Veterinary Medicine and Science最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing Cryopreservation: The Effect of MitoTEMPO and Glycerol Ratios on Ram Semen Quality After Freezing and Thawing.","authors":"Recep Hakkı Koca, İbrahim Halil Güngör, Aslıhan Çakır Cihangiroğlu, Tutku Can Acısu, Nida Badıllı, Serkan Ali Akarsu, Şeyma Özer Kaya, Emre Kaya, Gaffari Türk, Mustafa Sönmez, Seyfettin Gür","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70406","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>MitoTEMPO is an important mitochondrial targeted and ROS scavenging antioxidant. It is often used as antiviral, anticancer and immunomodulator agents. In addition, there are studies proving its positive effect on sperm after thawing.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of our study was to determine the effects of mitoTEMPO addition, which has strong antioxidant and cryoprotective properties in different glycerol ratios, on motility, kinematics, sperm quality and oxidative stress in spermatozoa after freezing and thawing.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Semen was collected from seven rams twice a week for 3 weeks. The semen samples were pooled and extended using standard protocol. Experimental groups were formed (1 µM mitoTEMPO with 3% glycerol, 1 µM mitoTEMPO with 5% glycerol, 5 µM mitoTEMPO with 3% glycerol and 5 µM mitoTEMPO with 5% glycerol) and without (control with 3% glycerol and control with 5% glycerol) mitoTEMPO and they were frozen in mini straws. In this study, motility, kinematic parameters, plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, acrosome integrity, viability, DNA fragmentation and oxidative stress parameters were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The increases in total motility, increases in plasma membrane integrity ratio, decreases in MDA level and decreases in DNA damage ratio in mitoTEMPO groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Post-thawed sperm, the addition of 1 µM mitoTEMPO to the 3% glycerol extender preserved the integrity of the spermatozoon membrane, increased total motility, prevented DNA damage and oxidative stress, and increased the rate of sperm with intact acrosome.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 4","pages":"e70406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12208187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lingual Papillae in Hamdani Sheep During Foetal Periods: Gross, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Analysis.","authors":"Barış Can Güzel, İhsan Işbilir, Senem Esin Yavaş, Fatma Işbilir","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70403","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the developmental, macroscopic, microscopic and immunohistochemical characteristics of tongue tissues in sheep foetuses collected at three gestational periods. The study was carried out with foetuses collected from pregnant ewes slaughtered in private slaughterhouses. For this purpose, a total of 15 foetuses, 5 each from the first trimester (38-48 days), second trimester (56-73 days) and third trimester (105-118 days), were used. Foetal tongues were carefully dissected and removed from the oral cavity. First, their macroscopic properties were examined using a stereomicroscope. Scanning electron microscopy was used for microscopic morphological evaluations, and the tongues were examined under a light microscope using Haematoxylin Eosin and Masson Trichrome methods. The expression and localization of cytokeratins (CK)-5, E-cadherin, EphB2 and EphB3 proteins in the tongue epithelium were determined by immunohistochemical analysis. According to the results of light and electron microscopy, it was determined that the tongue tissue began to develop in the first trimester, and lingual papillae could be seen as primitive primordia. Although the tongue continued to grow in the second trimester, primitive taste buds and papilla structures were detected. In the last trimester, lingual papillae were observed to become more prominent. In addition to taste buds, serous glands in the papillae were also detected. It was determined that both taste and mechanical papillae formed simultaneously during the development of lingual papillae, and the papillae were located at the apex, body and root without a chronological order. Furthermore, epithelial markers such as CK-5 and E-cadherin as well as EphB2 and EphB3 receptor expressions were detected in the epithelium covering the papillae in all three trimesters. In addition to contributing to the morphological literature, our results may provide information for future studies aimed at elucidating the normal development of the tongue and other epithelial tissues in sheep.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 4","pages":"e70403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12210039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Van Cats in Relation to Sex and Reproductive Status.","authors":"Mehmet Yildiz, Davut Koca, Busra Nur Kilic Yildiz, Muhammed Zeyd Isik, Ali Osman Turgut, Yunus Çetin","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70502","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to evaluate anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations in female and male Van cats. The study included six groups: prepubertal female cats, pubertal female cats, spayed female cats, prepubertal male cats, pubertal male cats and neutered male cats. A total of 42 Van cats were included in the study, with 7 cats in each group. Blood samples were collected from the cephalic vein of all animals, and AMH concentrations were measured from serum using the ELISA test. The highest AMH levels were observed in the prepubertal cats (p < 0.001). AMH concentrations were 14.33 ng/mL in prepubertal female cats and 31.91 ng/mL in prepubertal males (p < 0.001). In pubertal cats, AMH concentrations were 6.61 ng/mL in female cats and 10.27 ng/mL in males, with no significant difference between the sexes (p > 0.05). The lowest AMH levels were observed in neutered cats (p < 0.001). AMH concentrations were 0.109 ng/mL in spayed female cats and 0.096 ng/mL in neutered male cats, with no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the highest AMH concentrations were observed during the prepubertal period in both female cats and male cats. Furthermore, prepubertal males had significantly higher AMH levels than female cats. Measuring AMH concentrations in Van cats may help determine their reproductive status (prepubertal, pubertal or neutered).</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 4","pages":"e70502"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12244260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification and Comparison of Eight Different Growth Curve Methods for Pekin Duck.","authors":"Hasan Önder, Mine Yılmaz, Mustafa Şahin, Uğur Şen, Sibel Bozkurt, Kadir Erensoy, İsmail Gök, Tolga Tolun, Ahmet Uçar","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70476","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As in all livestock species, growth is the most important trait. Growth is an increase in size (height, length, weight) with advancing age and growth curve models provide a visual assessment of growth as a function of time. These models can be used for predicting body weight for a specific age from a dimensional perspective.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we compared Brody, Gompertz, Logistic, Gamma, Schnute, Richards, Negative Exponential and von Bertalanffy models on the body weight of Pekin ducks raised in Türkiye using 109 female and 110 male birds for 10 weeks of age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ducks were reared with a feeding program identical to standard commercial practices. Growth models were fitted to the data of the average growth curve and for the individual growth curves. Parameters were estimated using the SAS 9.0 statistical package program, Proc Nlin procedure and Gauss-Newton algorithm were used to model the curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>3-D clustering results showed that the models clustered in three clusters both female and male Pekin ducks. According to the goodness of fit criteria such as mean square prediction error, coefficient of determination, adjusted coefficient of determination, accuracy factor, bias factor, Durbin-Watson value, Akaike Information Criteria, corrected Akaike Information Criteria, Bayesian Information Criteria and standard error of the regression and interpretation of the growth curves and clustering hierarchical 3-D dendrograms, the Schnute and Richards models, were found to be a suggestible model for 70 days growth of both female and male Pekin ducks, but the Richards model can be more recommendable due to calculation easiness.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 4","pages":"e70476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12271834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Therapeutic Potential of Boric Acid in Enteritis-Induced Quails.","authors":"Sultan Aslan, Ulku G Simsek, Hatice Eroksuz, Burcu Karagulle, Mehmet Eroglu, Gokhan K Incili, Canan A Incili","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70481","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of boric acid added to feed and water on intestinal histopathology, immune parameters, and intestinal bacterial flora in experimentally enteritis-induced Japanese quails. Eighty-four quails were used in the study, which were divided into seven groups. The following groups were used in the study: control (G1), infected (G2), infected + antibiotic (G3), infected + boric acid added to feed (100 mg/kg) (G4), infected + boric acid added to feed (300 mg/kg) (G5), infected + boric acid added into water (100 mg/L) (G6) and infected + boric acid added into water (300 mg/L) (G7). Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA, and differences between groups were determined by Tukey's honestly significant difference test. The highest levels of white blood cells were found in the infection group, whereas the lowest levels were found in the control group (p < 0.05). Boric acid taken with water decreased the number of Enterobacteriaceae, Escherchia coli, and total mesophilic aerobic bacteria. However, these differences were not significant compared with the infection group (p > 0.05). Compared to the Infected group (G2), the most notable reductions in coliform counts were observed in the boric acid water 300 mg/L group (G7), which decreased from 3.29 to 2.90 log CFU/g (p < 0.01), and in the 100 mg/L group (G6), which showed a decrease to 2.93 log CFU/g (p < 0.01), In contrast, boric acid given in feed (G4 and G5) had no significant effect on any bacterial count compared to the infected group p > 0.05). Consequently, Effective results were observed when boric acid was added to drinking water, even with short-term (7 days) use. Boron derivatives could provide an effective alternative treatment option, especially in combating the growing antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 4","pages":"e70481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12272505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Cryptosporidiosis in Neonatal Ruminant Faecal Samples by a Portable Field Microscope Integrated With a Smartphone.","authors":"Döne Sayarcan, Ahmet Biçer, Şima Şahinduran, Bülent Uluğ, Ahmet Cicek","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70490","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A portable, lightweight, and compact microscope was developed for rapid on-site identification of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, a major cause of diarrhoea in neonatal ruminants. Cryptosporidiosis is an infectious parasitic disease that causes diarrhoea, and rapid diagnosis plays a critical role in initiating timely treatment. A method for diagnosing cryptosporidiosis involves detecting oocysts excreted in faeces using a light microscope with an appropriate staining method. However, transporting samples to a laboratory often takes time, during which the animal's health may deteriorate. The developed portable microscope provides up to 1000x magnification, enabling the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis using the carbol fuchsin staining method. It is compatible with almost any smartphone and does not require additional digital or optical magnification. Through an integrated mobile telemedicine application, veterinarians can instantly consult specialists by transmitting patient information and images. Calibration tests have demonstrated that the system can generate high-resolution images of oocysts. This innovative microscope is a crucial tool for veterinarians working in the field, allowing for rapid detection of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, reducing neonatal calf mortality, and preventing the spread of infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 4","pages":"e70490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12271830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Supplementation of Cinnamaldehyde in Semen Extender to Improve the Post-Thaw Sperm Quality of Kajli Ram Semen.","authors":"Saima Qadeer, Asma Ashraf, Naila Perveen, Muhammad Asad, Asma Ul Husna, Asima Azam, Muhammad Umer Farooq, Abdullah S Alhomida, Haseeb A Khan","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70484","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cinnamaldehyde, a component of cinnamon bark extract, acts as a potential antioxidant by enhancing the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in various cell and animal models. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of cinnamaldehyde on the quality of Kajli ram sperm at 4°C and after freezing. Semen samples were obtained from 12 Kajli rams through an artificial vagina maintained at 42°C. Each ejaculate was divided into five aliquots and extended in a tris-citric acid extender with different concentrations of cinnamaldehyde (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0%). Post-thaw semen quality was assessed. These results showed that the extender containing 0.5% cinnamaldehyde exhibited significant protective effects (p < 0.05) on post-thaw sperm plasma membrane and sperm viability compared to the control and other experimental groups. In conclusion, supplementing the extender with 0.5% cinnamaldehyde effectively preserved the quality of post-thawed sperm from Kajli rams.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 4","pages":"e70484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12271829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Captive Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758) in Central Nepal.","authors":"Roshan Babu Adhikari, Madhuri Adhikari Dhakal, Purna Bahadur Ale, Ganga Ram Regmi, Tirth Raj Ghimire","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70310","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), despite their larger physical structure and strength, are often attacked by microorganisms, like gastrointestinal (GI) parasites, resulting in higher morbidity and mortality.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The current study aimed to determine the prevalence and diversity of GI parasites in the endangered Asiatic elephants reared in captivity in and around Chitwan National Park in Central Nepal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>With age and sex variants, 63 fresh faecal samples (N = 63) were collected non-invasively and transferred to the research laboratory for microscopic examination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings showed a 95.2% prevalence rate, along with 17 identified diverse species of GI parasites, including protozoa (6 spp.) and helminths (11 spp.) and two unknown species (1 protozoan and 1 helminth). The prevalence of protozoa (84.1%) was higher than that of helminths (77.8%). Female/cows and old-age elephants were reported to harbour a higher rate of parasites. Sharing overlapping niches with domestic and wild animals, irregular medication and the existence of critical stressors were speculated to be the major risks for parasitosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The captive elephant population in Central Nepal harbours a greater prevalence and huge diversity of GI parasites, most of which are implicated with serious pathological conditions and zoonotic potentiality. The presence of GI parasites must be considered a challenging threat. Thus, government bodies, non-governmental organizations, elephant owners and conservationists need to participate in strategic medication and seek measures to lessen the probable health risk for sustainable conservation and welfare of the endangered species in Nepal.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 3","pages":"e70310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Intensity and Associated Factors of Cysticercus tenuicollis in Small Ruminants in the Northwest Region of Cameroon.","authors":"Prudentia Yensi Lawan, Aziwo Tatanja Niba, Julius Awah-Ndukum","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70307","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cysticercus tenuicollis infection, which can cause production and economic losses in livestock, is neglected in most African countries, including Cameroon.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence, intensity and associated factors of C. tenuicollis in small ruminants in the Northwest region, Cameroon.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 1106 small ruminants (493 sheep; 613 goats) originating from divisions of the study region and destined for slaughter in Bamenda municipality were examined. Following slaughter, intensive meat inspections were performed to detect C. tenuicollis cysts based on standard procedures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the prevalence of C. tenuicollis was 34.36% (31.62%-37.21%), and no difference (χ² = 1.43, p = 0.23) was observed between goats (35.89% [32.19%-39.76%]) and sheep (32.45% [28.47%-36.70%]). C. tenuicollis cyst was prevalent in all divisions in the region and detected during the entire study period. Weight, body condition score, pregnancy and lactating status of females, origin of the animals and season were the major (p < 0.05) factors in goats and only age (p < 0.05) in sheep. C. tenuicollis cysts were predominant in the abdominal cavity (97.90%) (OR = 2477.79; 889.45-6902.46; p < 0.0001, χ² = 701.19) and mainly attached to the omentum (71.84%) (OR = 20.03; 13.53-29.66; p < 0.0001, χ² = 269.13) compared to the pelvic cavity and other organs, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study showed high prevalence and widespread distribution of C. tenuicollis infection in small ruminants and suggested that cysticercosis in small ruminants and its associated socio-economic implications for livestock production are neglected in Northwest Cameroon. Concerted veterinary-livestock farmer efforts, monitoring of infected small ruminant populations and regular parasite control in dogs in contact with small ruminants and prevention of contamination of pastures with T. hydatigena eggs by barring access of potential definitive hosts are essential for the control of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 3","pages":"e70307"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Polymorphisms of the CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 and CSN3 Genes and Milk Composition Traits in Holstein Cattle.","authors":"Ahmet Fatih Demirel, Bahattin Çak","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70334","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caseins are the major proteins found in cow's milk. There are four known casein fractions: α_S1-casein, α_S2-casein, β-casein and κ-casein, encoded by the CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 and CSN3 genes located on the sixth chromosome of cattle. These genes are considered candidate genes in marker-assisted selection. Therefore, it is essential to determine the relationship between these genes and quantitative characters.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to identify genotypes of CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 and CSN3 genes and investigate their effect on milk components with the PCR-RFLP method in Holstein cattle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The material of the study consisted of 519 Holstein cows that managed under intensive systems in Konya (n:189), Manisa (n:195) and Diyarbakır (n:135) provinces in Türkiye. Blood and milk samples from these cows were used in the study. The genetic structures of bovine CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 and CSN3 genes were examined by PCR-RFLP in three Holstein cattle populations. A general linear model (GLM) was applied to analyse the effect of genotypic variants on phenotypic characters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that milk solids-non-fat (SNF) (p < 0.01), protein (p < 0.05) and lactose (p < 0.01) percentages were significantly affected by the genetic variants of the CSN2 gene of cow in general population. CSN2 A2A2 genotype led to a significant increase in SNF, protein and lactose percentages by 0.14, 0.05 and 0.08 in comparison to other genotypes, respectively. Moreover, significant effect of the CSN1S1 BC (p < 0.05) and CSN3 AA (p < 0.01) genotypes on fat percentage were found in Konya province. Furthermore, a statistically significant genotype-by-environment interaction was identified in both the CSN1S1 (p < 0.05) and CSN3 (p < 0.01) genes in relation to milk fat content.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As a result, after increasing the number of studies that investigated the relationship between casein genes and milk traits and determined the genetic variation of CSN1S1, CSN2 and CSN3 genes of the Holstein cattle, these genes can be a strong genetic marker as marker-assisted selection programme in early selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 3","pages":"e70334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}