Veterinary Medicine and Science最新文献

{"title":"A Review on Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens: Mechanisms, Effects and Mitigation Strategies.","authors":"Maksuda Begum, Laura Musa, Guido Grilli, Dilşan Akçay, Md Golam Kibria, Mst Mayeeda Parvin, Sabiha Zarin Tasnim Bristi, Md Jisan Ahmed, Delower Hossain","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71219","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heat stress (HS) is a major environmental challenge for broilers, particularly under rising global temperatures and high humidity. Broiler chickens are highly susceptible because of their rapid growth rate, high metabolic heat production, limited thermoregulatory capacity and genetic selection for fast growth.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aims to synthesise current evidence, evaluate the effectiveness of existing mitigation strategies, identify key knowledge gaps and provide future research directions to improve broiler resilience, welfare and productivity under increasingly HS conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review synthesised evidence published between 2010 and 2025 on the physiological, metabolic, intestinal, immunological and productive consequences of HS and evaluated mitigation strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The reviewed studies demonstrate that HS reduces feed intake by approximately 10%-30%, suppresses body weight gain and feed efficiency and increases mortality, with severity depending on temperature, humidity and broiler genotype. HS disrupts carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism; induces acid-base imbalance and oxidative stress; compromises intestinal barrier integrity; alters gut microbiota; suppresses immune function; and reduces meat quality. Nutritional interventions, including dietary electrolyte balance, antioxidants, vitamins, selenium, zinc, phytogenic compounds, probiotics, betaine and optimised feeding strategies, environmental management and genetic approaches, including naked-neck and frizzle genes, can partially alleviate these adverse effects. However, inconsistencies among studies persist because of differences in broiler strains, environmental conditions, dietary formulations and experimental protocols.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HS substantially compromises broiler health, welfare, productivity and meat quality. Nutritional, environmental and genetic approaches can partially mitigate its adverse effects; however, further research is needed to improve broiler resilience under increasingly HS conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Haematological and Biochemical Responses of Goat Bucks to Range Grazing and Indoor Concentrate-Based Feeding Systems.","authors":"Selamu Abraham, Yisehak Kechero, Jane Wamatu","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71221","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Range grazing remains the principal feed resource for goats in smallholder production systems, particularly in regions where range grazing and intensive concentrate-based systems coexist. However, expanding cropland has reduced the availability of grazing lands and shifted production toward concentrate-based feeding systems.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the haematological and biochemical responses of goat bucks managed under range grazing and indoor concentrate-based feeding systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty yearling bucks (10 bucks/treatment) were randomly allocated to one of four 90-day feeding groups: range grazing (T1) or three treatments with roughage-to-concentrate ratios of: 60:40 (T2), 50:50 (T3) and 40:60 (T4) on a DM basis. Blood samples (10 mL/animal) were collected every fortnight via jugular vein from all bucks and were subjected to haematological and biochemical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bucks in T3 and T4 had significantly (p < 0.05) greater haemoglobin, red blood cell and packed cell volume compared to T1; nevertheless, the difference between T1 and T2 was not significant. Serum protein, albumin, glucose and testosterone concentrations were also higher in bucks fed concentrate diets (p < 0.05). White blood cells, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, the red blood cell distribution widths, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea and creatinine remained unaffected (p > 0.05). Calcium level was significantly higher in T4 than T1 (p < 0.05), while K, Na, Cl and P remained unchanged (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bucks kept indoors on concentrate-based diets showed better oxygen-carrying capacity, iron status, nitrogen balance and body protein reserves than bucks reared under range grazing.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13561853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trimester Specific Anatomical and Histological Characterization of Testicular Descent and Development in Sheep Foetuses.","authors":"Barış Can Güzel, Banu Kandil, Muhammet Zahid Atli, İhsan Işbilir, Oleksii O Melnyk, Fatma Işbilir","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71214","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the morphological, histological and ultrastructural characteristics of prenatal testicular development in male Hamdani crossbred sheep foetuses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 17 male foetuses with gestational ages ranging from 50 to 125 days were examined. Gestational age was estimated using crown-Rectum length (CRL) measurements and the foetuses were classified according to trimester. Macroscopic evaluations were performed to determine the position of the testes in relation to the abdominal cavity, inguinal canal and scrotum. Testicular length, width and weight were measured and statistically analysed. Histological examinations were conducted on paraffin sections stained with Crossmon's trichrome, while ultrastructural features were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Testicular descent was observed to begin around Day 50 of gestation and progressed toward the inguinal canal; however, complete descent into the scrotum had not occurred by Day 125. Morphometric measurements showed a significant increase in testicular size and weight with advancing gestational age. Histological findings revealed the progressive formation and organization of seminiferous tubules, the presence of Sertoli and Leydig cells, and the development of interstitial tissue. SEM observations provided detailed visualization of the surface architecture and cellular organization of the developing foetal testes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides a comprehensive developmental timeline of testicular organogenesis in Hamdani crossbred sheep foetuses. The findings contribute to the understanding of foetal reproductive biology and offer valuable anatomical data for comparative developmental studies and the evaluation of congenital testicular disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13561857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Modelling Methods Suggest That Grain-Free Diets Are Not Predictive of New Owner-Reported Cardiac Diagnoses Over Two Years in the Dog Aging Project, Despite Owner Misclassification of Diet.","authors":"Janice O'Brien, Morgan Bishop, M Katherine Tolbert, Audrey Ruple","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71213","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Grain-free diets have been potentially linked to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in several studies in dogs, although the underlying mechanisms for this potential link, if present, are unclear. Additionally, some studies have found no association between grain-free diets and DCM in dogs. Unfortunately, many of these studies were limited by the validity of owner-reported diet information. Furthermore, the effect of grain-free diets on other cardiac conditions in dogs is even less studied.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the validity of owner-reported grain-free diet status information, and to model the potential effect of grain-free diet exposures over the first several years of Dog Aging Project data collection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The validity of owner-reported grain-free status of the diet was evaluated by comparing owner-reported grain-free diet status to the ingredients. Several regression analyses were performed, accounting for likely confounding factors identified with a directed acyclic graph (DAG), to measure the effect of owner-reported grain-free diet status on all cardiac diagnoses. General linear mixed-effects models and general linear regression models were used with similar results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a large misclassification error in the diets reported to be grain-free. In spite of this, modelling methods anticipate that any bias introduced into an effect estimate would be very small. Several modelling methods failed to find a statistically significant association between grain-free status of the diet and any cardiac diagnosis. When including incident-only cases in a linear model with confounders, the odds ratio for the effect of grain-free diet status on any new cardiac diagnosis was 1.05 (0.91-1.21, p value 0.52), suggesting no effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggested that the potential effect of grain-free feeding on all owner-reported new diagnoses of any cardiac disease within this dataset is likely minimal or absent.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13581454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148983597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proliferative Sparganosis Due to Spirometra mansoni in a Dog: A Detailed Diagnostic Picture.","authors":"Stephanie Middlemast, Nicholas Lim, Charles G Gauci, Abdul Jabbar","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71206","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A young Blue Heeler presented for abdominal distension and weight gain, without a history of raw feeding or travel outside the western suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Abdominal ultrasound noted innumerable small anechoic oval cystic structures scattered throughout the peritoneal cavity and suspended in a large volume of echogenic peritoneal effusion. Subsequent diagnostics, including computed tomography, exploratory laparotomy, histopathology and molecular testing, confirmed the structures were Spirometra mansoni plerocercoids, and the patient was diagnosed with proliferative sparganosis. Despite treatment, the animal's health rapidly declined and was euthanised three weeks later. The postmortem revealed extensive diffuse severe granulomatous peritonitis with fibrinous adhesions throughout the peritoneal cavity. Proliferative sparganosis is a rare and devastating parasitic condition resulting from asexual replication of Spirometra spp. larvae within body cavities or organs. This article provides a detailed diagnostic picture of canine peritoneal proliferative sparganosis and is the first report describing the ultrasonographic findings of this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Antibiogram of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Bovine Mastitis in Bardaghat Municipality, Nepal.","authors":"Biswash Ghimire, Shambhu Shah, Akash Adhikari, Sujan Adhikari, Asmita Regmi, Sirjan Bastola","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71204","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mastitis in dairy animals is a major economic and public health concern in Nepal, exacerbated by the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine milk in Bardaghat Municipality, Nepal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A cross-sectional survey screened 196 milk samples from lactating cows and buffaloes using the California Mastitis Test (CMT). The overall prevalence of S. aureus was 39.79%. Strikingly, 100.00% of isolates exhibited resistance to oxacillin, indicating the widespread presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Moreover, 25.64% of isolates were multidrug-resistant (resistant to n 3 antibiotic classes), and 18% had a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index > 0.2. No statistically significant associations were found between the prevalence of S. aureus and evaluated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore an urgent need for improved mastitis management, including routine bacterial screening, judicious antibiotic use and public health measures to mitigate transmission of resistant S. aureus to humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Multi-Strain Probiotics, Zinc and Copper on the Performance of Broiler Chickens Challenged With Clostridium perfringens.","authors":"Amin Kazemi, Hassan Kermanshahi, Reza Majidzahe Heravi, Gholamreza Salehi Jouzani, Ali Javadmanesh","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71176","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clostridium perfringens infection is a major cause of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens, leading to impaired growth performance and intestinal health. Nutritional strategies, such as probiotics and chelated trace minerals, may help mitigate these adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the effects of multi-strain probiotics and chelated forms of zinc and copper on the performance, gut health and physiological responses of broiler chickens challenged with C. perfringens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A completely randomized design with six treatments involving 390 male broiler chickens was used. Treatments included (1) control, (2) control + challenge with C. perfringens, (3) challenge + selected probiotic strains, (4) challenge + chelated zinc, (5) challenge + chelated copper and (6) challenge + a combination of probiotics, zinc and copper. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, gut histomorphology, ileal pH, microbial populations, blood biochemical parameters and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>C. perfringens infection significantly (p < 0.05) impaired growth performance and gut health, as evidenced by reduced body weight gain, poorer feed conversion ratio and alterations in intestinal morphology. Probiotic supplementation significantly improved growth performance, indicated by higher body weight at Days 1-10 (p = 0.048) and 1-21 (p = 0.020). It also enhanced intestinal morphology, including increased villus height and villus width (p < 0.05), and modulated gut microbial balance in the ileum by increasing Bacillus counts (p = 0.004) and decreasing C. perfringens populations (p < 0.001). Furthermore, dietary supplementation with probiotics, chelated zinc and chelated copper, individually or in combination, mitigated the adverse effects of infection by improving growth performance, supporting gut integrity and enhancing antioxidant status, as indicated by reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Supplementation with probiotics and chelated zinc during necrotic enteritis challenge can serve as an effective nutritional strategy to alleviate the detrimental effects of C. perfringens infection and improve intestinal health in broiler chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13589799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Treatment of Mycobacterium caprae Infection in Two UK Cats.","authors":"Emily Clark, Danielle Gunn-Moore, Conor O'Halloran","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71180","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 4-year-old, male-neutered Savannah cat (Case 1) and a 3-year-old female-neutered British shorthair cat (Case 2) were each investigated for chronic coughing, lethargy and weight loss. Thoracic imaging revealed diffuse broncho-interstitial changes and multifocal soft-tissue nodules (Case 1), and two cavitating masses in the left lung (Case 2). Bronchoalveolar lavage cytology (BAL) in both cases identified macrophagic inflammation with acid-fast bacilli and was culture (Case 1) or PCR (Case 2) positive for Mycobacterium caprae. The cats were treated with 11 months (Case 1) and 9 months (Case 2) of triple antimicrobial therapy comprising pradofloxacin (5 mg/kg orally once every 24 h), rifampicin (10 mg/kg orally once every 24 h) and azithromycin (15 mg/kg orally once every 24 h). Both made complete clinical recoveries and radiographic improvement in the thoracic changes were static for 2 months prior to cessation of therapy. Both cats remain clinically well 12 and 10 months after cessation of treatment, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Supplementing Semen Extenders With Spirulina platensis Extract on Post-Thaw Ram Sperm Quality.","authors":"Kimia Jaberi, Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi, Ali Forouharmehr","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71186","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71186","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Supplementation of semen extender with natural antioxidants represents a promising strategy to mitigate cryopreservation-induced damage in ram spermatozoa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This study evaluated the dose-dependent effects of Spirulina platensis extract (0-70 µg/mL) supplemented to Tris-based extenders on post-thaw sperm quality in Lori rams.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Semen was collected twice weekly over a four-week period (eight replicates) from four mature rams using an artificial vagina. On each collection day, ejaculates meeting the acceptable criteria were pooled and extended in a Tris-based diluent containing 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, or 70 µg/mL of Spirulina extract, designated as Spir-0 through Spir-70, respectively. All samples were equilibrated at 5°C for 3 h, then cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen and subsequently thawed in a 37°C water bath for 30 s. Post-thaw sperm quality was comprehensively assessed for motility (using CASA), viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), DNA denaturation (via AO), and oxidative biomarkers, including malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;), and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]). Data were analysed using a completely randomised design with one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's HSD post-hoc test, with statistical significance set at P &lt; 0.05.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Supplementation at the concentration of 50 µg/mL Spirulina extract (Spir-50) yielded the highest post-thaw total (TM; 50.23%) and progressive motility (PM; 33.0%), as compared to the control (TM; 32.30%; PM; 18.8%). Moreover, this concentration significantly enhanced viability (59.16%), plasma membrane functionality (56.95%), and the proportion of spermatozoa exhibiting high mitochondrial membrane potential (hMMP; 54.5%). In addition, Spir-50 markedly increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity (35.49 vs. 23.73 mU/mL in control) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (213.07 vs. 190.74 U/mL in control), along with total antioxidant capacity (TAC; 4.53 µmol/L vs. 3.34 µmol/L in control). Conversely, this treatment substantially reduced malondialdehyde (MDA; 2.60 nmol/mL vs. 7.69 nmol/mL in control), DNA denaturation (2.87% vs. 6.67% in control), and hydrogen peroxide levels (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;; 16.4% vs. 27.7% in control).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Supplementation with the concentration of 50 µg/mL Spirulina extract exhibited the most effective cryoprotective effects among the tested concentrations by improving sperm motility, viability, membrane and DNA integrity, mitochondrial function, and endogenous antioxidant defences, while attenuating lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. These findings support the incorporation of Spirulina extract in Tris-based extenders to improve post-thaw ram sperm quality","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13618925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Vitamin and Mineral Combinations on Production Performance and Immune Response in Pigeons.","authors":"Jesmin Mahmood, Tayeaba Jannat, Maksuda Begum, Md Anowarul Haque Beg, Md Jisan Ahmed, Md Abdul Masum","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71164","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pigeon farming represents an important component of the poultry sector in Bangladesh; however, productivity is frequently constrained by infectious diseases, particularly Newcastle disease (ND).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with different vitamin and mineral combinations on production performance and humoral immune response to ND vaccination in adult pigeons.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen pairs of 3-month-old Gola pigeons were randomly assigned to four groups: T0 (basal diet, unvaccinated control), T1 (basal diet supplemented with vitamins A, D and E and selenium), T2 (basal diet supplemented with vitamin B-complex) and T3 (basal diet supplemented with vitamins A, D, E and B-complex and selenium). Birds in T1, T2 and T3 were vaccinated against ND, whereas the control group remained unvaccinated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Body weight, feed intake and egg weight were not significantly affected by treatments (p > 0.05). However, feed conversion ratio and egg production differed significantly (p < 0.05), with higher egg production observed in T1. Hemagglutination inhibition antibody titres differed significantly among groups (p < 0.05), with the highest titre observed in the T1 group (272 ± 16). Most immune organ weights were unaffected, although thymus length and width increased significantly following supplementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dietary supplementation with vitamins and selenium had limited effects on growth performance in adult pigeons. However, supplementation with vitamins A, D and E and selenium was associated with improved egg production and enhanced the humoral immune response to ND vaccination. These findings suggest that targeted vitamin-mineral supplementation may be beneficial for improving reproductive performance and vaccine-induced immunity in pigeons.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13577811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}