sridharan Dharmarajan

引用次数: 0

A comparative study of carbon nanotubes and graphene for metal matrix Composites: Insights from simulation and experimentation 碳纳米管和石墨烯用于金属基复合材料的比较研究：来自模拟和实验的见解

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114429

Qiaonan Shu, Zhendong Jia, Lin Cao, Jinshan Li, Biao Chen

{"title":"A comparative study of carbon nanotubes and graphene for metal matrix Composites: Insights from simulation and experimentation","authors":"Qiaonan Shu, Zhendong Jia, Lin Cao, Jinshan Li, Biao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene (Gr), as one-dimensional and two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, respectively, are widely used as reinforcements in metal matrix composites (MMCs). However, their comparative effectiveness in enhancing mechanical properties remains unclear. This study employs molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and experimental tensile testing to evaluate the mechanical behavior of aluminum (Al) matrix composites reinforced with CNTs and Gr (CNT/Al and Gr/Al). MD simulations revealed that Gr/Al composites exhibit superior load transfer efficiency and more uniform stress-strain distribution compared to CNT/Al, attributed to Gr's periodic co-lattice structure at the Al interface. Dislocation analysis showed that Gr/Al forms dislocation tangles, enhancing strength and ductility, while CNT/Al relies on Orowan loops and dislocation cells, leading to strain concentration and reduced performance. Experimentally, Gr/Al composites demonstrated a 36.1 % higher yield strength (196 MPa vs. 144 MPa) and 32 % greater elongation than CNT/Al, consistent with simulation predictions. These findings highlight Gr's superior reinforcement potential, providing critical insights for designing high-performance MMCs for aerospace and automotive applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114429"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determination of featured parameters for GaN surface morphologies by using a 2D growth simulation 利用二维生长模拟确定氮化镓表面形貌特征参数

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114428

Takahiro Gotow , Tsutomu Sonoda , Tokio Takahashi , Hisashi Yamada , Toshihide Ide , Reiko Azumi , Mitsuaki Shimizu , Yosuke Tsunooka , Shota Seki , Kentaro Kutsukake , Toru Ujihara

引用次数: 0

A low-conductance gas neutralizer cell for an ion accelerator: Modeling and development using the angular coefficient method in the free molecular flow regime 离子加速器用低电导气体中和电池：在自由分子流动条件下用角系数法建模和开发

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114421

Amin Masoumzadeh , Morteza Habibi , Hamid Reza Mirzaei

{"title":"A low-conductance gas neutralizer cell for an ion accelerator: Modeling and development using the angular coefficient method in the free molecular flow regime","authors":"Amin Masoumzadeh , Morteza Habibi , Hamid Reza Mirzaei","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A gas neutralizer cell is a charge exchange cell where ion beam particles exchange charge with gas molecules, resulting in neutralization. This study employed a numerical fluid model using the angular coefficient method within a free molecular flow regime to develop a low-conductance neutralizer cell. The model was also applied to an ion accelerator equipped with the cell, computing gas pressure in both the cell and the accelerator. The gas pressure inside the cell directly influences the ion neutralization. To achieve optimal pressure, which must exceed beamline pressure, a low-conductance geometry is necessary to reduce gas conductance. Dividing the cell transversely into several longitudinal parallel channels was found to decrease gas conductance and increase gas pressure within the cell. However, a multi-channel configuration raised beam loss due to the interaction of divergent beamlets with channel walls, necessitating a study of geometric efficiency. The results and evaluations indicated that the proposed 9-column, 3-row configuration achieves the required pressure for neutralization while minimizing beam loss and ensuring construction feasibility. The total efficiency of this neutralizer cell surpasses that of a one-channel design for beam divergences below 30 mrad. The constructed cell was tested, and it validated the fluid model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deposition of aluminium oxide coatings by a system based on gridless ion acceleration 基于无栅离子加速系统的氧化铝涂层沉积

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114419

I.V. Lopatin, Yu.H. Akhmadeev, N.N. Koval, E.A. Petrikova

引用次数: 0

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