Veterinary immunology and immunopathology最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing Respiratory Vaccination Strategies for Jersey Calves: Impact of Timing and Maternal Antibody Interference","authors":"Mooyoung Jung ,&nbsp;Tai-Young Hur ,&nbsp;Chan-Lan Kim ,&nbsp;Gyeonglim Ryu ,&nbsp;Gi-Won Park ,&nbsp;Seungmin Ha","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) poses a significant challenge to the cattle industry, as it causes substantial economic losses and adverse impacts on animal welfare. This study aimed to determine the optimal timing for respiratory vaccination in Jersey calves, considering age-related responses and maternal antibody interference. Twenty-five Jersey calves were randomly assigned to three vaccination groups based on timing: Group A (14 and 16 weeks), Group B (16 and 18 weeks), and Group C (18 and 20 weeks). Calves were further divided into subgroups based on their initial Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) antibody levels. Blood samples were collected at 8, 14, 24, and 52 weeks of age to measure IBR and Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) antibody levels.</div><div>The results indicated that the vaccination strategy, which considered maternal IBR antibody levels at the time of vaccination, enhanced long-term IBR immunity and influenced BVD immunity. Additionally, calves vaccinated while seronegative for IBR exhibited higher seropositivity at 52 weeks compared to those immunized while seropositive.</div><div>Our findings suggest that the optimal vaccination strategy for Jersey calves involves primary vaccination between 14 and 18 weeks of age, followed by a booster shot at a two-week interval. Furthermore, low maternal anti-IBR antibody levels at the time of vaccination were associated with increased antibody levels at 52 weeks of age and may influence BVD immunity. These findings could inform the development of more effective vaccination strategies for Jersey calves, potentially enhancing BRD management and reducing the economic impact on this breed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 110932"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Bayesian analysis of a competitive inhibition ELISA for caprine brucellosis","authors":"Camila Nayla Foster ,&nbsp;Nolly María Monzon ,&nbsp;Marcelo Lisandro Signorini ,&nbsp;María Natalia Aznar ,&nbsp;Nerina Patricia Aguirre ,&nbsp;Beatriz Susana Valentini ,&nbsp;Victor René Vanzini ,&nbsp;María Belén Novoa","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Caprine brucellosis, caused by <em>Brucella melitensis</em>, is a zoonotic disease responsible for abortions in goats and is endemic in several countries. Control measures include vaccination, serological assays, and culling of infected animals. Sensitive, specific, automatable, and low-cost serological assays are essential for use in endemic regions. This study aimed to develop and validate a competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ciELISA) to detect anti-<em>B. melitensis</em> antibodies in goats. The ciELISA was standardized with pre-dilutions of ISaBmS (1/8 and 1/300) in negative goat serum. Validation was done using 1254 serum samples from non-vaccinated goats: 843 from brucellosis-free flocks and 411 from infected flocks in Argentina. Serum samples were tested with the ciELISA, buffer plate antigen (BPA) test, fluorescence-polarized antigen (FPA) test, and complement fixation test (CFT). The optimal ciELISA cutoff was determined using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, with CFT as the gold standard. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using the Bayesian Latent Class Model (BLCM). The ciELISA showed sensitivity of 98.29 % (95 % CI: 96.4–99.6) and specificity of 98.62 % (95 % CI: 97.6–99.6). The kappa statistic (κ) values between ciELISA and other tests were: BPA (κ = 0.94), FPA (κ = 0.79), and CFT (κ = 0.95). The ciELISA demonstrated excellent performance, being rapid and objective, making it suitable for detecting anti-<em>B. melitensis</em> antibodies in goat serum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 110931"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of an indirect fluorescent antibody test for the detection of antibodies specific for Pajaroellobacter abortibovis in adult cattle","authors":"Myra T. Blanchard,&nbsp;Kassidy M. Collins,&nbsp;Jeffrey L. Stott","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A highly specific, sensitive, and reproducible indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) capable of detecting antibodies bound to <em>Pajaroellobacter abortibovis</em> was previously described and validated for use with bovine fetal fluid. Similar validation has not been demonstrated with cow sera. Adult cattle show no sign of infection with <em>P. abortibovis</em> prior to abortion and therefore it is difficult to identify exposed animals. To address this problem, paired sera from 107 dams, that had lost calves due to EBA, were tested by the <em>P. abortibovis</em>-specific IFAT. Specificity and sensitivity were determined by comparing IFAT antibody titers before <em>P. abortibovis</em> exposure to those at or near the time of EBA abortion. Fifty-six samples from a combination of experimental negative controls and animals originating from non-endemic areas were added to increase the sample size when calculating specificity. None of the 107 sera collected from cows prior to <em>Pajaroellobacter abortibovis</em> exposure had detectable IFAT titers (i.e. &lt;200), nor did sera from non-endemic (n = 46) and negative control cows (n = 10). In contrast, <em>P. abortibovis</em>-specific antibodies titers of ≥ 200 were detected in all 107 serum samples collected at or near the time of an EBA abortion. Specificity and sensitivity for dam sera were both established at 100 % when cutoff criteria for positive tests were assigned a titer of ≥ 200. This <em>P. abortibovis</em>-specific IFAT is a powerful tool for identifying exposure to the etiologic agent of epizootic bovine abortion in adult cattle and will facilitate future studies to better define the geographic distribution of the disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 110927"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood and colostral IgM and IgG B cell repertoires in high, average, and low immune responder Holstein Friesian cows and heifers","authors":"T.E. Altvater-Hughes ,&nbsp;H.P. Hodgins ,&nbsp;D.C. Hodgins ,&nbsp;C.A. Bauman ,&nbsp;B.A. Mallard","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In dairy cattle, genetic selection for higher antibody-mediated (AMIR) and cell-mediated (CMIR) immune responses can enhance disease resistance. Cattle produce a unique subset of B cells with B cell receptors with ultralong complementarity determining regions 3 (CDR3). Antibodies with these specialized structures have superior virus neutralization characteristics. Published studies of B cell receptors with ultralong CDR3s in dairy cattle have been limited by the number of animals examined (1–4 animals in each study), and by varying breeds and ages. The objective of this study was to assess the percentage of IgM and IgG sequences with ultralong CDR3s, and gene usage in blood and colostral lymphocytes from cows classified as high, average, and low immune responders based on their estimated breeding values. B lymphocytes were isolated from the blood of 14 heifers and 7 cows. In addition, cells were isolated from colostrum of the 7 cows. RNA was extracted, cDNA was produced, and IgM and IgG transcripts were amplified using polymerase chain reactions. Amplicons were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing. In sequences derived from blood B cells, AMIR estimated breeding values were significantly and positively associated with higher percentages of IgG ultralong CDR3 sequences. High AMIR cows (n = 3) also produced colostrum with a significantly greater percentage of IgG ultralong CDR3 sequences (18.0 %) than average AMIR cows (n = 4, mean 8.8 %). Larger studies are needed to investigate the association between percentages of B cells expressing IgG ultralong CDR3s and observed health traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 110926"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening, expression, and functional validation of camelid-derived nanobodies targeting RSPO2","authors":"Shaojue Guo ,&nbsp;Zhao Shuaiying ,&nbsp;Kong Yingying ,&nbsp;Junming Tang ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Xu ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Dai ,&nbsp;Yong Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>RSPO2 (<em>R-spondin 2</em>) is a key regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, involved in embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and cancer progression. Despite its therapeutic potential, effective agents targeting RSPO2 remain elusive. To address the unmet need for RSPO2-targeted therapies, we aimed to develop high-affinity nanobodies via phage display and prokaryotic expression, characterizing their binding specificity and functional blockade of RSPO2-LGR4 interactions. This study provides foundational insights into nanobody-mediated inhibition of Wnt signaling, supporting future therapeutic strategies against RSPO2-driven pathologies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Recombinant RSPO2 proteins were constructed and purified using PCR-based recombination. Camels (<em>Camelus bactrianus</em>) were immunized with RSPO2, and phage display was employed to screen nanobody libraries. High-affinity nanobodies were cloned, expressed, purified, and assessed for specificity and binding affinity using biolayer interferometry and protein blotting. Functional validation was performed using TOPFLASH assays to evaluate their impact on Wnt/β-catenin signaling.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nanobodies with high specificity and nanomolar-range affinity constants (KDs) for RSPO2 were identified. The nanobody effectively inhibited RSPO2-induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human renal epithelial cells.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The development of RSPO2-targeting nanobodies offers new prospects for treating RSPO2-related diseases. The nanobody serve as valuable tools for functional research and hold potential as diagnostic and therapeutic agents for RSPO2-driven conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 110922"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of clinical and immunological responses to recombinant canine interleukin-15 therapy in dogs with cancer: A pilot study","authors":"Y.J. Lim ,&nbsp;M.S. Lim ,&nbsp;J.J. Lee ,&nbsp;H. Bae ,&nbsp;Y.J. Baek ,&nbsp;G.S. Kim ,&nbsp;Y. An ,&nbsp;S.K. Kim ,&nbsp;D. Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a pivotal role in innate and adaptive immunity. Therefore, it is a promising therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. Despite growing interest in the use of IL-15 as an immunotherapeutic agent, there have been very few reports on its immunological and clinical effects in canine cancers. In this study, we generated recombinant canine IL-15 (rcIL-15) and evaluated its clinical and immunomodulatory effects in combination with metronomic cyclophosphamide in 15 canines with various tumor types. The treatment outcomes were assessed in a prospective clinical trial. Low-dose cyclophosphamide (12.5 mg/m², PO, SID) was continuously administered for 8 weeks. Starting on day 14, after administering cyclophosphamide, rcIL-15 (20 μg/kg daily) was injected intravenously for 8 days. The disease control rate for combination therapy was 66.6 %, with the most notable partial response accounting for 33.3 % of hematological malignancies. The adverse events were minimal and primarily of grade 1 severity. Moreover, rcIL-15 administration led to significant elevations in anticancer lymphocyte subsets, such as natural killer and cytotoxic T cells, along with increased Ki-67 expression, indicating cellular proliferation. These changes were correlated with improved clinical outcomes. Our findings underscore the therapeutic potential and safety of combining rcIL-15 and metronomic cyclophosphamide for the treatment of various canine cancers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 110923"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of B4-100 and B4-C4, clonal canine multiple myeloma cell lines and their application in generating monoclonal antibody-producing fully canine hybridomas","authors":"Mark J. Micallef ,&nbsp;Kaori Torihama ,&nbsp;Kohei Fujikake ,&nbsp;Akiko Kumagai ,&nbsp;Atsushi Tanaka ,&nbsp;Tomoyuki Kawai ,&nbsp;Kazunori Ueda ,&nbsp;Gakuto Hayashi ,&nbsp;Shoji Ogino ,&nbsp;Toshihiro Tsukui ,&nbsp;Kenichi Masuda","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report on the establishment of the unique canine multiple myeloma cloned cell lines B4–100 and B4-C4, established from the peripheral blood of a canine patient with suspected lymphoma. The cloned cells were analyzed for morphologic traits, proliferation rates, cell doubling times, as well as canine immunoglobulin production by flow cytometry. The cells were found to express IgE in the cell lysate by western blotting but did not express HGPRT, and were unable to grow in hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine medium. When the cells were fused with canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells <em>in vitro</em>, hybridomas producing canine immunoglobulins in the culture supernatant could be generated. To our knowledge, this is the first report on establishment of canine myeloma cell lines and we submit that these cell lines may provide opportunities for the production of fully caninized antibodies with potential for therapeutic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 110925"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a lipocalin-like molecule from Dermanyssus gallinae as a potential vaccine antigen","authors":"Fumiya Horio ,&nbsp;Hikari Seo ,&nbsp;Shwe Yee Win ,&nbsp;Jumpei Sato ,&nbsp;Yoshinosuke Motai ,&nbsp;Shunsuke Yamagami ,&nbsp;Takumi Sato ,&nbsp;Eiji Ohishi ,&nbsp;Naoya Maekawa ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Okagawa ,&nbsp;Satoru Konnai ,&nbsp;Kazuhiko Ohashi ,&nbsp;Shiro Murata","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poultry red mites (PRMs, <em>Dermanyssus gallinae</em>) are hematophagous ectoparasites of chickens that pose a significant threat to the egg-laying industry. The emergence of acaricide-resistant PRMs raises the demand for alternative control approaches such as vaccination. However, several vaccine antigens have failed to suppress the growth of PRM populations in field trials due to difficulties in maintaining antibody levels. In ticks, the molecules exposed to the host, such as lipocalins, can facilitate antibody production, and are therefore considered advantageous as vaccine antigens. Therefore, we focused on a lipocalin-like molecule (Dg-Lipocalin) identified from an RNA-seq analysis reported by Fujisawa <em>et al</em>. (2020) and analyzed its exposure to the host and potential as a vaccine antigen. Western blotting using 500-fold diluted plasma of chickens from PRM-contaminated farms revealed the presence of antibodies against Dg-Lipocalin, suggesting its exposure to the host. To evaluate its potential as a vaccine antigen, PRMs were artificially fed immune plasma with 32,000- to 64,000-fold antibody titers or plasma from PBS-inoculated control chickens, and their mortality was observed for 7 days. In experiment 1, the immune plasma significantly increased PRM mortality compared to the control plasma. However, these effects were not observed in experiment 2, although the total mortality was significantly increased in immune plasma-fed PRMs. Thus, the efficacy of Dg-Lipocalin appears to be limited; however, its exposure to the host may result in sustained antibody titers. Further investigation is required to evaluate its feasibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 110921"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hamster and mouse CD25+CD4+ T cell responses to the C-terminal of leptospiral Ig-like protein A","authors":"Jittima Duangsri ,&nbsp;Chotima Potisap ,&nbsp;Teerasit Techawiwattanaboon ,&nbsp;Kanitha Patarakul ,&nbsp;Rasana W. Sermswan ,&nbsp;Surasakdi Wongratanacheewin","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leptospirosis is a major public health problem in humans and animals worldwide. The variable carboxy-terminal domain 7–13 of LigA (LigAc) is currently the most promising immunogen for the leptospirosis subunit vaccine. Its protective evidence was investigated in susceptible hamsters whose immunity was mostly based on the knowledge of resistant mice. The difference in immunity of these two animals might be an obstacle to successful vaccine development. The protective immunity induced by LigAc was reported to be specific antibodies while T-cell-mediated immunity has never been investigated. We reported for the first time that hamsters and mice gave dissimilar T-cell responses. Mice and hamsters were divided into 3 groups: an adjuvant plus recombinant LigAc (rLigAc) immunized, an adjuvant-injected, and a negative control group. Immunizations were done three times at 2-week intervals. The rLigAc-specific IgG antibody titers in rLigAc immunized mice and hamsters were significantly higher than in the control groups but no significant difference between the animals. The percentages of hamster CD4⁺ T cells were significantly higher than those of mice. Mouse CD25⁺CD4⁺ T cells responded to rLigAc significantly higher than hamsters. Interestingly, the rLigAc significantly reduced the percentage of IFN-^γ+CD4⁺ cells in mice (≅30 %) and more decrease (≅70 %) was found in hamsters. Remarkably, it also reduced considerably hamster IL^-4⁺CD4⁺ T cells (≅80 %) but an extremely low decrease in mice (≅20 %). Our result indicated that mice and hamsters gave different responses to leptospiral antigens which might be the possible key that plays a role in the outcome of disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 110920"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short communication: Effects of age on the immune response induced by Brucella abortus S19 or RB51 vaccination in calves","authors":"Maysa Serpa Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Marina Martins de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Eduarda Moraes Magossi Silva ,&nbsp;Lorena Batalha de Souza ,&nbsp;Rafaella Silva Andrade ,&nbsp;Dircéia Aparecida da Costa Custódio ,&nbsp;Amanda Carvalho Rosado Ferreira ,&nbsp;Anna Cecília Trolesi Reis Borges Costa ,&nbsp;Helbert Resende Freire ,&nbsp;Carine Rodrigues Pereira ,&nbsp;Izabela Regina Cardoso de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Júlio Silvio de Sousa Bueno Filho ,&nbsp;Andrey Pereira Lage ,&nbsp;Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vaccination of bovine calves is one of the main policies for bovine brucellosis control in endemic areas. However, the effect of animal age on vaccine immunogenicity is still unknown and could help to determine an ideal age for vaccination, in order to maximize immune response. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the <em>in vitro</em> expression of IFN-γ by stimulated PBMC after vaccination with <em>B. abortus</em> S19 and RB51 strains in calves vaccinated at different ages, between 3 and 8 months. Cell-mediated immune response was assessed through culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and quantification of IFN-γ in the supernatant by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, serological assays were performed using 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), Standard Tube Agglutination (STAT) and Fluorescent polarization assay (FPA) tests. Blood samples and sera were collected in the inoculation day, as well as at 28 and 56 days after vaccination. A generalized linear mixed model was used to evaluate effect of age at vaccination on <em>in vitro</em> production of IFN-γ and no differences were observed comparing the different ages, for both RB51 and S19 vaccines (p &gt; 0.05). A higher percentage of animals vaccinated with S19 at 3–4 months-old [77.28 % (7/9)] returned to the serological negative status at day 56, when compared to 5–6-months [50 % (5/10)] and 7–8 months-old animals [27.28 % (3/11)]. In conclusion, our findings indicated similar levels of IFN-γ <em>in vitro</em> production in animals between 3 and 8 months of age, following vaccination with S19 and RB51 strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 110919"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}