Veterinary Medicine and Science最新文献

{"title":"Blue‒Green Neutrophilic Inclusions in a Cat With Severe Hepatocellular Injury.","authors":"Zynia R Alvarez, Kimberly M Demos-Davies, Ian M Hubbard, Davis M Seelig, Angela D Gwynn","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71211","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 5-year-old female spayed domestic long-haired cat presented with fever, lethargy and inappetence. Haematologic evaluation revealed mild neutrophilia with a regenerative left shift and moderate thrombocytopenia. A review of a peripheral blood smear identified a moderate number of blue‒green neutrophilic inclusions. Further characterisation revealed that these inclusions exhibited broad-spectrum autofluorescence, were negative for Prussian blue staining, and were positive for Sudan Black staining. Biochemical analysis demonstrated severe acute hepatocellular injury characterised by markedly increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities with mild hyperbilirubinemia. Following hospitalisation and supportive care, the cat showed clinical improvement. The cat was alive on Day 279 follow-up with normal ALT and AST values.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scoping Review: The Effect of Anthropogenic Noise on Animal Welfare in Zoological Settings.","authors":"Tamara N Kruse, Mark Flint","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71197","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With zoological institutions placing greater emphasis on improving animal welfare, there has been more research studying the impact of animal welfare, including correlation with increased visitors. Some studies focus on the total effect of visitor presence and behaviours impacted, whereas others highlight how noise from visitors and other events impacts animal behaviour and welfare. This scoping review was conducted to determine the impact of anthropogenic noise on animal welfare in zoological settings and identify knowledge gaps. Starting with an initial pool of 1608 articles, almost all publications in this review (n = 31) were published from 2014 to 2025, indicating the area is still a niche to be further explored. Most studies focused on mammalian species (n = 22, particularly non-human primates), followed by avian species (n = 14) and reptiles (n = 3). Increased vigilance was the most common behaviour documented (n = 9). Thirteen publications suspected a negative welfare impact, while the remaining publications either found no substantial impact, could not determine impact, or did not address welfare directly. Fourteen publications recommended improving public education, sound barriers or increasing animals' ability to choose a different location. Certain species and taxa, such as teleosts and reptiles in glass enclosures, lack representative studies on how anthropogenic noise affects their welfare. Further research that focuses on understanding the impact of noise on animal wellbeing could educate the public, allow restructure of habitats to accommodate animal needs and inform welfare assessments, which all can improve the welfare of animals in zoological settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological Cross-Reactivity and Neutralizing Efficacy of Antivenom Against Five Medically Important Iranian Viper Venoms.","authors":"Sedigheh Khamehchian, Fatemeh Tahoori, Hadi Rabie, Nafiseh Nasri Nasrabadi, Majid Tebianian","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71193","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antivenom efficacy relies on the venom antigen composition and the range of antibody cross-reactivity. This research compared the biochemical profiles of five medically relevant Iranian vipers, Gloydius caucasicus, Pseudocerastes persicus, Montivipera raddei, Echis carinatus, and Macrovipera lebetina, and compared the cross-reactivity and neutralisation efficacy of laboratory-prepared monovalent.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Venom was characterised using SDS-PAGE and reverse-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC). Monovalent antisera were raised in rabbits against each species, and a separate group was immunised with a mixture of all five venoms to produce a polyvalent antivenom. Indirect ELISA quantified homologous and heterologous binding, and in vivo assays assessed neutralisation efficacy against both homologous and heterologous venoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the five viper species studied, G. caucasicus venom was the most toxic and that of P. persicus the least. Under non-reducing SDS-PAGE, all venoms displayed three main protein bands of approximately 20 kDa, 50 kDa and 130-150 kDa with variable intensities. Following reduction, an intense ∼15 kDa band appeared in all the samples. RP-HPLC revealed nearly identical, simple chromatograms for E. carinatus and M. raddei, a more diverse profile for M. lebetina, moderate complexity for G. caucasicus, and a distinct hydrophilic peak for P. persicus. Monovalent antivenoms showed strongest binding to homologous venoms but variable heterologous cross-reactivity, with M. raddei and P. persicus exhibiting the broadest spectra and G. caucasicus the narrowest, while the polyvalent antivenom bound broadly across all species. The antivenoms against M. lebetina and M. raddei neutralised P. persicus venom at 1.17 mg/mL and 1.07 mg/mL, respectively, while P. persicus antivenom neutralised M. raddei (0.49 mg/mL) and E. carinatus (0.66 mg/mL). G. caucasicus antivenom was only effective against its homologous venom.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated general patterns among Iranian viper venoms, but variable LD₅₀ values and protein compositions determine the efficiency of antivenom. Efficient neutralisation was indicated by the polyspecific antivenom in all venoms, outlining its efficacy and viability as a local antivenom control method.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection, Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Babesia microti Infecting Wild Rodents.","authors":"Hafiza Misbah Munir, Muhammad Naeem, Maryam Ijaz, Shakir Ullah, Muhammad Usman, Zaki Ur Rehman Nasir, Adil Khan, Khalid S Almaary, Amir Bouallegue, Atrsaw Asrat Mengistie, Furhan Iqbal","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71196","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rodents are considered an important natural reservoir of many zoonotic infectious agents, including parasitic Apicomplexa. To assess the potential risk of rodent-borne parasitic protozoa in Pakistan, the present study was designed to determine the molecular prevalence and phylogenetic characteristics of Babesia microti in blood samples collected from Rattus rattus (N = 137), Mus musculus (N = 67) and Rattus norvegicus (N = 80).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rodents were trapped from seven districts of Pakistan between October 2023 and September 2024. PCR amplified a 238 bp fragment from the 18S rRNA gene of B. microti in 35 out of 284 (12%) of the screened rats and mice. DNA sequencing, BLAST and phylogenetic analysis were performed to confirm the presence and the phylogenetic similarity of the isolates. Complete blood counts were also analysed to evaluate haematological changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All three rodent species were found infected with this parasite but no significant association was observed between infection status and rodent sex or species. Statistical analysis showed that the prevalence of B. microti in R. norvegicus differed significantly between the sampling sites (p = 0.01), ranging from 0% in Buner, Dera Ghazi Khan and Rajanpur to 42% in Sargodha. DNA sequencing and BLAST analysis confirmed the presence of B. microti in rodent blood samples, with 100% sequence similarity to GenBank reference sequences. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Pakistani isolates were genetically similar and clustered with the 18S rRNA nucleotide sequences that were isolated from rodents in France, Russia and Japan. B. microti-infected rodents had disturbed total white and red blood cell counts and associated parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, we are reporting a moderate prevalence of B. microti in three wild Pakistani rodent species for the very first time. Further epidemiological studies are required to evaluate the potential zoonotic risk posed by B. microti-infected rodents in Pakistan.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and Immunohistochemical Analyses of PLIN4 in the Spinal Cord and Brain During the Development of Electroacupuncture-Induced Analgesic Tolerance in Mice.","authors":"Shao-Jia Jiang, Shi-Ya Cao, Ming-Fei Fan, Hao Li, Rui-Ling Yin, Qiang-Hui Lei, Sha Nan, Hao-Long Wang, Zi-Hui Cai, Ya-Ya Jiao, Fei Huang, Yi Ding, Xiao-Shu Zhou, Xin-Yue Chai","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71220","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Electroacupuncture (EA) is an important non-pharmacological approach for pain management in veterinary and human medicine. However, electroacupuncture-induced analgesic tolerance (EAT) limits its long-term efficacy, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Perilipin 4 (Plin4) is a lipid droplet-associated protein involved in lipid storage, lipid droplet dynamics, and cellular lipid homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that it also plays a role in neuronal lipid metabolic changes and pain modulation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the role of Plin4 in the development of EAT and explore its potential as a molecular target for attenuating this limitation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>EAT was induced in male mice by daily 100 Hz EA stimulation for 7 consecutive days. Plin4 expression levels in the amygdala, periaqueductal grey, and spinal cord were examined, and immunofluorescence was used to determine cellular localization. The functional role of Plin4 was assessed by intrathecal Plin4 knockdown in mice and by Plin4 overexpression or knockdown in N2a cells. A total of 99 male mice were used in the primary experiments, with an additional 24 mice used for siRNA knockdown validation in the Supporting Information.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Repeated EA induced analgesic tolerance and markedly upregulated Plin4 in the spinal cord, amygdala, and periaqueductal grey. In the spinal cord, increased Plin4 was mainly localized to spinal cord dorsal horn neurons. Intrathecal Plin4 knockdown delayed EAT onset and increased the pain threshold. In N2a cells, Plin4 expression was positively associated with lipid droplet formation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Spinal neuronal Plin4 contributes to the development of EA-induced analgesic tolerance, possibly by altering neuronal lipid homeostasis. Plin4 may represent a potential molecular target for attenuating tolerance, prolonging EA-induced analgesia, and optimizing EA-based pain management strategies in veterinary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13577833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Hygienic Practices of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Raw Meat, Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia.","authors":"Wogayehu Asefa, Habtamu Tassew, Tiliksew Bialfew, Esayas Gelaye, Bizuneh Tsehayneh Azene","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71246","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Escherichia coli O157: H7 is a globally important zoonotic pathogen responsible for the majority of severe cases of human enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) disease. The transmission of this pathogen is exacerbated in Ethiopia due to the common habit of consuming raw and/or undercooked meat.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was conducted to isolate E. coli O157:H7, detect virulence genes, and assess the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolates recovered from ready-to-eat raw meat (kurt) sold in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional study design with a simple random sampling technique was employed to collect questionnaire data and raw meat samples from butcher houses. A total of 74 meat samples were collected and processed using standard microbiological methods, and genomic DNA from positive isolates was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All data collected during the study period were coded and entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using STATA version 12.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 74 examined samples, E. coli O157:H7 was detected in 21 (28.4%). Out of 21 isolates, 10 (47.6%) carried at least one of the investigated virulence genes, with detection rates of 100% for the stx1 and 70% for the eaeA genes. Only 16.2% of meat handlers had received training on safe food handling. Lack of training was associated with higher odds of E. coli O157:H7 contamination (AOR = 0.16, p = 0.028). The presence of E. coli O157:H7 was also significantly associated with the practice of workers collecting money from the customers while cutting meat (AOR [95% CI] = 3.7 [1.01-11.48]). Antibiotic profiling showed that the resistance rate ranged from 4.8% to 33.3%. About six (28.6%) isolates were resistant to two antimicrobial agents, amoxicillin and chloramphenicol.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The detection of E. coli O157:H7 in nearly one-third of the samples and the occurrence of virulence genes in half of the isolates indicate the potential risk of foodborne infection in the study area. Therefore, food safety awareness and training for meat handlers should be encouraged to reduce the spread of this pathogen in Bahir Dar City.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13602163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotyping and Seroprevalence Estimation of Pasteurellosis in Ovine and Caprine in Selected Districts of Afar Region, Ethiopia.","authors":"Teshager Dubie, Biniam Abera, Muhammed Hamid, Tesfaw Molla, Gizachew Fentahun, Fanuel Bizuayehu Yihunie, Wossene Negash, Sadam Mohammed, Bereket Desalegn","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71178","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite a widespread periodic vaccination with inactivated Pasteurella multocida biotype A is usually practiced, pasteurellosis is among the most prioritized infectious diseases of small ruminant that causes huge economical loss through reduced productivity and death.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with the objective of serotype identification and seroprevalence estimation of ovine and caprine pasteurellosis in selected districts of Afar region, Ethiopia, from December 2021 to June 2023. A total of 293 serum samples were collected using multistage sampling approach. Based on the selection of the study districts, individual animals were randomly selected for sample collection from apparently healthy sheep and goats. The samples were analyzed using the indirect haemagglutination test (IHAT) for serotyping and overall seroprevalence estimation. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square (χ²) test were employed to estimate the seroprevalence and assess the associated factors of ovine and caprine pasteurellosis in the study areas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the present study, the estimated overall seroprevalence of pasteurellosis in small ruminant was found to be 97.61% (n = 286/293; 95% CI: 95-100), of which 98.11% of the sheep (156/159) and 97.01% (130/134) of the goats tested positive for Pasteurella infection. Moreover, four serotypes of Pasteurella (A1, A2, A7 of Pasteurella haemolytica and serotype A of Pasteurella multocida) were serotyped, and 89.16% of the seropositive animals had co-infection with more than three serotypes. Accordingly, M. haemolytica serotype A7 (97.27%) had the highest prevalent circulating serotypes of Pasteurella in the study areas, followed by M. haemolytica serotype A1 (95.22%), P. multocida serotype A (92.83%), and M. haemolytica serotype A2 (91.47%). There was a statistically significant difference across sex (p = 0.014) of the study animals with the occurrence of the ovine and caprine pasteurellosis in serum samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study revealed that ovine and caprine pasteurellosis is highly prevalent in small ruminants and circulating in the study areas. The diversity of serotypes observed here would indicate that currently available vaccines are unlikely to provide adequate protection against pasteurellosis. Therefore, developing a multivalent vaccine that protects against multiple Pasteurella serotypes in a single dose is highly recommended.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>Clinical trial registration was not required because the present study was a cross-sectional observational study and did not involve any clinical intervention or experimental treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13561686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural Welfare Implications of Human Handling Practices in Zoo Snakes.","authors":"Chelsea Kennedy, Sara L Hanson, Connor Walker, Eduardo J Fernandez","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71218","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Handling reptiles, particularly snakes, is common in ambassador-animal and animal-visitor interaction programmes. However, relatively little is known about the behavioural and welfare impacts of these interactions on snakes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examined whether staff-led handling during visitor interactions impacted snake behaviour by comparing before and after handling and between handling and non-handling days.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Observations were conducted at Cleland Wildlife Park (South Australia, Australia) on three individual snakes: one woma python (Aspidites ramsayi) and two Children's pythons (Antaresia childreni). Behavioural data were collected using cameras in ZooMonitor using focal pinpoint sampling and an adapted reptile-based ethogram. Sixteen behaviours were categorised into five behavioural classes: Active, Inactive, Abnormal, Out of sight, and Other. All footage was scored blind to handling conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were detected in active or abnormal behaviour before versus after handling. However, inactive behaviour increased and out of sight behaviour decreased following handling. When handling days were compared with non-handling days, abnormal behaviour was significantly lower on handling days, while no significant differences were detected for behaviours classified as Other.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Short-term, staff-led handling during animal-visitor interactions was not associated with substantial changes in snake behaviour. The observed increase in inactive behaviour and decrease in out of sight behaviour following handling may reflect minor short-term behavioural adjustments to human interaction rather than pronounced welfare effects. Overall, these findings suggest that, under the conditions examined, brief handling had limited direct behavioural impacts on the snakes studied.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Although snakes are commonly displayed in zoos, little is known about proper behavioural welfare for the taxa. Little is also known about the impact of visitor interactions on snakes. We examined the impact of a snake handling interaction on three zoo-housed snakes. Abnormal behavior was lower on handling days while visibility increased following handling, suggesting a neutral to positive welfare effect. Future research should focus on better understanding proper welfare metrics for snakes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace Element Changes in Goat Milk Following Experimentally Induced Intramammary Infection With Biofilm Positive and Negative Strains of Staphylococcus aureus.","authors":"M Ghari, M Heidarpour, M Ghaemi, F Salmannejad, B Khoramian","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71250","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trace elements in milk provide valuable information about mammary gland health and immune response. The biofilm-forming ability of Staphylococcus aureus is known to contribute to persistent and chronic mastitis infections.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to compare changes in milk trace element concentrations following experimental intramammary infection with biofilm-positive and biofilm-negative strains of S. aureus in goats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nine healthy lactating goats (native Iranian breed, 1-5 years old) were allocated to two groups and inoculated intracisternally in one udder half with either biofilm-positive (n = 5) or biofilm-negative (n = 4) strains of S. aureus (10³ CFU/mL). The strains were isolated from bovine mastitis and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the nuc. Ceftiofur was administered for treatment after confirmation of infection. Ceftiofur was chosen because both strains were sensitive to this antibiotic and previous research has shown Ceftiofur to be effective against both biofilm-positive and biofilm-negative S. aureus isolates. Milk samples were collected immediately before challenge (T0), at 6 (T1), 12 (T2), 24 (T3), 36 (T4), 48 (T5) and 72 (T6) hours post-challenge, immediately prior to treatment (T7), and at 1 (T8), 7 (T9) and 14 (T10) days post-treatment. Concentrations of copper, calcium, selenium, zinc, magnesium, potassium, sodium and phosphorus were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The milk calcium concentration at T2 and T4 was significantly higher in the biofilm-positive group than that in the biofilm-negative group (p < 0.05). The amount of milk selenium at T4 and T10 was significantly higher in the biofilm-positive group than that in the biofilm-negative group (p < 0.05). The milk potassium and phosphorous levels at T7 were significantly higher in the biofilm-positive group than that in the biofilm-negative group (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Biofilm-positive strains of S. aureus induced a greater secretion of certain trace elements (particularly calcium, selenium, potassium and phosphorus) into goat milk compared with biofilm-negative strains. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that biofilm-forming strains cause more extensive mammary epithelial damage and barrier dysfunction. These alterations may be indicative of increased mammary epithelial permeability and may also lead to compromised local immunity, allowing for persistent mastitis development by biofilm positive strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149031407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicinal Plants in Poultry During Post-Antibiotic Era in One-Health Approach: An Extensive Review.","authors":"Alireza Talebi, Arman Savari","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71119","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increasing drug resistance, together with possible transmission of these phenomena to other pathogenic agents, as well as the dissemination of resistant microbes and drug residues to the environment, poses existing challenges for human health. The journey in history of medicine indicates that the post-antibiotic era has been initiated and the application of medicinal plants is a promising alternative to antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this review was to have a glance at available medicinal plant products in modern poultry production in the post-antibiotic era. However, the globalization of one-health needs efforts from both scientists and policy makers to work firmly in a harmonized mission continuously, and all nations must be simultaneously involved in this process to fulfil their obligation properly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review is focused on the role of the well-known medicinal plants in poultry and method of reviewing includes a brief introduction, history, the present status and prospective future by critical reviewing the published literatures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An extensive application of natural medicine in poultry during the post-antibiotic era in a comprehensive holistic one-health was reviewed, and some of the most relevant commercially available products were also mentioned as a footprint to encourage the researchers to include all the necessary parameters for practical application of the medicinal plant products during their study in details. Some recommendations/future directions on achieving the goals and completing the mission were also proposed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Application of the medicinal plants in intensive poultry industry is the best solution for production of antibiotic-free foods during the post-antibiotic era.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13524958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}