Veterinary Medicine and Science最新文献

{"title":"The Milk Compositions and Blood Parameters of Lactating Dezhou Donkeys Changes With Lactation Stages.","authors":"Miaomiao Zhou, Zongjie Ma, Xinyi Du, Changfa Wang, Guiqin Liu","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in milk compositions and blood parameters of Dezhou donkeys during the lactation. Milk and serum samples from six lactating Dezhou donkeys were collected at 1, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days of lactation. The results displayed that the milk yield during the lactation first increased and then gradually decreased, with the peak milk production period of 30-60 days after parturition. Compared with other lactation stages, milk fat, milk protein, milk solids and solids non-fat (SNF) were higher in early lactation (p < 0.05). Conversely, the milk of late lactation stage had a higher lactose content (p < 0.05); The mineral elements content in donkey milk decreased with the prolongation of lactation period (p < 0.05); The blood serum prolactin (PRL), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TG), triglyceride (TC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were higher in early lactation stage (p < 0.05), similar to changes in milk compositions during lactation. The correlation analysis results showed that the milk yield was positively correlated with PRL, IGF-1 and ALP, and negatively correlated with ALB (p < 0.05); the milk composition, such as milk fat, protein, solids and SNF were positively correlated with blood GLU, LDH, TP, ALB, TC, TG, HDL and LDL (p < 0.05). The above results indicated that the lactation stage had significant effects on milk production, milk composition, blood biochemical indicators and hormone of lactating donkeys. This study investigated the changes of Dezhou donkeys' milk performance and blood parameters with lactation stages for the first time, which may contribute to the exploration of the nutritional value of donkey milk and provide theoretical support for the nutritional regulation and utilisation of donkey milk.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 2","pages":"e70269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Ticks and Tick-Borne Hemopathogens of Cattle in Two Selected Districts of Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Aschalew Shitu Yenew, Shimelis Dagnachew Nigatu, Zewdu Seyoum, Mersha Chanie","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70293","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ticks and tick-borne haemopathogens are major obstacles to cattle production causing significant economic losses in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiology of ticks and tick-borne haemopathogens in cattle in Northwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional studies were conducted in dry and short rainy seasons. A stratified random sampling technique was employed. Accordingly, a total of 392 cattle were examined. During sampling parameters like; sex, age, breed, body condition score, district and production system were recorded for each animal. Ticks were collected from each animal and examined under stereomicroscope for species identification. The blood sample was taken from the ear vein by pricking with a lancet and then thin smear was made with a frosted microscopic slide and stained with Giemsa for the detection of haemopathogen infections with 100× oil immersion magnification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 392 cattle examined, 87.8% and 17.1% were positive for tick infestation and tick-borne haemopathogens, respectively. The prevalence of tick and tick-borne haemopathogens was 93.9% and 27% in the short rainy season and 81.6% and 7.1% in the dry season, respectively. Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) genera, and A. variegatum, A. lepidum, Rh. evertsi, Hy. rufipes and Rh. (B.) decoloratus species were identified. Rhipicephalus (B.) decoloratus was the most prevalent (66.1%) and abundant (38%) tick species. Season, district, age and sex showed significant (p < 0.05) associations with tick infestations. Babesia bigemina (10%), Anaplasma marginale (5.4%), Theileria species (3.1%) and Anaplasma centrale (1.3%) haemopopathogens were detected. Except, for Anaplasma central, they had a significant (p < 0.05) association with season.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ticks and tick-borne haemopathogens were found to be prevalent and had seasonal dynamics. Therefore, strategic and integrated control approaches against the vector and the parasite should be designed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 2","pages":"e70293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11875066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Spotlight on Archaea in Humans, Livestock and Poultry: A Review.","authors":"Ahmad Salahi, Wafaa A Abd El-Ghany","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70263","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microbiota includes prokaryotes (archaea and bacteria) and eukaryotes. Archaea are single-celled prokaryotes and essential part of gut microbiome. Researches on archaea in ruminants and humans are more than mono-gastric. The low abundance of archaea in the gut depends on the method used (metagenomics or meta-transcriptomic) and age of people or poultry. The lack of complete recognition of archaea is due to their small number and method of identifying them (16S rRNA gene primers). The uses of archaea include analytical kit, reduce oil pollution, archaeosomes or drugs production, vaccines agents, lipid carriers in the pharmaceutical industry and molybdenum extraction in the nuclear industry. The nutritional functions of methanogenic archaea including feed utilization (ruminants) and efficiency, hydrogen reducing (human), fat deposition and enhancement of energy harvesting in mice, CAZymes genes, cecal fermentation, syntrophic potential, carotenoid source and improved transit time and appetite and SCFAs production. Archaea acting as antibiotics (produce archaeocins, sulfolobicins and halocin KPS1) and as probiotics (archaeobiotics) can reduce TMAU (trimethylaminuria) disease, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and atherosclerosis, brain abscess, cancer, colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), constipation, obesity, food allergies, asthma and anti-inflammation which can be prevented by using archaea, and other functions include energy homeostasis, heat shock protein (HSP) production and reducing aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 2","pages":"e70263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11875071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Effect of Synbiotic Diet on Haematological and Oxidative Indexes Changes in Male Dogs.","authors":"Amir Muhammad Armian, Hadi Pourjafar, Mehrdad Neshat Gharamaleki","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70290","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Synbiotic products are functional foods/feeds that contain both probiotic and prebiotic strains and have health-promoting effects beyond those of probiotics or prebiotics alone.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of synbiotic feed containing the probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 (10¹² cfu/g) and inulin (5%) on changes in haematological and oxidative serum indices in male dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve male dogs in two groups of six were included in the study. In addition to the basic feed, the dogs in the treatment group also received the synbiotic supplement at 5% in each of their three meals during 29 days. Then, on Day 0 and Day 29, the amount of malondialdehyde was measured based on thiobarbituric acid, and glutathione peroxidase activity and the amount of total serum antioxidants was also measured with the Randox kit; the obtained data were statistically analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that white blood cells increased (from 10.28 ± 2.89 to 16.48 ± 7.59 [p = 0.138]) and red blood cells decreased (from 6.492 ± 0.64 to 5.92 ± 1.14 [p = 0.461]) in the treatment group, but these changes were not significant. In the treatment group, it was found that synbiotic food has a significant effect on the increase of MCH (from 24.32 ± 0.93 to 26.30 ± 1.04 pg [p = 0.003]) and MCHC (from 33.24 ± 0.32 to 36.58 ± 0.72 g/dL [p < 0.001]), but it does not have a significant effect on the decrease or increase of other haematological factors. Also, significant reductions in the amount of malondialdehyde (from 3.2 ± 1.05 to 1.35 ± 1.05 µmol/L [p = 0.015]) and increases in the number of total serum antioxidants (from 0.27 ± 0.06 to 0.42 ± 0.09 mmol/L [p = 0.035]) were obtained in the treatment group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It concluded that the consumption of synbiotic feed (L. acidophilus + inulin, at the rate of 5%) in male dogs may reduce and prevent oxidative stress, adjust side effects and prevent some disorders. In any case, many studies are needed to definitively prove these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 2","pages":"e70290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11875068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Lamb Vaccination Against Echinococcosis on the Scale of Livestock Farming in Northwestern China.","authors":"Bingxin Liu, Qihui Chen, Jinshan Cai, Jing Li, Yumei Liu","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70273","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Echinococcosis (also known as 'hydatidosis' or 'hydatid disease') is a severe zoonotic disease that poses threats to human and animal health and significantly impacts livestock production, which may lead to declines in both the quantity and quality of animal products and result in economic losses. Lamb vaccination against echinococcosis is considered an effective method for controlling the transmission of echinococcosis in the intermediate host-sheep, thereby disrupting the disease's transmission chain, and thus a crucial strategy for preventing and controlling echinococcosis. Based on field survey data on 581 households collected from 11 counties of China's Qinghai Province, this study evaluated the impact of lamb vaccination against echinococcosis on livestock farming scale using a staggered difference-in-differences method. The results show that on average, households that received lamb vaccination from their county as part of the 'Action Plan for Echinococcosis Prevention and Control in Qinghai Province (2016-2020)' had a livestock farming scale of 52.09 heads (or 36%) higher than those that did not receive lamb vaccination. This effect likely works through reductions in cattle and sheep mortality and culling numbers. A simple accounting analysis suggested that the increase in livestock farming scale can translate into a profit of 26,500 yuan (≈3938 US dollars at 2022 prices), although this impact has a short-term lag and is limited in duration. While these findings may not apply to all livestock households in China, they suggest that developing area-specific lamb vaccination programs, increasing lamb vaccination rates, and ensuring timely vaccinations are crucial for enhancing livestock farming scale in echinococcosis endemic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 2","pages":"e70273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11875069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Mannitol on Left Atrial Pressure in Dogs With Mitral Regurgitation.","authors":"Jingya Yao, Takuma Aoki","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70274","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mannitol has been proven effective in treating cerebral oedema, owing to its osmotic diuretic effect. However, its potential to transiently increase plasma volume raises uncertainties about its impact on dogs with mitral avalve insufficiency.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of mannitol on haemodynamics and cardiac load in dogs with experimentally induced mitral regurgitation (MR), with a particular focus on the potential adverse effects of high doses of mannitol.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used implantable telemetry to monitor MR dogs for 12 consecutive hours, recording and comparing the dynamic changes in their mean left atrial pressure (mLAP) and heart rate at different doses of mannitol (low [0.5 g/kg], medium [1 g/kg] and high [2 g/kg]).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with that in the control group, the low- and medium-dose groups demonstrated a proclivity towards increased mLAP after administration, but without statistical significance. The high-dose group exhibited an immediate increase in the mLAP after administration (p < 0.001), followed by a gradual return to baseline 1 h later.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides crucial reference data for the use of mannitol in treating MR. It is particularly important to exercise caution when administering high doses of mannitol to dogs with advanced stages of MR.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 2","pages":"e70274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Examination of Visitor and Tiger Activity Between Two Zoo Tiger Groups.","authors":"Chaonan Li, Zahrah Alostad, Chad Crittle, Eduardo J Fernandez","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70286","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) are currently listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. In modern zoos, the need to balance the welfare of tigers while maintaining visitor interest presents a significant challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the behaviour of five Sumatran tigers housed in two separate groups and habitat areas (male housed alone; female with three cubs), as well as in relation to visitor crowd size and sound intensity (dB) near the habitats. Five categories of behaviour (active, inactive, social, repetitive and other) were observed and analysed. The most frequent behaviour observed for all tigers was inactivity. The only significant differences in tiger behaviours observed were lower social behaviours in the male tiger housed alone compared to both the female tiger and the cubs. Sound intensity, which was measured in the public viewing area and was positively correlated with crowd size, was significantly louder near the female and cub habitat area compared to the male alone habitat area. A near significant larger crowd size for the female/cub habitat area was observed as well. Crowd size and sound intensity were positively correlated for both tiger groups/habitats, as was crowd size and repetitive behaviours for both the female tiger and the cubs. Results are discussed in the context of animal welfare of captive Sumatran tigers, as well as the promotion of the coexistence of captive tigers and zoo visitors in a manner that supports visitor education/entertainment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 2","pages":"e70286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11869562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the Expression of Some Genes With Metabolic, VLDL and Antioxidative Effects After the Addition of Essential Oil Mixture to Drinking Water in the Liver of Domestic Geese (Anser anser Domesticus).","authors":"Özlem Durna, Mustafa Hitit, Zafer Usta, Gültekin Yildiz","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70285","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies have shown that essential oils not only increase cell viability but also affect lipid metabolism in mammals. However, the extent to which these effects are realized in goose liver has not yet been fully elucidated. The object of research is to investigate the effects of four essential oil mixtures (juniper oil, mint oil, thyme oil, rosemary oil) on lipid metabolic gene expressions in goose. We measured mRNA levels of metabolic genes (ACSBG2, ELOVL1, ELOVL2, CYP2Cl9, CYP2K1), antioxidative gene (SOD1) and very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL) synthesis genes (APOB, FOXO1, MTTP), in goose (Anser anser) liver. Search groups were formed as C (control; no additives), EK1 (0.4 mL/L essential oil mixture supplemented) and EK2 (0.8 mL/L essential oil mixture supplemented). The relative expression levels of genes in the liver were measured using RT-qPCR. β-Actin was used as reference gene control for normalization of qPCR data. As a result, essential oil supplementation downregulated metabolic genes compared to the control group. APOB gene among VLDL genes was significantly downregulated. Antioxidative effect gene was downregulated in parallel with the others. This indicates that essential oil intake with drinking water downregulates the genes involved in lipid metabolism in goose liver. Our data show that essential oils have a significant effect on the regulation of genes and pathways involved in hepatic lipid metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 2","pages":"e70285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11875063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovarian Pedicle Local Analgesia in Midline versus Flank Cat Ovariectomy.","authors":"Alice Carbonari, Antonio Di Bello, Edoardo Lillo, Francesco Caprio, Matteo Burgio, Vincenzo Cicirelli, Raffaele Luigi Sciorsci, Annalisa Rizzo","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70095","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to assess perioperative pain in cats subjected to ovariectomy, performed with a midline or flank approach, receiving a lidocaine splash on each ovarian pedicle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty female cats were divided into two groups: flank group (F), made up of 40 subjects ovariectomised using the flank approach, and the midline group (M), which consisted of 40 subjects using the midline approach. Each group was divided into two subgroups: the local anaesthesia group (L), consisting of 20 cats belonging to group F (LF) and 20 cats belonging to group M (LM), which received a splash of lidocaine (4 mg/kg) diluted in 0.5 mL/kg of saline solution on the ovarian pedicles before their ligation, and the control group (C), consisting of 20 cats belonging to group F (CF) and 20 cats belonging to group M (CM), which received the same splash using saline solution. Heart rate, respiratory rate and systolic blood pressure were monitored to assess intraoperative nociception response. An operator assigned postoperative pain scores following the Glasgow scale revised composite measure pain scale feline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intraoperative HR and SBP and postoperative pain scores were higher in the control groups. The number of patients requiring rescue analgesia was higher in the control groups. In the midline approach, HR and SBP increased significantly during exteriorisation of both ovaries, while in the flank approach, this occurred predominantly during exteriorisation of the second ovary.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Concurred use of local and systemic analgesia in cats undergoing flank or midline ovariectomy may reduce intraoperative nociception and postoperative pain and reduce the need for rescue analgesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 2","pages":"e70095"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11855374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Leptospirosis Outbreak in Cattle: A Case Report.","authors":"Gustavo Paixão, Sofia Botelho-Fontela, Filipe Gandra, Joana Reis","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leptospirosis is a globally distributed re-emerging zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira species. In cattle, the clinical course varies from a subclinical-chronic infection, commonly found in adult animals, to a severe acute syndrome mostly found in calves. The present study reports an outbreak of acute leptospirosis, following favourable climacteric conditions. Seven affected farms were monitored. Clinical observations from infected animals (n = 30) revealed two distinct patterns: lactating calves experienced hyperacute courses, often culminating in death, and older animals, mainly steers, displayed signs of apathy, anorexia, icterus and haemoglobinuria. Necropsies confirmed jaundice and haemoglobinuria, aligning with a presumptive diagnosis of leptospirosis. Haematology and serology results further supported this diagnosis. Pomona and Mozdok serovars were the most prevalent (62.5%) and had the highest mean agglutination titres, 1:1160 and 1:700, respectively. Antimicrobial treatment of sick animals consisted of oxytetracycline. Chemical metaphylaxis and prophylactic measures were established to control the outbreak in cohabiting animals. Environmental factors like climate change are expected to contribute to more frequent leptospirosis outbreaks. Comprehensive serological surveys are recommended to develop region-specific control measures, emphasising the importance of vaccination as a practical and effective prophylactic measure.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 2","pages":"e70206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}