Veterinary Medicine and Science最新文献

{"title":"Effect of birth type and sex on growth performance, wither height, humerus‐radius bone dimensions, humerus–ulna growth plate width and selected hormone profile in growing Gurcu goat kids","authors":"Buket Boğa Kuru, Enes Akyüz, Uğur Aydın, Mushap Kuru, Fikret Bektaşoğlu, Mert Sezer, Uğur Yıldız, Turgut Kırmızıbayrak","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70013","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectivesIn this study, the effects of sex and birth type on growth performance, withers height (WH), radiographic measurements and selected hormone profiles in Gurcu goat kids were investigated.MethodsTwenty kids (single female = 5, single male = 5, twin female = 5, twin male = 5) were included in the study. Body weight (BW), WH, radiographic measurements (humerus length [HL], radius length [RL], proximal humerus epiphyseal plate width [HEP] and distal ulna epiphyseal plate width [UEP]) and biochemical analysis (for serum calcitonin, free triiodothyronine [FT3], free thyroxine [FT4], growth hormone [GH] and insulin‐like growth factor‐I [IGF‐I]) were performed at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 12 months of age.ResultsBW was significantly higher in males starting from the seventh month compared to females (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). HL was higher in males at seventh (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.009) and ninth (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.033) months, whereas RL was lower in twins at the third month (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.021). UEP was wider in males at seventh (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.008) and ninth (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.036) months. Closure of HEP was observed in 65% of kids by the 12th month. Calcitonin was lower in twins at third (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.045) and fifth (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.006) months, with changes observed due to group and time effects (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), whereas other hormones only changed with time (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between BW, WH, HL, RL and IGF‐I. There was a negative correlation between BW, WH, HL, RL, IGF‐I and HEP, UEP, calcitonin, FT3, FT4, GH.ConclusionSex and birth type in Gurcu goat kids may have an impact on growth performance, radiographic measurements and certain hormonal profiles.","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"127 1","pages":"e70013"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suspected paroxysmal dyskinesia in four small‐breed dogs: Clinical presentation, diagnosis, management and prognosis","authors":"Minji Kim, Heesoo Cho, Unghui Kim, Sangkyung Choen, YoungMin Yun, Woo‐Jin Song","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70015","url":null,"abstract":"This case report details the clinical presentation, diagnosis, management and prognosis of paroxysmal dyskinesia (PD) in four small‐breed dogs, each weighing under 6 kg: A 7‐year‐old spayed female Pomeranian, an 8‐year‐old female mixed breed, a 1‐year‐old female Pomeranian and a 9‐year‐old castrated male Poodle. These dogs were referred to our hospital due to movement disorders. Diagnosis was facilitated by video recordings of the episodes, assessing motor activity, consciousness, episode duration, any pre‐ or post‐episodic behaviour as well as the presence of autonomic signs. Magnetic resonance imaging conducted on two of the dogs returned unremarkable results. Treatment trials included a gluten‐free diet for all four dogs, with two also receiving acetazolamide. This intervention led to a decrease in the frequency of abnormal movement in all patients. Our findings suggest that PD in dogs can be effectively diagnosed through detailed symptom description using videos and questionnaires. Furthermore, once diagnosed, a combination of nutritional and medical management can be beneficial.","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"e70015"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the detection method by a flotation method using a wire loop for gastrointestinal parasites.","authors":"Aruto Takano, Daikichi Morinaga, Isao Teramoto, Toshimitsu Hatabu, Yasutoshi Kido, Akira Kaneko, Takeshi Hatta, Naotoshi Tsuji, Shigehiko Uni, Kazumi Sasai, Hiromitsu Katoh, Makoto Matsubayashi","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infections by gastrointestinal parasites are found in a variety of animals worldwide. For the diagnosis of such infections, the flotation method is commonly used to detect parasitic microorganisms, such as oocysts or eggs, in feces. Instead of adding a flotation solution after the final centrifugation step and using a cover slip to collect the parasites, the method using a wire loop for the recovery of the organisms has been reported as one of alternative methods. However, the recovery rates of microorganisms from the flotation method have not been analysed. In the present study, the utility of a flotation method with the use of a wire loop of 8 mm in diameter (the loop method) was evaluated using different numbers of E. tenella oocysts and Heterakis gallinarum eggs, and chicken fecal samples collected at the farms. Consequently, we found that the oocysts and eggs in tubes could be collected at a ratio of 2.00 to 3.08. Thus, our results indicate that the loop method is a simple and time saving method, implicating the application for the estimated OPG/ EPG (Oocysts/Eggs per gram) of the samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"10 5","pages":"e70007"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11360122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142112474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between body condition score and abdominal fat assessed by ultrasound in Jersey cows.","authors":"Pedro Melendez, Daniela Redrovan, Prasanth K Chelikani","doi":"10.1002/vms3.1515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.1515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Body condition score (BCS) is a subjective tool and the deposition of subcutaneous fat differs from the deposition of abdominal fat.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate by multivariate regression models and ultrasonography the amount of fat accumulated in different areas of the abdominal cavity in Jersey non-pregnant non-lactating cows and its association with their BCS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From a commercial farm, 21 non-pregnant non-lactating Jersey cows were selected at random. Cows were placed in a headlock line, and BCS was evaluated (scale 1-5 with a 0.25 unit increment) by the same assessor. Ultrasonographic evaluation was performed using a Sonosite machine in duplicate, considering key anatomical points of the body to predict total abdominal fat (AT), retroperitoneal fat (RT), omental fat (OT) and mesenteric fat (MT). A regression analysis for each abdominal fat depot and the BCS was run using SAS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Models from the lowest to the largest r² are reported. The r² for the models were MT r² = 0.023; RT r² = 0.1047; OT r² = 0.323 and AT r² = 0.369. Correlation between BCS and abdominal fat depots was positive, lower for mesenteric and retroperitoneal fat, but higher for omental and total abdominal fat. Cows were divided on the basis of the median of BCS distribution to high (≥3.5) and low (≤3.25). Those with high BCS had significantly larger amounts of fat in different anatomical areas of abdominal cavity than cows with low BCS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BCS has a low-to-moderate association with abdominal fat depots, but a high variability exists within each BCS punctuation, which supports the notion that fat accumulation patterns and metabolic turnover between abdominal and subcutaneous fat differ from each other.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"10 5","pages":"e1515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11360126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142112473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A field evaluation of a new porcine circovirus type 2d and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bivalent vaccine in herds suffering from subclinical PCV2d infection and enzootic pneumonia.","authors":"Sehyeong Ham, Jeongmin Suh, Chonghan Kim, Byoung-Joo Seo, Gyeong-Seo Park, Chanhee Chae","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This field efficacy study was designed to determine the efficacy of a new bivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus type 2d (PCV2d) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae at three independent pig farms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three pig farms were selected based on their history of subclinical PCV2 infection and enzootic pneumonia. Each farm housed a total of 40, 18-day-old pigs that were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 treatment groups. Pigs were administered a 2.0 mL dose of the bivalent vaccine intramuscularly at 21 days of age in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, whereas unvaccinated pigs were administered a single dose of phosphate-buffered saline at the same age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinically, the average daily weight gain of vaccinated groups was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of unvaccinated animals during the growing (70-112 days of age), finishing (112-175 days of age) and overall (3-175 days of age) stages of production. Vaccinated animals elicited neutralizing anti-PCV2 antibodies and PCV2d-specific interferon-γ secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC), which reduced the amount of PCV2d genomic copies in blood and reduced lymphoid lesions severity when compared with unvaccinated animals. Similarly, vaccinated animals elicited M. hyopneumoniae-specific IFN-γ-SC, which reduced the amount of M. hyopneumoniae in the larynx and reduced lung lesions severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The result of the field trial demonstrated that the bivalent vaccine was efficacious in the protection of swine herds suffering from subclinical PCV2d infection and enzootic pneumonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"10 5","pages":"e70001"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation, pharmacokinetics and anti-obesity effects on dogs of nuciferine liposomes.","authors":"Jiang Lu, Yi-Tian Xu, Xiao-Liang Qian, Dao-Xian Zhu, Jin-Ye Lu, Hui Ma, Jing Liu","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70017","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nuciferine (NUC), a natural compound extracted from lotus leaves, has been proven to have anti-obesity effects. However, the development and application of NUC as an anti-obesity drug in dogs are hindered due to its poor water solubility and low bioavailability.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To promote the development of NUC-related products for anti-obesity in dogs, this study prepared NUC into a liposome formulation and evaluated its characteristics, pharmacokinetics in dogs, and anti-obesity effects on high-fat diet dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>NUC liposomes were prepared by the ethanol injection method, using NUC, egg lecithin, and β-sitosterol as raw materials. The characteristics and release rate in vitro of liposomes were evaluated by particle size analyser and dialysis method, respectively. The pharmacokinetics in dogs after oral administration of NUC-liposomes was carried out by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Moreover, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of NUC-liposomes on obese dogs fed with a high-fat diet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NUC-liposome was successfully prepared, with an EE of (79.31 ± 1.06)%, a particle size of (81.25 ± 3.14) nm, a zeta potential of (-18.75 ± 0.23) mV, and a PDI of 0.175 ± 0.031. The cumulative release rate in vitro of NUC from NUC-liposomes was slower than that of NUC. The T_1/2 and relative bioavailability of NUC-liposomes in dogs increased, and CL reduced compared with NUC. In addition, the preventive effect of NUC-liposomes on obesity in high-fat diet dogs is stronger than that of NUC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The liposome formulation of NUC was conducive to improve its relative bioavailability and anti-obesity effect in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"10 5","pages":"e70017"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11377956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of hydatidosis in cattle slaughtered at Wolaita Sodo municipality abattoir.","authors":"Habtamu Endale, Mesfin Mathewos","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hydatidosis, caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, affect cattle by forming hydatid cyst in thier lungs, livers and pose great financial loss in animal production and country's economy by both direct and indirect effect. Despite its great economic and health importance, there is an absence of current information on cystic echinococcosis in cattle slaughtered at Wolaita Sodo municipality abattoir in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Current investigation determines the prevalence, organ distribution and fertility of hydatid cysts in cattle slaughtered at the Wolaita Sodo municipality abattoir in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from February, 2023, to October, 2023, at Wolaita Sodo municipality abattoir in southern Ethiopia, through regular meat examinations and cyst characterisation to determine the prevalence, organ distribution and fertility of hydatid cysts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of hydatidosis recorede in current study was 17.9% (69/384) and has shown a statistically significant association (p < 0.05) with the body condition of cattle. However, there was no statistically significant association (p > 0.05) between the prevalence of hydatidosis and other risk factors such as sex, breed, production system and origin of animals. This study showed that the lungs and liver were the most affected organs in cattle, followed by the spleen and kidneys. On cyst characterisation, the majority of hydatid cysts were found sterile (55.4%) followed by fertile (38.8%) and calcified (8.7%) cysts. Out of 125 fertile hydatid cysts tested for survival, 18.8% (58/321) were viable and 20% (67/321) were nonviable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The finding of this study shows that cystic echinococcus was important health threat of the cattle and widespread in the internal organs of affected cattle causing significant economic loss by condemning edible organs that are not suitable for human consumption. Therefore, urgent and integreted preventive action is needed to disrupt the life cycle of cystic echinococcosis to tackle subsequent financial loss and risk of zoonosis to humans in the study area.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"10 5","pages":"e70008"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11364586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142112488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report of feline mast cell tumour with intertumoral heterogeneity: Identification of secondary mutations c.998G>C and c.2383G>C in KIT after resistance to toceranib.","authors":"Hiroyuki Tani, Tatsuro Hifumi, Keita Ito, Tomohide Kuramoto, Noriaki Miyoshi, Makoto Fujiki, Tomohiro Nakayama","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70003","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 12-year-old male domestic cat with multiple subcutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs) presented with a 2-week history of pruritus and raw/bleeding skin from self-trauma at Kagoshima University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathological analyses revealed intertumoral heterogeneity among tumour locations based on the mutation status of KIT. In addition, the expression pattern of KIT was characterized. After failed treatment with vinblastine (2.0-2.2 mg/m², intravenous administration, two doses in total) or nimustine (25 mg/m², intravenous administration, two doses in total), toceranib (2.2-2.6 mg/kg, orally administered, every other day) was administered to treat recurrent MCTs harbouring the KIT exon eight internal tandem duplication mutation, achieving a complete response. However, toceranib resistance developed 2 months after treatment initiation. Subsequent PCR analysis was conducted to identify the mutational status of KIT in each MCT and to detect the presence of secondary mutations associated with the acquisition of toceranib resistance. Secondary KIT mutations (c.998G>C and c.2383G>C), which were not initially detected in tumour cells at diagnosis, were identified after the development of resistance to toceranib. This indicates that the tumour cells in feline MCTs in the same case have diverse characteristics. Our findings encourage further investigation into the development of therapeutic strategies for feline MCTs, particularly focusing on the heterogeneous nature of KIT/KIT and overcoming acquired resistance to toceranib.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"10 5","pages":"e70003"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11342349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and prevalence of ixodid ticks of cattle in case of Aleltu district, Oromia regional state, northern Ethiopia.","authors":"Abeti Gobe, Adugna Chalchisa, Bersissa Kumsa","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vms3.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Ethiopia, ticks are the major threat to cattle productivity and production, leading to considerable economic losses. The current study was designed to estimate the prevalence of ixodid tick infestation, identify species, assess major risk factors associated with tick infestation and assess public awareness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional and questionnaire-based study was conducted from January 2022 to June 2022 in the Aleltu district. The study animals were selected using a simple random sampling method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 400 cattle examined, 303 (75.8%) were found to be infested by one or more tick species. Six species of ticks were identified that belonged to three genera: Amblyomma, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus, and the subgenus Rhipicephalus (Boophilus). The most common tick species identified in terms of their prevalence and dominance were Rh. (Bo) decoloratus, Rh. evertsi, Am. variegatum, Hy. rufipes, Rh. bergeoni and Rh. praetextatus. In the present study, Rh. (Bo) decoloratus was the most prevalent (56.8%) in the study area. Among the risk factors considered, the prevalence of tick species had a statistically significant (p < 0.05) association with the age, production systems and body condition of animals. Out of 110 people interviewed, 107 (97.3%) believed there was a tick infestation in their village, and almost all farmers 103(93.6%) in the study area were unaware that ticks serve as vectors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study provides preliminary information on the prevalence of tick infestation and the composition of ticks in the Aleltu district. Ticks are a major problem for the cattle in the study area. Therefore, the problem observed in the study area alarms the district and calls for a comprehensive control strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"10 5","pages":"e70022"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142112487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on ketosis in dairy cattle with major emphasis on subclinical ketosis and abdominal adiposity.","authors":"Pedro Melendez, Manuel Vizcaino Serrano","doi":"10.1002/vms3.1525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.1525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The metabolic changes that occur during the early post-partum period in dairy cows can indeed lead to an imbalance in energy utilization, resulting in the production of excessive ketone bodies. This can have detrimental effects on the cow's health and milk production, leading to economic losses for dairy producers. The release of non-esterified fatty acids into the blood due to increased lipolysis is a key factor in the development of ketosis. Abdominal adiposity is a key factor on these outcomes in modern dairy cows. The redirection of energy and glucose towards lactose synthesis and milk yield leaves a deficit of gluconeogenic precursors, leading to the conversion of acetyl-CoA into ketone bodies instead of entering the Krebs cycle. These ketone bodies, including acetone, acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, accumulate in the blood and can be detected in various bodily fluids, such as urine, blood and milk, allowing for diagnostic testing. Prevention is indeed crucial in managing ketosis in dairy cattle. Supplementation of propylene glycol in the diet or the use of monensin, either in the diet or in the form of a slow-release bolus, can help prevent the occurrence of ketosis. However, avoiding high body condition (subcutaneous fat) and excessive abdominal adiposity during the dry period and parturition plus an adequate cow comfort are fundamental tasks to avoid ketosis and related disorders. These interventions aim to provide additional energy sources or enhance the cow's ability to utilize energy efficiently, thus reducing the reliance on excessive lipolysis and ketone body production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"10 5","pages":"e1525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11362977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142112489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}