Veterinary immunology and immunopathology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of field-based diagnostic methods for assessing passive immune transfer in neonatal lambs","authors":"Ana Laura Martins ,&nbsp;Raquel Fraga e Silva Raimondo","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Passive immune transfer (PIT) is crucial for the survival and health of neonatal lambs, and its assessment is vital in early-life management. This study evaluated the effectiveness of three field-based diagnostic methods—analog Brix refractometry, digital Brix refractometry, and immunocrit—for estimating PIT in lambs, using serum total protein concentration as the reference standard. Thirteen lambs born from eutocic deliveries were assessed. The mean serum protein concentration was 7.50 ± 0.70 g/dL, exceeding the 5.0 g/dL threshold for adequate PIT. All alternative methods showed strong positive correlations with serum protein: analog Brix (r = 0.9795), digital Brix (r = 0.9870), and immunocrit (r = 0.8945), with perfect categorical agreement (Kappa = 1.0) across all methods. Analog and digital Brix readings were nearly identical, suggesting consistency between instruments. Although immunocrit showed slightly greater variability, it remained a valid diagnostic tool. A weak correlation was observed between colostrum Brix values and lamb serum protein (r = 0.16; p = 0.6115), indicating that colostrum quality alone does not guarantee successful PIT. Factors such as intake timing, volume, and neonatal vigor likely influence PIT outcomes. These findings support the use of Brix refractometry and immunocrit as reliable, rapid, and cost-effective tools for PIT assessment in lambs under field conditions. Their implementation may enhance early detection of PIT failure, reduce neonatal mortality, and improve flock health and productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 111034"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of intrinsic MDR-1 gene expression in different immunophenotypes of canine multicentric lymphomas","authors":"Rosina Sánchez-Solé ,&nbsp;Florencia Mosquillo ,&nbsp;Nariné Balemian ,&nbsp;Paula Pessina ,&nbsp;Martín Breijo","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Little is known about the intrinsic expression of the multidrug resistance gene type 1 (MDR-1) in dogs with multicentric lymphoma of different immunophenotypes assessed by qRT-PCR. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of MDR-1 expression by real-time PCR on biopsy samples from enlarged lymph nodes of 29 untreated dogs with different immunophenotypes of multicentric lymphoma (B-cell <em>vs</em> CD45+ T-cell <em>vs</em> CD45− T-cell). Cell lineage was established by flow cytometry based on the expression of CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD21, and CD45. Our results indicate that MDR-1 gene expression is detectable in nearly 80 % of newly diagnosed canine lymphomas of different immunophenotypes. MDR-1 expression was undetectable in 5/13 of B-cell lymphomas and 1/10 of CD45+ T-cell lymphomas, while all CD45- T-cell lymphomas were quantifiable. By analyzing the level of MDR-1 gene expression in quantifiable samples, the expression of MDR-1 in dogs with CD45- T-cell lymphoma was higher than observed in B and CD45+ T-cell lymphomas, suggesting that the lymphoma immunophenotype is an important factor that influences the expression levels of the MDR-1 gene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 111048"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145775888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional resilience of Kangayam cattle under thermal stress: Insights into cellular and immune adaptations","authors":"Kandasamy Rajamanickam ,&nbsp;Sarika Sahu ,&nbsp;Manoharan Azhaguraja ,&nbsp;Visha Pasuvalingam ,&nbsp;Periyasamy Vijayakumar ,&nbsp;Arumugam Sakthivel Selvan ,&nbsp;Elango Ayyasamy","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study for the first time, investigates cellular and immune resilience of Kangayam cattle to heat stress in comparison with Jersey cattle. The study involves twenty-four adult cows (Kangayam cows (n = 12); Jersey cows (n = 12)) allocated randomly into four different groups of six animals each (Kangayam heat stress, Kangayam control, Jersey heat stress, Jersey control). The study period (45-days) spans over April to May months of the summer season during which the animals in control group were housed in a shed, while the other groups were expose to environmental thermal stress daily. At the end of experimental period, haematology, biochemical, cortisol, heat shock protein 70 and cytokines levels, redox status and peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses were recorded. Results revealed reduced variability in haemato-biochemical parameters, cortisol, NEFA and haptoglobin levels and significantly elevated (P &lt; 0.001) heat shock protein 70 in heat stressed Kangayam cattle. Moreover, Kangayam cattle exhibited high stability in the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor and also their redox status like antioxidant enzymes activities, malondialdehyde and intracellular ROS levels, free radical scavenging activity and total thiol level were unaltered during thermal stress. In addition, Kangayam cattle PBMCs demonstrated unaltered apoptotic rate with preserved DNA integrity and increased mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 activities. In conclusion, the current study highlights the superior cellular and immune resilience of Kangayam cattle under thermal stress conditions for the first of its kind.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 111047"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of endocan as a prognostic biomarker in septic calves with diarrhoea caused by Escherichia coli K99+","authors":"Emre Tüfekçi ,&nbsp;Vehbi Güneş","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to determine the prognostic impact of serum Endocan levels due to <em>E. coli</em> K99⁺ driven systemic inflamatuary response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis (SE) and septic shock (SS). The samples were with 24 diarrhoeic calves and 8 health calves aged 0–7 days. The diarrhoeic calves were divided equally into three groups as the SS group, the SE group and the SIRS group. Repeated serum samples were collected at the 0th, 3rd and 6th hours. The collected samples were used to analyse Endocan and certain proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β ve IL-6) and acute phase proteins (SAA and Hp). A statistically meaningful difference was observed between the serum Endocan levels of the groups (P &lt; 0.001). The <em>E. coli</em> infected diarrhoeic calves in the SS group had Endocan levels higher than others in other groups. Also, as a prognostic value, a statistically meaningful difference was observed between the repeated Endocan concentrations collected from dead and surviving calves (P &lt; 0.01, P = 0.001, P &lt; 0.001, respectively). When the cut-off point for Endocan 6th hour tests was considered &gt; 131.92, the AUC value was 0.825, the sensitivity was %81.82, the specificity was %77.2, +LR: 3.60, -LR: 0.24 (P &lt; 0.05). As a result, in repeated analysis, serum Endocan levels were shown to be a rigorous indicator of the severity of inflammation in diarrhoeic calves and mortality when the positive correlation between other proinflammatory cytokine and acute phase proteins was taken into consideration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 111022"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145551198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of an ELISA based on recombinant Mb1454 antigen for the detection of specific anti-Mycobacterium bovis antibodies in cattle","authors":"Natana M.M. Bueno ,&nbsp;Carolina Reck ,&nbsp;Lucas L. Nogueira ,&nbsp;Aguinaldo R. Pinto ,&nbsp;Álvaro Menin","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by <em>Mycobacterium bovis</em>, is a zoonosis of global concern due to the absence of effective vaccines or treatments. The conventional diagnostic method, the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test (SICTT), is limited by cost and sensitivity, hindering control strategies. To overcome these limitations, an ELISA that detects specific IgG antibodies against <em>M. bovis</em> using the recombinant protein Mb1454 was developed. The optimized ELISA conditions included 0.5 µg of recombinant Mb1454 protein for plate sensitization, PBMT blocking buffer (PBS + 1 % BSA + 3 % milk + 0.05 % Tween-20), serum dilution of 1:200, secondary antibody dilution of 1:1000, 1 h incubation, and 15 min substrate development time. The analysis of the ELISA-Mb1454 in <em>M. bovis</em>-positive (bTB+, n = 113) and negative (bTB–, n = 120) bovine serum samples showed 92.9 % sensitivity and 90.0 % specificity, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.96, indicating high discrimination capacity in <em>M. bovis</em> detection (p &lt; 0.0001). The assay demonstrated high analytical specificity, with no cross-reactivity observed in sera from animals infected with other common pathogens, including BoAHV-1, BoAHV-5, BVDV, <em>Neospora caninum</em>, <em>Brucella abortus</em>, and <em>Leptospira</em> sp. The results showed no correlation between circulating IgG antibody levels against the Mb1454 antigen and the pathological stage of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) lesions. Nonetheless, our findings demonstrated the immunogenicity of the Mb1454 protein and discriminatory performance of the ELISA-Mb1454 assay in differentiating bTB-positive and -negative cattle, even in the absence of a direct association between antibody titers and disease severity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 111025"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145574716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sorafenib inhibits myeloid-derived suppressor cell infiltration in canine transitional cell carcinoma","authors":"Shohei Yokota ,&nbsp;Wataru Fujii ,&nbsp;Tomoki Motegi ,&nbsp;Mao Komori ,&nbsp;Reo Nishi ,&nbsp;James K. Chambers ,&nbsp;Kazuyuki Uchida ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Yonezawa ,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Momoi ,&nbsp;Shingo Maeda","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)—immature cells with immunosuppressive properties—are promising therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy. However, established therapies targeting MDSCs remain lacking, and novel molecules are needed to regulate MDSCs. Sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase (TRK) inhibitor, suppresses MDSCs. As TRKs regulate chemokine production, we hypothesized that sorafenib inhibits MDSCs by regulating chemokine production. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sorafenib on MDSCs and its underlying mechanism in canine transitional cell carcinoma (cTCC). Sorafenib reduced the number of MDSCs and downregulated CX3CL1 expression in the tumor tissues of cTCC-transplanted mice. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) recombinant protein, the target axis of sorafenib, increased CX3CL1 expression in cTCC cell line. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between urinary levels of CX3CL1 and VEGF-A in cTCC cases. These results indicated that VEGF-A signaling can regulate CX3CL1 expression. Next, we analyzed whether CX3CL1 accelerates MDSC infiltration. MDSCs expressed CX3CR1, the receptor for CX3CL1, and migrated toward recombinant CX3CL1 protein in a dose-dependent manner. In a cTCC-transplanted mouse model, CX3CL1 depletion or treatment with a CX3CR1 inhibitor showed anti-tumor effects and reduced MDSCs in the tumor tissue. Overall, our results indicated that CX3CL1 promotes MDSC infiltration, and the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis could be a therapeutic target for regulating MDSCs in dogs with cTCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 111019"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145425694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential macrophage immune checkpoint expression triggered by bovine-associated staphylococci","authors":"Sarah Antonieta de Oliveira Veríssimo ,&nbsp;Filipe Aguera Pinheiro ,&nbsp;Ygor Fagundes Ruas ,&nbsp;Kamila Reis Santos ,&nbsp;Eduardo Milton Ramos-Sanchez ,&nbsp;Hiro Goto ,&nbsp;Soraia Araújo Diniz ,&nbsp;Sarne De Vliegher ,&nbsp;Marcos Bryan Heinemann ,&nbsp;Luiza Campos Reis ,&nbsp;Alice Maria Melville Paiva Della Libera ,&nbsp;Fernando Nogueira Souza ,&nbsp;Mônica Maria Oliveira Pinho Cerqueira","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated whether distinct bovine-associated staphylococci can trigger expression of PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. Four well-studied strains, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> [n = 2; one from a bovine nose (SN) and one udder-adapted strain isolated from a persistent intramammary infection (IMI; <em>S. aureus</em> IM)] and <em>S. chromogenes</em> (n = 2; one udder-adapted strain isolated from a persistent IMI (<em>S. chromogenes</em> IM) and one originating from a teat apex; <em>S. chromogenes</em> TA), were used. The expression of PD-1 and PD-L1, was measured through flow cytometry. The macrophage infection was performed over time using a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1, 5, and 10, respectively, up to 6 h. All staphylococcal strains induced higher macrophage expression of PD-1 compared to an unstimulated control. The PD-1 expression was MOI-dependent. Most notably, the <em>S. aureus</em> SN triggered a drastic increase in the macrophage PD-1 expression over time. In contrast, PD-1 expression induced by both staphylococci IM strains dropped significantly over time, whereas the <em>S. chromogenes</em> TA exhibited no significant variation over time. A significant increase, though subtle, in PD-L1 expression was triggered by the <em>S. aureus</em> IM and <em>S. chromogenes</em> IM. A higher intensity of PD-L1 expression, significant yet relatively subtle, was observed during the earlier stages of infection. Thus, our findings underscore strain- and niche-specific patterns of macrophage modulation by staphylococci, encouraging further studies to investigate the potential of PD-1 and/or PD-L1 blockade as a non-antibiotic strategy to tackle bovine IMIs. However, as this study used a murine macrophage cell line, further validation in primary bovine macrophages is required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 111021"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of an interferon-gamma release assay for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis using QuantiFERON-TB gold tubes in bison (Bison bison athabascae)","authors":"Josephine Chileshe ,&nbsp;Jeffrey M. Chen ,&nbsp;Todd Shury","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mycobacterium bovis</em> (<em>M. bovis</em>), which causes bovine tuberculosis, is endemic in Canada’s Wood Buffalo National Park and threatens the conservation of free-ranging bison. It also poses spillover risks to humans and livestock. Accurate diagnostic tools are critical for screening this threatened and culturally significant animal. Interferon gamma (IFNγ) release assays (IGRA) are commonly used for tuberculosis diagnosis in humans and other wildlife species. Hence, this study aimed to develop an IGRA-based approach for detecting <em>M. bovis</em> infection in bison. Animals from a tuberculosis-free captive bison farm (n = 8) were experimentally infected with <em>M. bovis</em>. The whole blood was collected prior to and following <em>M. bovis</em> challenge and incubated overnight in QuantiFERON®-TB Gold (QFT) blood collection tubes and pokeweed mitogen tubes. Plasma was harvested after centrifugation. Concentrations of IFNγ in plasma were quantified using the Mabtech bovine IFNγ ELISA Flex kit. IGRA responses were calculated as the difference in IFNγ concentrations between TB antigen and the nil tubes. A diagnostic cut-off value of 59 pg/ml (Se = 81 %, 95 % CI 57–93 %; Sp =100 %, 95 % CI 89–100 %; AUC = 0.92) was determined using known infection status to distinguish infected bison. Additionally, cut-off values for IFNγ concentrations for plasma from QFT-nil and pokeweed mitogen tubes were calculated to increase confidence in IGRA validity interpretation. The combination of the QFT stimulation platform and Mabtech bovine IFNγ ELISA shows promise as a diagnostic test to distinguish between <em>M. bovis</em>-infected and uninfected bison. These findings support the use of this tool for surveillance in free-ranging and captive Canadian bison populations and warrant further field validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 111027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145565534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression dynamics of antimicrobial peptides during developmental stages of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT), Oreochromis niloticus","authors":"K.L. Dhanya Lenin,&nbsp;Anne Maria Thomas,&nbsp;Swapna P. Antony","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fish are aquatic vertebrates that are free-living from their embryonic stages and are constantly in contact with the highly diverse and pathogen-rich external aquatic environment. The innate immune system of fish is non-specific and adapted to detect potential pathogens and other stress factors. They can act rapidly and effectively via their key component, the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The action of AMP is manifested through the regulation of its expression, and profiling the constitutive expression of key AMPs across various developmental stages in fish provides valuable insights into the transcriptomic mechanisms underlying their defense strategies against infections. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to quantify the expression of AMPs across the growth stages of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT), <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>. The analysis revealed distinct expression patterns of AMPs throughout the developmental stages of GIFT, indicating their critical role in immune preparedness. The expression profiles were specific to the peptide and the growth stages, and enhanced expression was particularly evident during the first post-hatch and first-feeding stages; no specific pattern could be deciphered during the other stages. The dynamic transcriptome, revealed through gene expression studies, provides a window into the intricate interplay of developmental and regulatory pathways. Monitoring the AMP expression profile offers an in-depth understanding of their mechanisms, paving the way for downstream applications in aquaculture, such as early disease detection and prevention, environment management, use of immunostimulants and probiotics, and in functional genomic studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 111023"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145526891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rabies vaccine response in companion animals: Comparative evaluation of VSV-based pseudovirion neutralization test (PVNT) and rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT)","authors":"Lekshmi J. Das ,&nbsp;Santhik S. Lupitha ,&nbsp;Geetu Rose Varghese ,&nbsp;Sreeja R. Nair ,&nbsp;Dilip Lakshman ,&nbsp;Sharada Ramakrishnaiah ,&nbsp;Shrikrishna Isloor ,&nbsp;Easwaran Sreekumar","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rabies is a fatal but vaccine-preventable zoonotic disease. Global elimination of rabies necessitates multisectoral coordination and transboundary action involving mass animal vaccinations in endemic areas. The current assays for analysing seroconversion against rabies vaccines have limitations for large-scale use due to need for higher bio-containments, low-throughput and a high cost. Here, we report the feasibility of an alternative assay for detecting rabies neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated animals. This pseudovirus neutralization test (PVNT) based on vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) platform employs secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) as a reporter. The assay replaces the use of live rabies virus with single-round infectious pseudovirions as well as fluorescent microscopy in conventional neutralizing assays such as fluorescent antibody virus neutralization assay (FAVN)/ rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) with an ELISA reader. We subjected a total of 60 serum samples from vaccinated dogs and cats to both RFFIT and PVNT. The results showed excellent concordance, with the PVNT showing a sensitivity of 93.8 % and specificity of 100 %. Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) analysis indicated a high accuracy (area under the curve &gt;0.9) and a kappa value of 0.848 indicating comparable performances of PVNT and RFFIT. Our results show that PVNT can serve as a suitable alternative to traditional live-virus-based neutralization assays for efficacy analysis of animal rabies vaccination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 111026"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145557821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}