Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Cryptosporidiosis in Neonatal Ruminant Faecal Samples by a Portable Field Microscope Integrated With a Smartphone.

Abstract

A portable, lightweight, and compact microscope was developed for rapid on-site identification of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, a major cause of diarrhoea in neonatal ruminants. Cryptosporidiosis is an infectious parasitic disease that causes diarrhoea, and rapid diagnosis plays a critical role in initiating timely treatment. A method for diagnosing cryptosporidiosis involves detecting oocysts excreted in faeces using a light microscope with an appropriate staining method. However, transporting samples to a laboratory often takes time, during which the animal's health may deteriorate. The developed portable microscope provides up to 1000x magnification, enabling the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis using the carbol fuchsin staining method. It is compatible with almost any smartphone and does not require additional digital or optical magnification. Through an integrated mobile telemedicine application, veterinarians can instantly consult specialists by transmitting patient information and images. Calibration tests have demonstrated that the system can generate high-resolution images of oocysts. This innovative microscope is a crucial tool for veterinarians working in the field, allowing for rapid detection of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, reducing neonatal calf mortality, and preventing the spread of infectious diseases.