Veterinary immunology and immunopathology最新文献

{"title":"Quantification of CD3, FoxP3, and granzyme B immunostaining in canine renal cell carcinoma","authors":"Ashleigh Cournoyer ,&nbsp;Hayley Amerman ,&nbsp;Charles-Antoine Assenmacher ,&nbsp;Amy Durham ,&nbsp;James A. Perry ,&nbsp;Allison Gedney ,&nbsp;Nicholas Keuler ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Atherton ,&nbsp;Jennifer A. Lenz","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density plays an important role in anti-tumor immunity and is</p><p>associated with patient outcome in various human and canine malignancies. As a first assessment of the immune landscape of the tumor microenvironment in canine renal cell carcinoma (RCC), we retrospectively analyzed clinical data and quantified CD3, FoxP3, and granzyme B immunostaining in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 16 dogs diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma treated with ureteronephrectomy. Cell density was low for all markers evaluated. Increased numbers of intratumoral FoxP3 labelled (+) cells, as well as decreased granzyme B+: FoxP3+ TIL ratio, were associated with poor patient outcomes. Our initial study of canine RCC reveals that these tumors are immunologically cold and Tregs may play an important role in immune evasion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 110741"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165242724000278/pdfft?md5=0207131ae67d46ab7ce3dcd0500aedc5&pid=1-s2.0-S0165242724000278-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140181752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Ki-67, goblet cell and MUC2 mucin RNA expression in dogs with lymphoplasmacytic and granulomatous colitis","authors":"Chelsea Lim ,&nbsp;Julien R.S. Dandrieux ,&nbsp;Richard Ploeg ,&nbsp;Cameron J. Nowell ,&nbsp;Simon M. Firestone ,&nbsp;Caroline S. Mansfield","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intestinal mucus barrier disruption may occur with chronic inflammatory enteropathies. The lack of studies evaluating mucus health in dogs with chronic colitis arises from inherent challenges with assessment of the intestinal mucus layer. It is therefore unknown if reduced goblet cell (GBC) numbers and/or mucin 2 (MUC2) expression, which are responsible for mucus production and secretion, correlate with inflammation severity in dogs with granulomatous colitis (GC) or lymphocytic-plasmacytic colitis (LPC). It is undetermined if Ki-67 immunoreactivity, which has been evaluated in dogs with small intestinal inflammation, similarly correlates to histologic severity in GC and LPC. Study objectives included comparing Ki-67 immunoreactivity, GBC population and MUC2 expression in dogs with GC, LPC and non-inflamed colon; and exploring the use of ribonucleic acid (RNAscope®) in-situ hybridization (ISH) to evaluate MUC2 expression in canine colon. Formalin-fixed endoscopic colonic biopsies were obtained from 48 dogs over an eight-year period. A blinded pathologist reviewed all biopsies. Dogs were classified into the GC (n=19), LPC (n=19) or no colitis (NC) (n=10) group based on final histopathological diagnosis. Ki-67 immunohistochemistry, Alcian-Blue/PAS staining to highlight GBCs, and RNAscope® ISH using customized canine MUC2-targeted probes were performed. At least five microscopic fields per dog were selected to measure Ki-67 labelling index (KI67%), GBC staining percentage (GBC%) and MUC2 expression (MUC2%) using image analysis software. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used to determine associations between World Small Animal Veterinary Association histologic score (WHS) and measured variables. Linear regression models were used to compare relationships between WHS with KI67%, GBC%, and MUC2%; and between GBC% and MUC2%. Median WHS was highest in dogs with GC. Median KI67% normalised to WHS was highest in the NC group (6.69%; range, 1.70–23.60%). Median GBC% did not correlate with colonic inflammation overall. Median MUC2% normalised to WHS in the NC group (10.02%; range, 3.05–39.09%) was two- and three-fold higher than in the GC and LPC groups respectively. With increased colonic inflammation, despite minimal changes in GBC% overall, MUC2 expression markedly declined in the LPC group (-27.4%; 95%-CI, −49.8, 5.9%) and mildly declined in the GC and NC groups. Granulomatous colitis and LPC likely involve different pathways regulating MUC2 expression. Decreased MUC2 gene expression is observed in dogs with chronic colitis compared to dogs without colonic signs. Changes in MUC2 expression appear influenced by GBC activity rather than quantity in GC and LPC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 110740"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165242724000266/pdfft?md5=bb95b2aa57d767dc82d7ea49a6cb6b04&pid=1-s2.0-S0165242724000266-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140181881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunophenotyping of canine T cell activation and proliferation by combined protein and RNA flow cytometry","authors":"Xu Zhu ,&nbsp;Kara Rogers ,&nbsp;Christine Bono ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Wang ,&nbsp;Carol Donovan ,&nbsp;Changhua Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The limited availability of canine-reactive monoclonal antibodies restricts the analyses of immune cell subsets and their functions by flow cytometry. The PrimeFlow™ RNA Assay may serve as a potential solution to close this gap. Here we report a blood immunophenotyping method utilizing combined protein- and RNA-based flow cytometry to characterize canine T cell activation and proliferation within individual cells. In this assay, CD69 expression was detected by an RNA probe and CD25 and Ki67 were detected by antibodies. Canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with three agents with different modes of action, anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies, phytohemagglutinin, or phorbol myristate acetate /ionomycin. Robust T cell activation (CD25+ and/or CD69+) and proliferation (Ki67+) were detected. Both CD69 and CD25 appear to be robust and sensitive T cell activation markers with early induction and low background expression. Upon stimulation, T cell proliferation occurred later than T cell activation and was associated with CD25 expression. This canine T cell activation and proliferation immunophenotyping method was evaluated in 5 independent experiments using PBMCs from 10 different beagle dogs with satisfactory assay performance. This method can greatly facilitate the evaluation of immune disease pathogenesis and immunotoxicity risk assessment in nonclinical drug development in canine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 110739"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140134944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in the development and use of monoclonal antibodies to study the evolution and function of the immune systems in the extant lineages of ungulates","authors":"William C. Davis,&nbsp;Asmaa H. Mahmoud,&nbsp;Victoria Hulubei,&nbsp;Amany Hasan,&nbsp;Gaber S. Abdellrazeq","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Details on the origin and function of the immune system are beginning to emerge from genomic studies tracing the origin of B and T cells and the major histocompatibility complex. This is being accomplished through identification of DNA sequences of ancestral genes present in the genomes of lineages of vertebrates that have evolved from a common primordial ancestor. Information on the evolution of the composition and function of the immune system is being obtained through development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the MHC class I and II molecules and differentially expressed on leukocytes differentiation molecules (LDM). The mAbs have provided the tools needed to compare the similarities and differences in the phenotype and function of immune systems that have evolved during speciation. The majority of information currently available on evolution of the composition and function of the immune system is derived from study of the immune systems in humans and mice. As described in the present review, further information is beginning to emerge from comparative studies of the immune systems in the extant lineages of species present in the two orders of ungulates, Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla. Methods have been developed to facilitate comparative research across species on pathogens affecting animal and human health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 110730"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps and active myeloperoxidase concentrate in lamellar tissue of equids with naturally occurring laminitis","authors":"Nazaré Storms ,&nbsp;Geoffroy de la Rebière ,&nbsp;Thierry Franck ,&nbsp;Ange Mouithys Mickalad ,&nbsp;Charlotte Sandersen ,&nbsp;Justine Ceusters ,&nbsp;Didier Serteyn","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laminitis is a pathology of the equine digit ultimately leading to a failure of the dermo-epidermal interface. Neutrophil activation is recognized as a major factor in SIRS-associated laminitis and has recently been described in induced endocrinopathic laminitis evidenced by the presence of myeloperoxidase (MPO). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) are released with neutrophil activation. This study aimed to investigate the presence and activity of MPO and NET in the lamellar tissue of equids presented with naturally occurring laminitis. Samples of lamellar tissue of five horses and five donkeys presented with laminitis, as well as eight control horses without laminitis, were collected. Lamellar tissue extracts were submitted to ELISA and specific immuno-extraction followed by enzymatic detection (SIEFED) assays to confirm the presence and activity of both MPO and NET. Lamellar sections were also immunohistopathologically stained for MPO and NET. Analysis of lamellar tissue extracts revealed that laminitis cases had significantly higher levels of total MPO concentration, MPO activity, and NET-bound MPO activity in comparison to control horses. Moreover, a strong correlation was identified between the activity of NET-bound MPO and the total MPO activity, which suggests that MPO activity partly originates from NET-bound MPO. Immunohistochemical staining showed that MPO and NET labelling in laminitis cases was moderate to marked, primarily in the epidermis and in inflammatory infiltrates containing neutrophils, while labelling in control horses was minimal. This article constitutes the first indication of the presence and activity of NET-bound MPO in the lamellar tissue of horses and donkeys with naturally occurring laminitis. Targeting these substances may provide new treatment possibilities for this debilitating disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 110738"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165242724000242/pdfft?md5=4da08734a216e3ab37016ca3e1d90b5f&pid=1-s2.0-S0165242724000242-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140001666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and development of multiepitope chimeric antigens by bioinformatic and bacterial based recombinant expression methods, with potential application for bovine tuberculosis serodiagnosis","authors":"Cassiano Martin Batista ,&nbsp;Josir Laine Veschi ,&nbsp;Vanessa Felipe de Souza ,&nbsp;Leonardo Foti ,&nbsp;Lea Chapaval Andri","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), which is caused by <em>Mycobacterium bovis,</em> is a single health concern, which causes economic losses, is a sanitary barrier and is a zoonotic concern. The golden-pattern intradermic tests have low sensitivity of about 50%. To fix this sensitivity problem, immunoassays could be a powerful tool. However, few studies produced antigens for bTB immunoassays, which needs improvements. Aim of this study was to produce multiepitope chimeric antigens (MCA) to use for bTB diagnosis. To achieve MCA design and development, extensive bibliographic search, antigenic epitope prediction, specificity, hydrophobicity, and 3D structure modeling analyses were performed, as well as cloning, expression and purification. Seven epitopes from four different target proteins (MPB-70, MPB-83, ESAT-6 and GroEL) were combined in five chimeras containing five repetitions of each epitope to enhance antibodies affinity. 3D predicted models revealed that all chimeras have a high percentage of disorder, which could enhance antibody recognition, although taking to protein instability. Each chimera was cloned into pET28a (+) expression plasmids and expressed in six <em>Escherichia coli</em> expression strains. Chimeras 3, 4 and 5 could be solubilized in 8 M urea and purified by ion exchange affinity chromatography. Against bTB positive and negative sera, purified chimera 5 had the best results in indirect dot blot and ELISA, as well as in lateral flow dot blot immunoassay. In conclusion, chimera 5, an MPB-83 containing MCA, could be used for further studies, aimed to develop a serologic or rapid test for bTB diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 110729"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139812582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine T zone lymphoma is a tumor of mature, previously activated αβ T cells","authors":"Kelly Hughes ,&nbsp;Evan Conaway ,&nbsp;Emily Blackwell,&nbsp;Emily Rout,&nbsp;Janna Yoshimoto,&nbsp;Robert Burnett,&nbsp;Anne Avery","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>T cell lymphomas are a diverse group of tumors found in both dogs and humans, originating from various normal T cell types. Identifying the origin of neoplastic lymphocytes can offer valuable insights into the pathogenesis and clinical behavior of these tumors. T zone lymphoma (TZL) in dogs is characterized by the absence of CD45 expression, a strong breed predilection, and its association with adult-onset demodicosis—a condition believed to be linked to immunosuppression. In this study, our aim was to employ transcriptomic and functional data to determine the normal counterpart of TZL. Identifying the normal counterpart may help us understand both how these tumors arise and explain their clinical behavior. Gene expression profiling using NanoString and RNA seq was used to compare the transcriptome between neoplastic T zone cells, normal canine T cells and publicly available gene sets using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Mitogen, anti-CD3 stimulation and PMA/ionomycin stimulation were used to assess T cell proliferation in vitro, and intracellular cytokine production was measured by flow cytometry. Gene expression profiling revealed that TZL is most likely derived from an activated or memory alpha-beta T cell but the cells do not fall cleanly into an effector subtype. TZL cells express CD4-specific transcription factors GATA3 and THPOK, even though TZL cells more commonly express CD8, or neither CD4 nor CD8. TZL cells produce high levels of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha when stimulated, further supporting the hypothesis that they are derived from an antigen experienced T cell. TZL cells do not proliferate when stimulated through the T cell receptor but will divide when the T cell receptor is bypassed with PMA and ionomycin. The observation that these cells are derived from a mature, previously activated T cell is the first step in understanding the genesis of this unique T cell tumor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 110725"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139733052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunophenotyping of peripheral circulating lymphocytes and serum selenium levels in calves with neonatal diarrhea","authors":"Murat Uztimür ,&nbsp;Ömer Kizil ,&nbsp;Hatice Handan Akbulut","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work aims to: (1) elucidate the immune response exhibited by CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocyte cells in response to various infectious agents in calves suffering with neonatal diarrhea; and (2) determine and investigate the association between serum selenium levels and T lymphocyte subtypes in neonatal calves afflicted with neonatal diarrhea and infected with various infectious agents. The study encompassed a cohort of 50 calves, encompassing both sexes and various breeds, within the neonatal age range (1–28 days old). Subdivided into distinct groups, the calves were categorized based on the causative agents of neonatal diarrhea, including Rotavirus (n = 10), Cryptosporidium parvum (C.parvum) (n = 10), Coronavirus (n = 5), Rotavirus+C.parvum (n = 5), and a Control group (n = 20). Blood samples were meticulously obtained from the vena jugularis of all animals utilizing specific techniques—8 ml in tubes devoid of anticoagulant and 3 ml in blood collection tubes containing EDTA. Serum selenium levels were analyzed by ICP-MS. Flow Cytometry device was used to determine CD4 + and CD8 +T lymphocyte levels. In this study, although there was no statistically significant difference in serum selenium levels between all study groups, it was found that the selenium level in the control group was not sufficient. CD4 T lymphocyte levels, the rotavirus+C.parvum group exhibited a statistically significant elevation compared to the coronavirus group. Regarding CD8 + T lymphocyte levels, the coronavirus group demonstrated a statistically significant increase when compared to the control group. In intragroup analyses of CD8 + T lymphocyte levels, the coronavirus group exhibited a significant elevation compared to the rotavirus group, C.parvum group, and the C.parvum + Rotavirus group. A significant negative correlation was detected between selenium levels and CD4 + T lymphocytes, while no correlation was found between CD8 + T lymphocytes. Fibrinogen concentration exhibited statistical significance, being higher in the Rotavirus group (p &lt; 0.008) compared to the control group, in the C.parvum group (p &lt; 0.004) compared to the control group, and in the Coronavirus group (p &lt; 0.001) compared to the control group. The leukocyte count demonstrated statistical significance, being higher in the Rotavirus group compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.001), in the Rotavirus+C.parvum group compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.002), and in the Coronavirus group compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.011). In conclusion, the data derived from this study illuminate discernible disparities in CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocyte immune responses, contingent upon the specific etiological agent associated with neonatal diarrhea. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of considering selenium deficiency as a relevant factor in calves affected by neonatal diarrhea.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 110728"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139714701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulatory effect of Lacticaseibacillus casei CB054 supplementation in calves vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis","authors":"Carolina Litchina Brasil ,&nbsp;Vitória Sequeira Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Francisco Denis Souza Santos ,&nbsp;Paulo Ricardo Centeno Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite ,&nbsp;Daniela Isabel Brayer Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Probiotics are live microorganisms that, confer health benefits to the host when supplemented in adequate amounts. They can promote immunomodulation by inducing phagocyte activity, leukocyte proliferation, antibody production, and cytokine expression. Lactic acid bacteria (BAL) are important probiotic specimens with properties that can improves ruminant nutrition, productivity and immunity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of the supplementation with <em>Lacticaseibacillus casei</em> CB054 in calve vaccinated against bovine infectious rhinotracheitis (IBR). Calve were vaccinated with a commercial IBR vaccine, on day 0 and received a booster dose on day 21. <em>L. casei</em> CB054 was orally administered (4 ×10⁹ UFC) for 35 days, while a non-supplemented control group received Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS). Stimulation of bovine splenocytes with <em>L. casei</em> CB054 markedly enhanced mRNA transcription levels of cytokines <em>IL2, IL4</em>, <em>IL10</em> and <em>IL17</em> genes. Calves supplemented with <em>L. casei</em> CB054 showed significantly higher (<em>p &lt;</em> 0.05) specific anti-BoHV-1 IgG levels, higher serum neutralization, as well as higher mRNA transcription for <em>IL2, IL4</em>, <em>IL10</em> and <em>IL17</em> genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) comparing with control calves. Supplemented calve had an average weight gain of ∼14 kg more than non-supplemented during the experimental period. These results suggest that <em>L. casei</em> CB054 supplementation increase immunogenicity of a commercial IBR vaccine in cattle and improve weight gain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 110726"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139670132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential to use cannabinoids as adjunct therapy for dexamethasone: An in vitro study with canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells","authors":"Sabrina Dixon ,&nbsp;Arpita Deb ,&nbsp;Todd Archer ,&nbsp;Barbara L.F. Kaplan","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dexamethasone (dex) is a potent glucocorticoid used to treat a variety of diseases. It is widely used in veterinary medicine in many species; for instance, in dogs, it can be used for emergent cases of anaphylaxis or trauma, management of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia or thrombocytopenia, certain cancers, allergic reactions, and topically for skin or eye inflammation. Dex is not without its side effects, especially when administered systemically, which might compromise compliance and effective treatment. Thus, adjunct therapies have been suggested to allow for decreased dex dosing and reduction in side effects while maintaining immunosuppressive efficacy. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential for cannabinoids to serve as adjunct therapies for dex. Immune function was assessed in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after treatment with dex with and without cannabidiol (CBD) and/or Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Dex suppressed IFN-γ protein secretion in a concentration-dependent manner and this suppression by low concentrations of dex was enhanced in the presence of CBD, THC, or the combination of CBD and THC. Similar effects were found with <em>INFG</em> and <em>TNFA</em> mRNA expression. These findings provide a rationale for using CBD or THC <em>in vivo</em> to reduce dex dosing and side effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 110727"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139661905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}