Veterinary immunology and immunopathology最新文献

{"title":"Determination of oxidative DNA damage and i̇nflammation in the differentiation grades of feline squamous cell carcinomas: The role of Nrf2/HO-1/Keap1 and TLR4/NF-κB/COX-2/ICAM-1 pathways.","authors":"Betül Orhan, İsmail Bolat, Emin Karakurt, Seçkin Serdar Arun, Dilek Özdemi̇r, Enver Beytut, Yavuz Selim Sağlam, Selim Çomakli, Tuba Karaarslan, Büşra Baykal, Tuğçe Kartal, Yusuf Tarık Özbay, Recep Işik","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>FSCC is a relatively common tumor of the skin and mucocutaneous regions in cats, yet the molecular features that accompany its varying degrees of differentiation are not fully clarified. In this study, we examined 27 FSCC cases and compared well, moderately, and poorly differentiated tumors using routine histopathology together with immunohistochemical, immunofluoresence, and RT-PCR based analyses. Differentiation grade was determined by keratin pearl formation, tumor island morphology, squamous differentiation, mitotic activity, and the extent of peritumoral inflammation. Poorly differentiated tumors showed a consistent pattern in which oxidative DNA damage (8-OHdG) was noticeably higher, while the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway was clearly suppressed and Keap1 expression increased. These changes were accompanied by stronger IL-6 and ICAM-1 staining and marked activation of inflammatory markers related to the TLR4/NF-κB/COX-2 axis. In contrast, well-differentiated tumors tended to retain higher Nrf2 and HO-1 expression with lower activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, suggesting a more balanced redox response. The inflammatory burden and mitotic activity were also most pronounced in poorly differentiated lesions. Overall, the findings indicate that deterioration of differentiation in FSCC parallels a shift toward heightened oxidative stress and amplified inflammatory signaling. The combined dysregulation of the Nrf2/HO-1/Keap1 and TLR4/NF-κB/COX-2 appears to contribute to a more aggressive tumor microenvironment, offering potential insight into the biological behavior of these lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"298 ","pages":"111133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of Saccharomyces boulardii treatment in dogs naturally infected with canine parvovirus.","authors":"Selin Sinem Sümbül Laçin, Başak Hanedan","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate whether the adjunctive administration of Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) to standard treatment could accelerate clinical recovery and improve hematological indicators of systemic inflammation in dogs with naturally occurring canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis. Additionally, the study assessed the levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) associated with inflammatory pathways. This study consisted of three groups, each with 10 dogs aged 3-5 months. The control group comprised apparently healthy dogs. Group 1 received standard treatment, and Group 2 received S. boulardii plus standard treatment. Clinical scores were recorded on Days 0 and 5 in the study and control groups, and blood samples were collected on Days 0 and 5 in the study and control groups. Complete blood count, serum biochemical analyses, and serum NF-κB and serum IL-8 values were investigated. Compared to standard treatment alone, S. boulardii administration in addition to standard treatment rapidly improved clinical scores in dogs with CPV, significantly increased white blood cell count, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts, decreased IL-8 and NF-κB concentrations, increased albumin concentrations, and decreased alanine aminotransferase activities. In conclusion, it was determined that S. boulardii administration, in addition to standard treatment, in parvovirus-infected dogs could be beneficial for rapidly improving clinical scores and reducing inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"298 ","pages":"111128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-fermented shallot (Allium cepa L.) bulb in drinking water as a potential antibiotic alternative against Salmonella pullorum infection in broilers\" [Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 296 (2026) 111112].","authors":"Thi Anh Phuong Hoang, Xuan Hoa Nguyen, Vu Hai Phan","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":" ","pages":"111125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin- 17A as an Immunomodulatory Cytokine in Animal Health and Diseases: A Systematic Review","authors":"Anita Dalal ,&nbsp;Gajendra Singh ,&nbsp;Akhil K. Gupta ,&nbsp;Naresh Kumar Kakker ,&nbsp;Sonu Kumari","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), a pro-inflammatory cytokine primarily produced by Th17 cells, has emerged as a pivotal immunological mediator in both protective and pathological processes across different animal species in addition to human beings. Over the past decade, research has expanded significantly, elucidating IL-17A’s roles in host defense, immune modulation, disease progression and vaccine induced immune responses. The present review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of IL-17A within the context of veterinary medicine. IL-17A has been implicated in protection from various diseases as well as in their pathogenesis in different contexts. Different diseases like bovine mastitis, bovine tuberculosis, canine immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, avian viral infections and many others, the raised expression of IL-17A helps predict how mild or severe a case will be. Diagnostic potential has been demonstrated, particularly in cattle, where IL-17A serves as a promising biomarker for mycobacterial infections and inflammatory responses. In vaccination, recombinant and plasmid-based IL-17A delivery has enhanced immune protection against pathogens such as bovine herpesvirus and Marek’s disease virus in poultry, suggesting utility as a novel adjuvant. Furthermore, studies in swine and poultry have revealed age- and tissue-specific dynamics of IL-17A during immune maturation and infection. While IL-17A contributes to immunopathology in some contexts, it also holds promise for advancing vaccine development, diagnostics, and targeted immunotherapy in veterinary practice. The shared role of IL-17A in veterinary and human health highlights the need of a One Health approach, acknowledging the interdependence of human, animal and environmental well-being. Understanding IL-17A's function across species can reveal cross-species therapeutic strategies and vaccination programs, promoting a holistic approach to manage inflammatory and infectious diseases. Further, research into IL-17A's mechanisms and its modulation could lead to more effective treatments and prevention strategies, benefiting both human and animal health. This review highlights critical discoveries, emerging tools and future directions to harness IL-17A for improving animal health, productivity and disease control strategies in both livestock and companion animals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 111078"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Discovery of cold-tolerant phagocytic activity in polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) of marine mammals\" [Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 295 (2026) 111100].","authors":"Soichiro Ishisaka, Takao Segawa, Chika Shirakata, Fumihiko Katakura, Takanori Narita, Ken Okabayashi, Ren Uehara, Takuya Itou","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":" ","pages":"111108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Study on the detection method of Brucella differential type PCR\" [Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. differential type PCR\" [Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. differential type PCR\" [Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. differential type PCR\" [Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 293 (2026) 111075].","authors":"Yajie Luo, Yun Qin, Hao Zhang, Yanmin Zhang, Jing Lu, Xiaofang Liu, Chunxia Liu, Luchao Zuo, Zhiyuan Lv, Hao Liu, Mingming Xie, Yu Yu, Tengyu Wang, Yiming Sun, Haifeng Wen, Wenlong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":" ","pages":"111101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147444957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial ecology, functional implications, and associated factors influencing poultry intestinal health","authors":"Noor Aminullah ,&nbsp;Hikmatullah Langar ,&nbsp;Obaidullah Mahaq ,&nbsp;Mohammad Naeem Azizi ,&nbsp;Ahmadullah Zahir","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gut health is a dynamic phenomenon regulated by the balanced interaction among gastrointestinal tract morphological structure, resident microbiota, and available nutrients, producing an integrated barrier that ensures efficient physiological functions, enhanced immune competence and optimal productivity. Gut health is recognised as a crucial factor for optimum management, farming economy, and sustainable commercial poultry production. Poultry gut health has become a central focus, particularly following restrictions applied on the use of antimicrobial growth promoters in poultry production due to rising global concerns about microbial resistance. Intestinal integrity and health are being regulated by microbiota metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which modulate intestinal morphogenesis <em>vis-à-vis</em> villus size, crypt depth and physiological functions, including feed digestion, nutrients synthesis and absorption, and immune response. Any disturbances arising from nutritional imbalances, microbial infections, environmental stress, or poor management practices compromise epithelial health, barrier integrity, and physiological functions, leading to impaired growth performance and productivity. This review provides an overview of poultry gut health, highlighting the interdependence of gut microbiota, gut morphogenesis, physiology, environmental factors affecting gut health, and management approaches for sustainable poultry production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 111065"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal assessment of immune responses against Bartonella henselae in experimentally infected cats","authors":"Nurul Afiqah Shamsul-Bahri ,&nbsp;Sharina Omar ,&nbsp;Malaika Watanabe ,&nbsp;Farina Mustaffa-Kamal","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the relationship between innate and adaptive immunity in <em>B. henselae</em>-positive cats by assessing the <em>B. henselae</em>-specific immune markers and bacteremia levels. Five cats were infested with <em>Bartonella</em>-carrying fleas to mimic natural infection, while three healthy cats served as uninfected controls. Blood samples were collected over 12 weeks to evaluate bacterial load from whole blood, TLR-4, TLR-9, IL-10, and TNF-α expression in PBMCs using qPCR, as well as IgM and IgG titers and CD4/CD8 profiles via immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. All experimentally infected cats became bacteremic by Week 1 post-infection (p.i) and remained positive throughout the study, demonstrating successful flea-mediated transmission and persistent infection. Bacterial loads exhibited an undulant pattern with inter-individual variability accompanied by dynamic changes in immune response throughout the study. TNF-α expression was significantly higher in infected cats (p = 0.036) compared to control cats from Week 4 to Week 12 p.i, indicating a delayed pro-inflammatory response. In contrast, no statistically significant differences were observed for TLR-4, TLR-9, or IL-10 expression, although temporal variation was noted. TNF-α and IL-10 expression showed a strong positive correlation, suggesting coordinated regulation of inflammatory and regulatory cytokine responses over time. All infected cats seroconverted by Week 2 p.i, with sustained IgG titers, while altered CD4:CD8 ratios were observed in three of five animals, highlighting heterogeneity in adaptive immune responses. Overall, these findings indicate that <em>B. henselae</em> establishes persistent infection in cats characterized by sustained bacteremia and dynamic, temporally regulated immune responses. This study provides novel insight into the kinetics of innate and adaptive immunity during feline <em>B. henselae</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 111077"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune profiling of the buffalo mammary gland across graded low somatic cell counts under tropical conditions","authors":"Manisha Choudhary,&nbsp;Ajay Kumar Dang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Milk somatic cell count (SCC) indicates udder health and milk quality, but levels much lower than the normal range may signal mammary gland immunocompromise. This study evaluated the immunological status of the buffalo mammary gland across graded low SCC levels under non-infectious conditions (&lt;2 ×10⁵ cells/mL). Forty-eight clinically healthy Murrah buffaloes in early lactation were categorized into four SCC groups: Group 1 (0.20–0.60 ×10⁵ cells/mL), Group 2 (0.61–0.90 ×10⁵ cells/mL), Group 3 (0.91–1.40 ×10⁵ cells/mL), and Group 4 (1.41–1.90 ×10⁵ cells/mL). Buffaloes were screened using the California mastitis test (CMT) and infrared thermography (IRT) to eliminate subclinical mastitis (SCM). Immunological assessments included milk differential leukocyte counts (DLC), phagocytic activity (PA) of neutrophils and macrophages, lymphocyte proliferation response (LPR), cytokine concentrations (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-10), and milk cortisol levels. Buffaloes having low SCC showed predominant lymphocytes along with significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher PA and T-cell proliferation, indicating strong mammary immune competence. With increasing SCC, neutrophil proportion and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2 and TNF-α) increased significantly (p &lt; 0.05). However, IL-10 and cortisol remained consistent across all groups. IRT imaging showed uniform udder temperature, indicating no inflammation. The findings show that very low SCC in buffalo milk reflects immune balance, not immunosuppression, due to effective leukocyte function and cytokine regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 111064"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytokine dysregulation and lymphopenia in dogs naturally infected with canine parvovirus type 2c","authors":"César Pedroza-Roldán ,&nbsp;Mauricio Realpe-Quintero ,&nbsp;Claudia Lisette Charles-Niño ,&nbsp;Jeannette Barba-León ,&nbsp;Jorge Gaona-Bernal","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs, particularly in unvaccinated puppies. Despite its clinical significance, the immunological mechanisms driving disease progression remain poorly understood. In this study, we analysed hematologic parameters, molecular viral typing, and the plasma cytokine profiles of 41 dogs naturally infected with CPV-2c, compared to 15 healthy controls. Lymphopenia and elevated IL-6, MCP-1, IL-8, IL-10, and KC-like levels were strongly associated with mortality. Conversely, lower IFN-γ levels correlated with recovery. Dead dogs exhibited strong correlations between IL-6 and KC-like, IL-6 and MCP-1, and IL-8 and MCP-1. All infected dogs harboured the CPV-2c variant, as confirmed by RFLP and sequencing. Although these results are based on single time-point measurements at admission, they highlight that cytokine profiling, particularly of IL-6, MCP-1 and IFN-γ, alongside lymphocyte counts, may serve as useful biomarkers for disease severity and prognosis in CPV-2c-infected dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 111076"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}