Veterinary Medicine and Science最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Perovskia abrotanoides Kar. Essential Oil on Greenhouse Gas Mitigation and Energy Efficiency Improvement in Sheep Rumen: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Mohsen Kazemi","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71194","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of natural additives in animal nutrition, particularly for ruminants, has gained attention due to environmental concerns and the need to improve rumen fermentation efficiency. Essential oils are bioactive sources that can modulate rumen microbes and reduce methane production, a major greenhouse gas and source of energy loss.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of Perovskia abrotanoides Kar. essential oil and evaluate its potential as a natural rumen modifier by assessing its effects on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters, gas and methane production, protozoa population, nutrient degradability and microbial efficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Essential oil was extracted by water distillation and analysed using GC/MS. Rumen fluid was collected from three fistulated sheep that fed a maintenance diet. Six levels of essential oil (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg/L culture medium) were evaluated in a completely randomized design. Gas production was measured at 0-96 h, whereas methane, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N), pH, protozoa count, degradability and microbial parameters were measured after 24 h. Data were analysed using ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GC/MS analysis revealed 33 compounds, with 1,8-cineole (16.1%), camphor (13.8%), α-pinene (8.4%) and δ-3-carene (6.8%) as the predominant constituents. Increasing concentrations of P. abrotanoides essential oil produced dose-dependent changes in rumen fermentation. The highest supplementation level (500 mg/L) led to the most significant reductions in methane production (58%), total protozoal population, total VFA concentration, NH<sub>3</sub>-N concentration and the degradability of dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fibre, while simultaneously producing the highest ruminal pH, microbial biomass production, microbial synthesis efficiency and partitioning factor (p < 0.0001). In contrast, supplementation at 200-300 mg/L maintained a more favourable balance between methane mitigation and nutrient degradability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings demonstrate that P. abrotanoides essential oil, rich in oxygenated monoterpenes, such as 1,8-cineole and camphor, effectively reduced methane production and protozoa population while improving microbial efficiency under in vitro conditions. The greatest reduction in methane production and in protozoal population was observed at 500 mg/L, whereas supplementation at 200-300 mg/L provided the best balance between methane mitigation and maintenance of rumen fermentation efficiency. These results suggest that this essential oil could serve as a promising natural feed additive for mitigating enteric methane emissions and improving energy utilization in ruminants. Further in vivo studies are recommended to confirm these effects under practical feedin","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nasal Colonization of Antimicrobial-Resistant and Biofilm-Producing Staphylococcus spp. in Surgical Canine Patients From Italy.","authors":"Francesca Paola Nocera, Rossana Schena, Annunziata Romano, Stefano Cavalli, Laura Cortese, Gerardo Fatone, Luisa De Martino","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71235","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Staphylococcus spp. commonly colonise the skin and mucosal surfaces of dogs and may act as opportunistic pathogens under favourable conditions. Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation are key traits that may contribute to bacterial persistence and reduced susceptibility to antimicrobial agents.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to characterise the antimicrobial resistance profiles and biofilm-forming ability of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from the nasal cavities of dogs admitted to the Surgical Unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Naples, Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nasal swabs were collected from 100 dogs prior to surgery. Strains were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method according to international guidelines. Biofilm formation was assessed using a quantitative crystal violet assay.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>A total of 65 Staphylococcus strains were recovered. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was the most prevalent species (40%; χ² = 134.6, df = 14, p < 0.001), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (15.4%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (7.7%). High levels of resistance were observed to several antimicrobials, with 61.5% and 4.6% of strains being classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR), respectively. Notably, all tested isolates exhibited biofilm formation, with the majority (56.9%) classified as moderate producers. These findings highlight the presence of antimicrobial-resistant and biofilm-forming Staphylococcus spp. in the nasal cavities of dogs undergoing surgery. The coexistence of these traits may contribute to bacterial persistence, representing a concern for clinical management. Therefore, preoperative nasal screening in high-risk patients should be considered to optimize prophylactic antimicrobial protocols and reinforce infection control in veterinary surgical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149031399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Characterisation and Risk Factors Associated With Capripoxvirus Outbreaks Among Small Ruminants in Uganda, 2021-2022.","authors":"Gerald Nizeyimana, Robert Tweyongyere, Joseph Erume, Savino Biryomumaisho, Eugene Arinaitwe, Chrisostom Ayebazibwe, Patrick Vudriko, Dennis Muhanguzi","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71217","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sheeppox and goatpox are systemic, contagious viral diseases of small ruminants caused by sheep and goat pox viruses of the genus capripoxvirus. These diseases cause fever, generalised skin lesions and negatively affect health, economics and welfare. Between 2011 and 2020, an average of four clinically suspected Capripox outbreaks were reported annually in Uganda through passive surveillance. However, information on the genetic characteristics of circulating capripoxviruses affecting remains limited. We conducted this study to (i) genetically characterise capripoxvirus strains associated with outbreaks in small ruminants and (ii) identify farm-level risk factors associated with the infections. Samples comprising skin scabs, nasal, ocular swabs and whole blood from were collected from clinically affected goats and sheep during suspected outbreaks reported between September 2021 to September 2022 in Nakaseke, Gomba and Kiryandongo districts. Samples were screened using conventional polymerase chain reaction [PCR] targeting the 30 kDa RNA polymerase subunit (RPO30) gene, followed by dideoxy Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis based on RP030, GPCR and P32 gene Farm level risk and factors were documented and assessed during the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Capripoxvirus DNA was detected by PCR in 30 out of 107 samples, reflecting a true positivity rate of 28.7%. All positive samples were from goats, while none of the sheep samples tested positive. Phylogenetic analysis based on all three genes (RPO30, GPCR and P32) classified the isolates as goatpox virus and separated it from other capripoxvirus reference strains. Goatpox virus strains detected across the four outbreaks were 100% identical to each other based on phylogenetic analysis, indicating circulation of a closely related strain within the affected districts. Phylogeny showed that Uganda goatpox virus isolates clustered closely [96%-100% with i reference strains from Kenya, Ghana, Sudan, Oman, Yemen, Burkina Faso and Chad. Low farm level biosecurity characterised by poor carcass disposal methods, human traffic and co-mingling of infected and apparently healthy] as well as uncontrolled animal and animal product movement, were identified at field level as probable exposure factors. The genetic relationship between GTPV strains from outbreaks and regional reference strains underpins the transboundary nature of goat pox virus disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study confirmed goatpox virus as the causative agent of outbreaks investigated between 2021-2022. Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship between Uganda GTPV isolates and strains in parts of Africa and Middle East. The findings provide a basis for sustained surveillance to determine diversity of GTPV strains, increased adoption of good biosecurity practices, as well as improvement in animal movement control as key measures to reduce future outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13577829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety Assessment of Mefepronic Acid in Sheep.","authors":"Rahmi Canbar, Tugba Melike Parlak, Muhittin Uslu, Enver Yazar","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71236","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mefepronic acid is used as a choleretic agent in different animal species. Although mefepronic acid is used extra-label in sheep, information on its safety in this species is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of mefepronic acid on serum oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and organ function parameters in sheep.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mefepronic acid was administered to 10 sheep at a dose of 10 mg/kg (intramuscular, once daily, 3 days). Blood samples were taken at 0 and at 24, 48 and 72 h. 8-OHdG, MDA, SOD, GPX, CAT, CK-MB isoenzyme, troponin I, serum ALP, AST, ALT, total bilirubin, BUN, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL levels were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mefepronic acid administration resulted in a transient increase in 8-OHdG levels (p < 0.05) and a decrease in CAT levels (p < 0.05), a transient increase in CK-MB isoenzyme levels (p < 0.05), and a decrease in BUN, HDL and LDL levels (p < 0.05), but no effect on other parameters (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Administration of mefepronic acid to sheep may cause transient changes in oxidative stress parameters and CK-MB isoenzyme levels. However, these changes were not associated with an increase in troponin I levels or clinically significant myocardial damage. Mefepronic acid did not cause clinically significant adverse effects on liver or kidney function parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13597167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Adding Terminalia chebula Powder to Broilers Subjected to Salmonella spp. on Performance, Immunity, Lipid Profile and Histology.","authors":"Mohanad Falhi Hamood, Raghad Ali Abdaljaleel, Akhil Mosleem Alsadwi","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71251","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The current study evaluated the effects of dietary Terminalia chebula powder (TC) supplementation on the performance, immune response, some lipid profile and histological changes in broilers challenged with Salmonella spp.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 160 Rose 308 newly hatched broiler chicks were randomly distributed to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with TC supplementation (0 or 750 mg/kg/diet) and Salmonella challenge (challenged or unchallenged) as the main factors. The four treatments were as follows: G1, basal diet with no TC and no challenge; G2, basal diet supplemented with 750 mg/kg diet TC and no challenge; G3, basal diet with no TC and with challenge (1 × 10⁸ CFU/mL administered orally at Day 10); and G4, basal diet supplemented with 750 mg/kg diet TC and challenged. The study estimated body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), serum total cholesterol and triglyceride, infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine antibody titres and histological changes in the liver, spleen and duodenum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The challenge with Salmonella significantly reduced BW, FI and IBD antibody titres (p < 0.001) throughout the study; however, serum cholesterol increased and triglyceride levels decreased (p < 0.001). Birds in the G3 group (challenged, no TC) showed the most severe reductions in performance and histological damage, including liver degeneration, splenic atrophy and villous atrophy with necrosis in the intestine. On the contrary, supplementation with 750 mg/kg TC (G2 and G4) significantly improved BW, FI and lipid profiles (p < 0.001), and mitigated the negative effects of the Salmonella challenge, mainly in the intestine and liver. Birds in the G4 group (challenged and supplemented with TC) exhibited moderate improvements in liver integrity, spleen congestion and intestinal villous length compared to the non-supplemented, challenged group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggested that supplementation with TC powder at 750 mg/kg with and without challenge significantly enhance growth performance, immune response and serum lipid profile. Adding TC appears to offer protective effects by alleviated the detrimental impact of Salmonella spp., making it a valuable dietary additive for improving broiler health under pathogenic stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149031447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Receptor-Targeted Antiemetic Strategies in Cats: A Systematic Review and Intervention-Specific Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Uğur Ersöz, Çağlar Özkalipci","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71172","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emesis is a common adverse effect in cats receiving alpha-2 adrenergic agonists and opioids and may compromise perioperative welfare and safety. Comparative evidence for feline antiemetic protocols remains limited by heterogeneity in triggers, timing and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate receptor-targeted antiemetic strategies in cats and quantitatively synthesise controlled event-level evidence for emesis incidence where appropriate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 principles. Controlled feline studies assessing maropitant, ondansetron or metoclopramide for prevention or treatment of emesis were eligible. The primary meta-analysis was restricted to maropitant versus control. Risk ratios (RRs) were pooled on the log scale using a random-effects model with Paule-Mandel estimation and Hartung-Knapp adjustment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five controlled studies contributed to the primary maropitant analysis. Emesis occurred in 11/141 cats given maropitant and 70/152 controls. Maropitant reduced emesis risk (RR = 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08-0.55), with low-to-moderate heterogeneity (I² = 23.2%; Q = 5.21, p = 0.27; tau = 0.37). Leave-one-out analyses consistently favoured maropitant. The approximate prediction interval was 0.04-1.05, indicating uncertainty about the magnitude of effect in future settings. Ondansetron evidence was limited to two evidence sources and suggested possible timing-dependent benefit, whereas metoclopramide evidence was limited to one directly comparable binary study and was insufficient for pooled inference.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maropitant currently has the most consistent controlled evidence for reducing emesis incidence in cats under perioperative or induced-emesis conditions. Further adequately powered, blinded and randomised trials using standardised vomiting, retching and nausea outcomes are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13475627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148761046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Hypernatraemia Secondary to Adipsia Associated With a Pituitary Macroadenoma in a Dog: A Case Report.","authors":"Gyo-Bin Choo, Bum-Kyu Choi, Sooyoung Choi, Daji Noh, Ju-Hyun An","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71187","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adipsia is a rare disorder characterised by absence of thirst despite hyperosmolality, resulting from dysfunction of the hypothalamic thirst centre. In veterinary medicine, most reported cases of adipsia are associated with congenital forebrain abnormalities, whereas acquired causes in adult dogs are uncommon.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This report describes a 9-year-old neutered male mixed-breed dog presented with lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, recumbency, complete absence of voluntary water intake (adipsia) and intermittent tremors. Severe hypernatraemia (192 mmol/L) and hyperchloremia were identified on initial evaluation. Plasma aldosterone concentration was within the reference interval, excluding hyperaldosteronism. An ACTH stimulation test revealed hypercortisolemia, and abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated bilateral adrenal enlargement. Following controlled correction of hypernatraemia with intravenous fluid therapy, magnetic resonance imaging identified a pituitary macroadenoma occupying the sellar and suprasellar regions with mass effect toward the hypothalamus. Secondary adipsia due to hypothalamic compression was considered the most likely cause of hypernatraemia. Medical management with trilostane and cabergoline was initiated. Follow-up imaging demonstrated mild tumour reduction, and serum sodium concentrations remained stable with assisted water supplementation during nine months of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case expands the recognised neurological manifestations of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and highlights pituitary macroadenoma as a potential cause of acquired adipsia and severe hypernatraemia in geriatric dogs.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13539535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Livestock in Ethiopia: Findings From a National Surveillance (2016-2023).","authors":"Daniel Gizaw, Hagos Asgdom, Ayelech Muluneh, Ayenalem Fentie, Demessa Negessu, Genet Bogale, Takele Worku, Ashebir Abebe, Getnet Abie Mekonnen","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71227","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease that poses a severe threat to global livestock production and food security. In Ethiopia, the disease is endemic, with multiple circulating serotypes (O, A, SAT1, and SAT2) significantly impacting the agricultural economy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of FMD across livestock populations in Ethiopia and identify associated risk factors to inform effective, evidence-based control strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional surveillance study was conducted between 2016 and 2023. A total of 19,699 serum samples were collected from cattle, sheep, and goats across all regional states using a systematic sampling design. Antibodies against the FMD virus 3ABC protein were detected using Non-Structural Protein (NSP) ELISA. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, univariable analysis, and multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall FMD seroprevalence was 22% (4,341/19,699). Prevalence varied significantly by region, with the highest in Gambella (56.8%), followed by SNNPR (25.6%) and Oromia (23.7%), and the lowest in Amhara (14.6%). By species, cattle (23.9%) and sheep (22.3%) exhibited higher infection rates compared to goats (5.6%). Regional location (specifically Gambella) was identified as a significant risk factor (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 0.36-0.49).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings confirm the endemic nature of FMD across all Ethiopian regional states and production systems. Cattle serve as the primary maintenance species, with age, species, and regional movement patterns acting as key drivers of viral circulation.</p><p><strong>Recommendations: </strong>There is an urgent need for risk-based surveillance and targeted vaccination strategies, particularly along major livestock trade routes and in districts with intensive inter-herd mixing. Implementing these spatially and epidemiologically informed control measures is essential to reducing the burden of FMD, protecting pastoralist livelihoods, and enhancing national food security and livestock export potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13561855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on Major Challenges of Veterinary Service Delivery in Ethiopia.","authors":"Abdu Muhammed, Mitiku Wamile","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71208","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ethiopian veterinary services encounter several difficulties, including inadequate infrastructure, difficult accessibility, and financial restrictions. Inadequate veterinary clinics, diagnostic laboratories, and cold chain facilities, particularly in rural and pastoralist settings, negatively affect livestock health and production.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this review is to identify and analyze major challenges hindering effective veterinary service delivery in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review was conducted by systematically searching electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and the Web of Science for articles published between 2000 and 2025. Search keywords included 'Ethiopia', 'veterinary service delivery', 'animal health', 'infrastructure', 'diagnostic laboratories', 'veterinary workforce', 'financial constraints', and 'disease surveillance'. Additional sources were identified from the reference lists of relevant articles and from grey literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The nation's access to and use of veterinary services are restricted by a severe shortage of qualified veterinary professionals (veterinarian-to-livestock ratio far below WOAH recommendations) as well as budgetary limitations. The underutilization of cutting-edge diagnostic technologies, such as genomic and molecular tools, impairs the ability to monitor and respond to illnesses, especially zoonotic ones. This is compounded by a tiered laboratory system where only the national reference lab has routine molecular diagnostic capacity, and inadequate quality control and standardization in laboratories lead to unreliable results. Inadequate data exchange and management hamper coordination of responses to epidemics. The economy and animal health services in Ethiopia are impacted by a scarcity of veterinary specialists, exacerbated by brain drain. Low pay and lack of incentives discourage veterinarians from practicing in underprivileged regions. The high cost of veterinary treatment is a challenge for livestock owners, particularly in rural locations. Additionally, underutilization and poor animal health outcomes are caused by a lack of public awareness about veterinary services in rural areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Veterinary service delivery in Ethiopia is constrained by infrastructure gaps, workforce shortages, financial limitations, weak diagnostic capacity, poor data management, and low community awareness. Addressing these challenges requires increased investment in veterinary facilities and personnel, improved laboratory quality control and molecular diagnostic capacity, better data sharing systems, financial incentives for rural service providers, and public awareness campaigns for livestock owners.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13597160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Coccidiosis and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Calves in and Around Haramaya Town, Eastern Hararge, Oromia, Ethiopia.","authors":"Balcha Tadesse Jiru, Ayechew Yetayeh Emiru","doi":"10.1002/vms3.71245","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.71245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coccidiosis is a protozoan disease caused by single-celled parasites of the genus Eimeria. It occurs worldwide and is a common cause of enteric disease in calves, resulting in economic losses due to reduced productivity and increased management costs. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of calf coccidiosis and assess associated risk factors in and around Haramaya, East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 284 calves in and around Haramaya. Faecal samples were collected and examined for Eimeria oocysts using a centrifugal faecal flotation technique with saturated sugar solution. Potential risk factors, including age, sex, breed, body condition score, farm hygiene status, management practices and study kebeles, were assessed. Data were analysed to determine associations between infection status and the hypothesised risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 284 calves examined, 64 were positive for Eimeria oocysts, yielding an overall prevalence of 22.5% (95% CI: 18.1-27.8). Sex, breed, study kebeles and management practices were not significantly associated with the prevalence of coccidiosis (P > 0.05). However, farm hygiene status showed a significant association (P < 0.05), with a prevalence of 31.3% in farms with poor hygiene compared to 14.6% in farms with good hygiene. Body condition score was also significantly associated with infection (P < 0.05), with higher prevalence observed in calves with poor body condition. In addition, calves aged 6 to <12 months showed a significantly higher prevalence than calves younger than six months (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Coccidiosis is a prevalent disease of calves in and around Haramaya. Older calves, poor body condition and inadequate farm hygiene were identified as important risk factors associated with infection. Improving farm hygiene and implementing appropriate prevention and treatment strategies are recommended to reduce the burden of coccidiosis in calves.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"12 5","pages":"e71245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13612161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}