Negative influence of suboptimal quality of drinking water on avian coronavirus pathogenesis and immune response: A Controlled Study

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI:10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110964

Muhammad Farooq , Awais Ghaffar , Ahmed Ali , Ryan Rahimi , Muhammad Azhar , Ishara M. Isham , Heshanthi Herath-Mudiyanselage , Sufna M. Suhail , Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of poor drinking water quality on infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) pathogenesis. Drinking water samples from Alberta layer farms were assessed based on physical, chemical, and microbiological properties. The highest-scoring field water (FW), which is suboptimal with higher pH, hardness and bicarbonate concentration was selected, transported in clean containers, and used in this control experiment. Forty-eight specific pathogen free White Leghorn chicks were divided into four groups: Tap water non-infected (TW-control), field water non-infected (FW-control), tap water infected (TW-infected), and field water infected (FW-infected). They were maintained on their respective water types for 7 weeks. The IBV genome load was significantly higher in the lungs of the FW-infected when compared to TW-infected group at 4 days post-infection (dpi). The histopathological lesion scores in the trachea and lungs were higher in the FW-infected birds when compared to the uninfected controls at observed time points. However, the histopathological lesion scores in the trachea and lungs of the TW-infected birds were not different when compared to that of FW-infected group. In the lungs, the CD4 + and CD8 + T cell populations were significantly higher in the TW-infected group at observed time points when compared to uninfected controls. However, the CD4 + and CD8 + T cell populations in lungs of the FW-infected birds were not different when compared to that of TW-infected group. In the spleen, CD4 + and CD8 + T cell populations were significantly higher in TW-infected and FW-infected birds when compared to uninfected controls depending on the observed time point and we did not observe differences in CD4 + and CD8 + T cell populations in spleen between TW-infected and FW-infected birds. These findings suggest that sub-optimal drinking water can exacerbate IBV infection by weakening immune responses and increasing disease severity. Further studies are necessary to observe the effect of suboptimal water quality on the development of vaccine-mediated immune response. Understanding these interactions is key for improving water management strategies for maintaining poultry health and productivity.

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饮用水质量不佳对禽冠状病毒发病机制和免疫反应的负面影响：一项对照研究

本研究旨在探讨饮用水质不良对传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）发病机制的影响。对艾伯塔省养鸡场的饮用水样本进行了物理、化学和微生物特性评估。选取pH值、硬度和碳酸氢盐浓度较高、评分最高的次优现场水（FW），用干净的容器运输，用于本对照实验。将48只无特定病原体的白来角鸡分为自来水未感染组（tw -对照）、田间水未感染组（fw -对照）、自来水感染组（tw -感染）和田间水感染组（fw -感染）。分别在不同的水体中饲养7周。在感染后4天（dpi），与tw感染组相比，fw感染组肺部的IBV基因组负荷显着高于tw感染组。在观察时间点，与未感染的对照组相比，感染禽流感的鸟类的气管和肺部的组织病理学病变评分更高。然而，与fw感染组相比，tw感染的鸟类气管和肺部的组织病理学病变评分没有差异。在肺部，与未感染的对照组相比，在观察时间点，tw感染组的CD4 + 和CD8 + T细胞群显著高于未感染的对照组。然而，与tw感染组相比，感染fw的鸟类肺部CD4 + 和CD8 + T细胞群没有差异。在脾脏中，根据观察时间点，tw感染和fw感染的鸟类的CD4 + 和CD8 + T细胞群明显高于未感染的对照组，我们没有观察到tw感染和fw感染的鸟类脾脏中CD4 + 和CD8 + T细胞群的差异。这些发现表明，次优饮用水可通过削弱免疫反应和增加疾病严重程度来加剧IBV感染。需要进一步的研究来观察次优水质对疫苗介导免疫反应的影响。了解这些相互作用是改善水管理战略以维持家禽健康和生产力的关键。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 农林科学-免疫学

CiteScore

3.40

自引率

5.60%

发文量

审稿时长

70 days

期刊介绍： The journal reports basic, comparative and clinical immunology as they pertain to the animal species designated here: livestock, poultry, and fish species that are major food animals and companion animals such as cats, dogs, horses and camels, and wildlife species that act as reservoirs for food, companion or human infectious diseases, or as models for human disease. Rodent models of infectious diseases that are of importance in the animal species indicated above,when the disease requires a level of containment that is not readily available for larger animal experimentation (ABSL3), will be considered. Papers on rabbits, lizards, guinea pigs, badgers, armadillos, elephants, antelope, and buffalo will be reviewed if the research advances our fundamental understanding of immunology, or if they act as a reservoir of infectious disease for the primary animal species designated above, or for humans. Manuscripts employing other species will be reviewed if justified as fitting into the categories above. The following topics are appropriate: biology of cells and mechanisms of the immune system, immunochemistry, immunodeficiencies, immunodiagnosis, immunogenetics, immunopathology, immunology of infectious disease and tumors, immunoprophylaxis including vaccine development and delivery, immunological aspects of pregnancy including passive immunity, autoimmuity, neuroimmunology, and transplanatation immunology. Manuscripts that describe new genes and development of tools such as monoclonal antibodies are also of interest when part of a larger biological study. Studies employing extracts or constituents (plant extracts, feed additives or microbiome) must be sufficiently defined to be reproduced in other laboratories and also provide evidence for possible mechanisms and not simply show an effect on the immune system.