Veterinary immunology and immunopathology最新文献

{"title":"Expression of key immune genes in polarized porcine monocyte-derived macrophage subsets","authors":"Giulia Franzoni ,&nbsp;Floriana Fruscione ,&nbsp;Filippo Dell’Anno ,&nbsp;Lorena Mura ,&nbsp;Chiara G. De Ciucis ,&nbsp;Susanna Zinellu ,&nbsp;Nicolò Columbano ,&nbsp;Simon P. Graham ,&nbsp;Silvia Dei Giudici ,&nbsp;Elisabetta Razzuoli","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Swine are considered one of the most relevant large animal biomedical models since they share many immunological similarities with humans. Despite that, macrophage polarization has not comprehensively investigated in pigs. In this study, porcine monocyte-derived macrophages (moMΦ) were untreated or stimulated with IFN-γ + LPS (classical activation), or by different M2 polarizing stimuli: IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β, or dexamethasone. Expression of key cytokine genes (<em>IL1B2, IL33, IL19, IL22, IL26, CCL17, CCL24, IFNA, IFNB)</em> in macrophage subsets were investigated over time<em>.</em> Expression of the genes encoding the two main enzymes of the arginine pathway (<em>ARG1</em>, <em>NOS2</em>), and molecules related to alternative macrophage polarization in human and mice (<em>MMP9, MRC1, FIZZ1, VEGFA)</em> were also assessed<em>.</em> Stimulation with IFN-γ + LPS triggered up-regulation of <em>IL1B2, IFNB, NOS2,</em> whereas IL-4 triggered upregulation of <em>CCL17, CCL24, CXCR2,</em> and <em>ARG1</em> expression. <em>IL19</em> and <em>IL22</em> expression was enhanced by stimulation with IFN-γ + LPS or TGF-β, but not IL-4, IL-10, or dexamethasone. Our data highlighted some peculiarities in swine, such as induced expression of <em>IL33</em> after stimulation with IFN-γ + LPS, and no up-regulation of <em>FIZZ1, VEGFA</em> or <em>MMP9</em> after exposure to any of the M2 polarizing stimuli. A better understanding of porcine macrophage polarization could benefit translational studies using this large animal model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 110841"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D3 mediates autophagy to alleviate inflammatory responses in bovine endometrial epithelial cells and organoids via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway","authors":"Yalin Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Xie ,&nbsp;Mingzhu Sun,&nbsp;Yujie Zhuang,&nbsp;Jin Zhou,&nbsp;Juanjuan Li,&nbsp;Penghui Yan,&nbsp;Juntao Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a natural anti-inflammatory agent, it remains unclear whether the anti-inflammatory effects of VD3 (1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3) are related to autophagy. This study investigates the impact of VD3 on inflammatory injury, autophagy, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) and bovine endometrial organoids (BEOs). BEECs and BEOs were treated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 24 hours, followed by treatment with LPS+VD3 (50 ng/ml) for 6 hours. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK8 assay. The expression levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TLR4, NF-κB), autophagy markers (Beclin-1, ATG5, ATG7, p62), and components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (PI3K, AKT, and mTOR) were quantified using qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses. LC3B expression was detected by immunofluorescence, and the apoptosis rate was assessed using Annexin V. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TLR4, and NF-κB, along with a notable increase in the activity of <em>CAT</em> and <em>SOD2</em> in the LPS+VD3 group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The expression of autophagy-related factors was significantly increased, whereas the expression of signaling pathway factors was decreased in the LPS+VD3 group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, apoptosis was significantly alleviated in the LPS+VD3 group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Collectively, these findings indicate that VD3 modulates autophagy, attenuates oxidative stress and inflammatory damage in BEECs and BEOs, and inhibits LPS-induced apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 110839"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the phase-specific antibody response in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) after two doses of an inactivated phase I Coxiella burnetii vaccine","authors":"Gianmarco Ferrara,&nbsp;Consiglia Longobardi,&nbsp;Ugo Pagnini,&nbsp;Giuseppe Iovane,&nbsp;Francesco D’Ausilio,&nbsp;Serena Montagnaro","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The control and management of Q fever outbreaks in ruminants are currently based on vaccination. Although buffalo (<em>Bubalus bubalis</em>) are intensively farmed in several countries and represent a reservoir for Coxiellosis, no evidence has been described regarding the efficacy of vaccination in this species. This work aimed to evaluate the humoral response, using appropriate phase-specific ELISAs, and the effects on abortion rate in buffalo by a field study. A total of 15 seropositive and 20 seronegative animals were vaccinated twice, three weeks apart, with a commercial phase I vaccine, and phase-specific antibodies were determined in the course of vaccination. Although anti-phase II antibody reactivity predominated after vaccination compared to phase I, both anti-phase I- and -phase II-antibody-reactivity significantly increased after the first (p = 0.001) and again after the second vaccination (p = 0.05). Seroconversion did not significantly depend on age or natural infection status. Once the vaccination cycle was completed, the herd study observed a reduced rate of abortion and placenta retention. Our data demonstrated that the vaccine principally induced a similar antibody response as in goats and sheep. These preliminary data appeared to support vaccination in buffalo, even in seropositive animals, although further studies are needed to better define the dynamics concerning seroconversion in this species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 110840"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine papillomavirus gene expression and inflammatory pathway activation vary between equine sarcoid tumour subtypes","authors":"Nicholas J. Parkinson,&nbsp;Abby Ward,&nbsp;Alexandra J. Malbon,&nbsp;Richard J.M. Reardon ,&nbsp;Padraig G. Kelly","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Equine sarcoids are common non-metastasising skin tumours in horses, associated with bovine papillomavirus (BPV) infection. Six subtypes are recognised (occult, verrucose, nodular, fibroblastic, mixed and malevolent lesions), with variable clinical behaviour. The pathophysiology underlying varying tumour phenotype is poorly understood, and previous data on associations with viral load have been conflicting. To better understand this clinical variation, we investigated associations between tumour subtype and viral load, viral early protein gene expression, and expression of 10 host genes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 27 sarcoids and 5 normal skin samples. Viral DNA copy number did not differ between subtypes but was significantly higher in animals with fewer tumours. Expression of BPV E2 and E6 was higher in occult lesions compared to fibroblastic or nodular lesions, while E5 expression was higher in previously-treated lesions. Of the host genes, only <em>IL6</em> and <em>IL1B</em> differed between subtypes, with higher expression in fibroblastic lesions, while <em>IL10</em> and <em>CCL5</em> were elevated compared to skin in all lesion types, and elevations in <em>TNF</em> and <em>TGFB1</em> were significant for occult lesions only. Expression of <em>TLR9</em>, <em>ATR</em> <!-->, <em>VEGFA</em> and <em>PTGS2</em> in sarcoids was not significantly different from normal skin, suggesting differences between BPV and human papillomavirus tumorigenesis. Results for BPV viral load and gene expression differed from previous reports and are insufficient to explain the spectrum of tumour phenotypes. Activation of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune pathways in sarcoids could influence tumour growth and effective immune responses, and the contribution of specific infiltrating immune cells requires further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 110838"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the diagnostic and prognostic importance of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alfa (TNF-α), Procalcitonin (PCT), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Haptoglobin (HP) in calves with neonatal diarrhea","authors":"E. Sayar ,&nbsp;İ. Keles","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to investigate the effects of Procalcitonin, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, and Haptoglobin levels on the prognosis of calves classified according to the severity of diarrhea. The animal material comprised 48 diarrheic calves of different breeds and sexes, aged 1‐30 days, and 16 healthy calves aged 1–30 days. The 48 diarrheic calves used were divided into 3 groups, each consisting of 16 calves. Group 1 was designed as Viral (Rota + Corona n = 16), Group 2 as Bacterial (E. coli n = 16), and Group 3 as Parasitic (Cryptosporidiosis n = 16). Each of these groups was further divided into 2 subgroups (moderate and severe subgroups). Blood samples were taken from the diarrheic calves before treatment (0 h) and at 24 and 72 h after treatment. Complete blood count, biochemical, blood gas analyses, and ELISA tests were performed.</div><div>It was determined that 18.75 % (9/48) of the 48 diarrheic calves included in the study died, while 81.25 % (39/48) survived. The highest mortality rate among the patient groups was observed in the severe rota + corona group (37.5 %).</div><div>The average PCT concentration in the diarrheic calves in the Rota-corona and E. coli groups at 0 and 24 hours was found to be higher than both the healthy calves and the diarrheic calves in the Cryptosporidium spp. group (P&lt;0.001). This increase was also observed in the Cryptosporidium spp. group at 72 h (P&lt;0.001). A positive and moderate correlation was observed between Procalcitonin and TNF-α (r = 0.603, P&lt;0.001). As a result, it was concluded that the Procalcitonin value, along with other tests, could be used as a biomarker to determine the prognosis of the disease in diarrheic calves, regardless of the etiological agent. This study was evaluated as an original study in which cytokines and acute phase proteins were investigated before and after treatment, with diarrhea divided into subgroups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 110837"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotype of bovine mononuclear phagocytes– An update","authors":"S.C. Talker ,&nbsp;J.C. Hope ,&nbsp;A. Summerfield","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studying mononuclear phagocytes by flow cytometry is challenging due to their phenotypic similarities and the high plasticity of monocytic cells. Despite these challenges, significant progress has been made in cattle research through multicolor flow cytometry, transcriptomics of sorted subsets, and single-cell RNA-sequencing. Here, we provide an overview of established and proposed phenotypic classifications in the bovine mononuclear phagocyte system and discuss the challenges of marker discovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 110836"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruminant livestock TR V(D)J genes and CDR3 repertoire","authors":"Fengli Wu ,&nbsp;Yunlan Deng ,&nbsp;Xinsheng Yao ,&nbsp;Jun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ruminant livestock exhibit certain immune characteristics that make them valuable models for studying T cell receptor diversity and immune responses. This resistance is attributed to their well-developed immune system, comprising both innate and adaptive components. In this review, we delve into the intricate workings of the immune system of ruminant livestock, focusing on innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Specifically, we discuss the TR V(D)J genes (including TRB, TRG, and TRA/D chain) and the characteristics of the complementary determining region 3 (CDR3) repertoire in bovine and ovine species, shedding light on the diversity and functionality of the T-cell receptor(TCR) repertoire in these species. Understanding the distinct features of these germline genes and CDR3 repertoires is essential for unraveling the complexities of immune responses in ruminant livestock. Lastly, we outline future prospects in this field, emphasizing the importance of further research to enhance our understanding of ruminant livestock immunity and its potential applications in disease management, vaccine development, and breeding strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 110829"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breed variability in the cellular mediated immune response to experimental Neospora caninum infection in heifers","authors":"F. Fiorani ,&nbsp;B. Dallard ,&nbsp;F.A. Cheuquepán ,&nbsp;E. Sosa ,&nbsp;A.M. Pardo ,&nbsp;I. Gual ,&nbsp;E.L. Morrell ,&nbsp;M.S. Marín ,&nbsp;S. Quintana ,&nbsp;G.J. Cantón ,&nbsp;B.S. Valentini ,&nbsp;I.E. Echaide ,&nbsp;S.M. Torioni ,&nbsp;E.R. Cobo ,&nbsp;P.M. Corva ,&nbsp;D.P. Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protozoan parasite <em>Neospora caninum</em> causes abortion in infected cattle while others remain asymptomatic. Host immunity plays a critical role in the outcome of bovine neosporosis. Despite extensive research, there is a critical gap in therapeutic and preventive measures, and no effective vaccines are available. Both beef and dairy cattle can suffer from <em>N. caninum</em>-induced abortions, but cumulative evidence suggests a breed susceptibility being higher in dairy compared with beef breeds. It has been established that the response to <em>N. caninum</em> infection primarily involves a cell-mediated immune response (CMIR) regulated by T-helper type 1 (Th1) cells and specific cytokines. The delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test has been used to measure the ability of livestock to generate CMIR, in the context of breeding for disease resistance and as a method for diagnosis of several diseases. In this study, we evaluated the immune response triggered by an <em>N. caninum</em>-induced DTH skin test between Holstein – a dairy breed intensively selected- and Argentinean Creole heifers – a beef breed with minimal genetic selection- to assess differences in CMIR following experimental <em>N. caninum</em> infection. The immune response, measured through skinfold thickness and histological and immune molecular analysis, revealed variations between the breeds. Our study found an increased CMIR in Argentinean Creole heifers compared to Holstein heifers. Differential gene expression of key cytokines was observed at the DTH skin test site. Argentinean Creole heifers exhibited elevated IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-10, and IL-4, while Holstein heifers only showed higher expression of IL-17. This finding could underscore genetic diversity in response to neosporosis, which could be used in breeding cattle strategies for disease resistance in cattle populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 110828"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the effects of ex vivo hormonal exposure on oxidative responses in equine leukocytes: A preliminary study","authors":"Sarah A. Vaughn,&nbsp;Londa J. Berghaus,&nbsp;Kelsey A. Hart","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Breed differences exist between horses and ponies in circulating concentrations of several hormones, notably ACTH and insulin. These hormones regulate stress and metabolic responses, but in other species, they also impact leukocyte oxidant responses. The effects of these hormones on equine leukocytes have not been evaluated to date. If equine leukocytes are similarly regulated, breed differences in increased plasma hormone concentrations or altered sensitivity to them at the leukocyte level could result in breed-related differences in oxidant responses or oxidative status. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the effects of <em>ex vivo</em> exposure to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), insulin, or leptin on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from leukocytes isolated from horses and ponies. We hypothesized that ACTH, α-MSH, insulin, and leptin would alter oxidant responses from equine leukocytes in a breed specific manner. Blood was collected from 10 apparently healthy Quarter horses and seven Welsh ponies for isolation of neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) via density gradient centrifugation. Cells were incubated with media (negative control), microbial antigens (positive control), or ACTH, α-MSH, leptin, or insulin for two hours. Induced ROS production was quantified with a previously validated fluorometric assay. Data was compared within groups by comparing a stimulant within a group (horses or ponies) to baseline, between groups by comparing horse response to pony response, and among stimulants using one- and two-way, repeated measures ANOVA (P&lt;0.05). There was no significant effect of breed on basal, microbial-induced, or hormone-induced ROS production from neutrophils (P=0.465) or PBMCs (P=0.749), but in neutrophils, a significant interaction between breed and stimulant was present (P=0.037). ROS production from PBMCs from horses after hormone exposure did not differ from cells exposed to media only (P=0.1520–0.8180). Similarly, neither leptin nor insulin exposure significantly induced ROS production from PBMCs from ponies (P= 0.2645 and 0.4678 respectively), but exposure to ACTH or α-MSH induced a significant increase in ROS production (P=0.0441 and 0.0440 respectively) compared to unstimulated cells. Hormones that vary in availability among breeds may induce <em>ex vivo</em> pro-oxidant responses in equine leukocytes, but specific effects are breed-, leukocyte type-, and hormone-dependent. Breed differences in hormonally induced leukocyte ROS production may warrant further investigation in the context of circulating oxidative stress and how this might relate to future disease risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 110827"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative assessment of the performance of a commercial fluorescent microsphere immunoassay and three commercial ELISAs for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae serum antibody detection","authors":"Brooklyn M. Cauwels ,&nbsp;Ronaldo L. Magtoto ,&nbsp;Maria J. Clavijo ,&nbsp;Ana Paula S. Poeta Silva ,&nbsp;Bailey L. Arruda ,&nbsp;Jeffrey J. Zimmerman ,&nbsp;David H. Baum ,&nbsp;Luis G. Giménez-Lirola","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</em> (<em>M. hyopneumoniae</em>) is a significant porcine respiratory disease complex pathogen, prompting many swine farms and production systems to pursue <em>M. hyopneumoniae</em> elimination strategies. Antibody testing is cost-effective in demonstrating sustained freedom from <em>M. hyopneumoniae</em>, often replacing PCR testing on deep tracheal swabs. The process typically involves testing a subpopulation of the herd using an <em>M. hyopneumoniae</em> screening antibody ELISA, with non-negative results further assessed through confirmatory testing, such as PCR. Recently, a commercial (Biochek) fluorescent microsphere immunoassay (FMIA) for detecting <em>M. hyopneumoniae</em> antibodies has been introduced as an alternative to ELISA. Its performance was compared to three commercial ELISAs (Idexx, Hipra, and Biochek) using experimental serum samples from pigs inoculated with <em>M. hyopneumoniae</em>, <em>M. hyorhinis</em>, <em>M. hyosynoviae</em>, <em>M. flocculare</em>, or mock-inoculated with Friis medium. FMIA consistently detected <em>M. hyopneumoniae</em> at earlier time points than the ELISAs, although two false-positive results were encountered using the manufacturer’s recommended cutoff. ROC analysis allowed for the evaluation of various cutoffs depending on testing objectives. Poisson regression of misclassification error counts detected no difference in the Biovet FMIA and Hipra ELISA but significantly fewer misclassification errors than Idexx and Biocheck ELISAs. This study showed FMIA as a suitable alternative to traditional ELISAs for screening purposes due to its superior antibody detection rate at early stages. Alternatively, adopting a more stringent cutoff to improve diagnostic specificity could position the FMIA as a viable confirmatory test option. Overall, FMIA is an optimal choice for <em>M. hyopneumoniae</em> antibody surveillance testing, offering versatility in testing strategies (e.g., triplex FMIA <em>M. hyopneumoniae</em>/PRRSV types 1 and 2) and contributing to improved diagnostic capabilities in porcine health management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 110826"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165242724001120/pdfft?md5=38da75fd7d7c820cbe5a61d2a2b5e4ed&pid=1-s2.0-S0165242724001120-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}