Veterinary immunology and immunopathology最新文献

{"title":"A DIVA-compatible Mycobacterium bovis triple mutant vaccine confers protection against bovine tuberculosis in mouse model","authors":"Federico Carlos Blanco ,&nbsp;Renée Onnainty ,&nbsp;María Rocío Marini ,&nbsp;Laura Inés Klepp ,&nbsp;Rosana Valeria Rocha ,&nbsp;Luciana Andrea Villafañe ,&nbsp;Cristina Lourdes Vazquez ,&nbsp;Ana Canal ,&nbsp;Gladys Granero ,&nbsp;Fabiana Bigi","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a pulmonary infectious disease caused by <em>Mycobacterium bovis</em>, affecting cattle and a wide range of mammals, including humans. Despite its significant impact on global livestock production, no commercial vaccine is currently available, partly due to potential interference with standard diagnostic tests. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of a triple <em>M. bovis</em> mutant lacking the immunodominant antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10, as well as the virulence factor Ag85A. This mutant is compatible with DIVA (Differentiation of Infected from Vaccinated Animals) diagnostics based on ESAT-6 and CFP-10 detection. The triple mutant was assayed both alone and in a heterologous prime-boost regimen using recombinant Ag85A conjugated to chitosan nanocapsules. Protection was assessed by quantifying <em>M. bovis</em> colony-forming units (CFUs) in the lungs and spleen following challenge. Organ homogenates were cultured on solid media, and CFUs were enumerated at five and ten weeks post-plating. At five weeks, all vaccinated groups demonstrated comparable protection in the lungs. In the spleen, both the triple mutant and BCG groups showed reduced CFU counts compared to the unvaccinated group. By ten weeks, lung protection was most pronounced in the prime-boost and BCG groups, whereas spleen protection was restricted to the prime-boost group. At this stage, persistence of the triple mutant was detected in both lungs and spleen, highlighting the need for further evaluation of its residual virulence. Post-challenge immune responses were assessed by measuring CD4 +KLRG1-CXCL3 + T cells, a subset previously associated with protective immunity against tuberculosis, among other T cell populations evaluated. Vaccinated mice exhibited a significant expansion of this population compared to unvaccinated controls. Notably, higher frequencies of these cells correlated with reduced pulmonary bacterial burden, reinforcing their potential as a biomarker of protective immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"289 ","pages":"Article 111001"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GM-CSF-adjuvanted Newcastle disease virus-vectored bivalent vaccine elicits enhanced dual immunity against Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease in chickens","authors":"Qing Wu ,&nbsp;Jinmiao Liu ,&nbsp;Weiyue Cao ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Li ,&nbsp;Huimin Li ,&nbsp;Yuhan Jin ,&nbsp;Zhitong Li ,&nbsp;Xinyu Li ,&nbsp;Wenying Sun ,&nbsp;Lin Bai ,&nbsp;Xinyuan Shen ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Guo ,&nbsp;Guiping Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infectious bursal disease (IBD) and Newcastle disease (ND) are major infectious diseases that endanger poultry. Despite current vaccination efforts, both diseases still occur worldwide. We have developed bivalent vaccines capable of simultaneously preventing ND and IBD, which does not produce mutant IBDV. Using reverse genetics, we constructed a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vector based on the common vaccine strain Clone30 to express the host-protective immunogen VP2L of the IBDV strain and chicken granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The IBDV-encoded VP2L protein and chicken GM-CSF gene were inserted into different positions of the NDV full-length cDNA in various forms to achieve high-level expression. We successfully rescued the ND-AI bivalent vaccines (rClone30-VP2L(P/M)-GM-CSF(P/M), rClone30-VP2L(NP)-GM-CSF(P/M), rClone30-VP2L(P/M)-GM-CSF(NP) and rClone30-VP2L-IRES-GM-CSF(P/M)). The ND-AI bivalent vaccines maintained genetic stability after at least three consecutive passages in chicken embryos and was confirmed to express VP2L and GM-CSF proteins. The replication titers of the ND-AI bivalent vaccines in chicken embryos and cell cultures were comparable to those of the parental NDV strain rClone30. To assess the immunogenicity of the ND-AI bivalent vaccines, it was administered to 14-day-old commercial chicken chicks, and immune responses were continuously monitored for four weeks post-vaccination. By day 10 post-vaccination, the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers of the recombinant NDV vaccine had far exceeded the theoretical protective threshold (4 log2) and remained at high levels for 28 days. Additionally, the levels of IBDV-specific antibodies in the ND-AI bivalent vaccines rapidly increased and remained at high titers for 14 days. Concurrently, the proliferation responses of B cells, CD4 + , and CD8 + T cells were enhanced, and the protein expression levels and mRNA transcription levels of inflammatory factors significantly increased. In summary, the ND-AI bivalent vaccines can stimulate the body to produce a stronger immune response, demonstrating its potential as a vaccine for IBD and ND. Additionally, the addition of GM-CSF can further enhance the immune response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 111002"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy of a field-strain matched bivalent inactivated vaccine against contemporary newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis viruses in Egypt","authors":"Ahmed A. Azab ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Samir ,&nbsp;Salah Zakaria ,&nbsp;Hassna Maged ,&nbsp;Nahed Yehia ,&nbsp;Mohamed Taha ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. El-Sanousi ,&nbsp;Ahmed Aly Khalil","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) cause annual global economic losses exceeding $1 billion in the poultry industry. In Egypt remain major threats to poultry production. emerging variant strains increasingly challenge current vaccination strategies, necessitating more effective control measures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We evaluated a novel bivalent inactivated vaccine (Valley Vac IB3 NDVg7) containing recent field isolates (NDV genotype VII and IBV variant-II) against a commercial bivalent vaccine. Seventy-one-day-old commercial chicks were randomized into seven groups (n = 10). Groups 1,4 and 2,5 received the novel and commercial vaccines respectively, while groups 3,6 served as unvaccinated controls, and group 7 as a negative control. At three weeks post-vaccination, groups were challenged with either NDV-B7-RLQP-CH-EG-12 or IBV-Eg/15170F-SP1/2015. Protection rates, viral shedding, ciliostasis, and immune responses were evaluated using standardized protocols.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The novel vaccine demonstrated significantly superior protection (90–100 %, P &lt; 0.01) compared to the commercial vaccine (60–70 %) against both viruses. Viral shedding in the novel vaccine group was reduced by 2.1 log10 (P &lt; 0.001) by day 5 post-challenge, achieving complete clearance by day 7. Ciliostasis protection scores were significantly higher in the novel vaccine group (87.33–100) versus the commercial vaccine (35–78.33, P &lt; 0.001). Serological responses showed stronger and more sustained antibody titers in the novel vaccine group for both NDV (8.0 ± 2.0 vs 6.7 ± 1.0 log₂, P &lt; 0.01) and IBV (4612.6 ± 839.35 vs 3340.5 ± 1650.16 ELISA units, P &lt; 0.01) through three weeks post-vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The novel bivalent vaccine incorporating contemporary field strains provided significantly enhanced protection against current NDV and IBV variants, offering a promising strategy for improved disease control in endemic regions. These findings demonstrate the importance of vaccine strain matching with circulating field viruses and provide a framework for next-generation poultry vaccine development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 111003"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering an Fc-inert feline IgG1 by targeted mutations: Application to anti-PD-1 antibody development","authors":"Shoma Nishibori ,&nbsp;Yoshiho Takeda ,&nbsp;Masaya Igase ,&nbsp;Takuya Mizuno","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment in humans; however, research on ICIs in cats remains limited, and no clinical trials have been conducted for feline neoplastic diseases. Here, we developed a mouse monoclonal antibody (clone 1A1–2) targeting the feline PD-1 molecule and generated a mouse-feline chimeric antibody (1A1–2-fIgG₁) by replacing the constant region of 1A1–2 with that of feline IgG₁. However, administering 1A1–2-fIgG₁ to cats may deplete PD-1-expressing effector T-cells via complement-dependent cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, as feline IgG₁ binds to CD64, CD16, and C1q. We engineered two 1A1–2-fIgG₁ mutants with amino acid substitutions in the constant region to reduce the interactions between the Fc fragment and C1q or FcγRs and mitigate these effector functions. These mutations successfully abolished the binding to CD64, CD32, and CD16 while preserving the affinity for FcRn, which is essential in maintaining the half-life of antibodies in the blood. Furthermore, the mutants exhibited impaired binding to C1q. Despite these modifications, the mutated antibodies effectively restored IFN-γ production, which had been suppressed by PD-1/PD-L1 signaling in stimulated lymphocytes, to levels comparable to those of the original antibody. These findings reveal that the engineered antibodies have potential for future clinical applications in feline oncology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 111000"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in pigs after intravenous administration of E. coli lipopolysaccharide","authors":"Pernille A. Madsen ,&nbsp;Kevin J. Bogotá ,&nbsp;Darya Vodolazska ,&nbsp;Mette S. Hedemann ,&nbsp;Andrew R. Williams ,&nbsp;Charlotte Lauridsen","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.111004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enterotoxigenic <em>E. coli</em> infection is a major cause of post-weaning diarrhea in pigs and is associated with systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. This study aimed to characterize temporal changes in biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in response to an <em>E. coli</em> lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, providing insights into host immune responses. Ten female pigs (27.9 kg BW; ∼3 months old) were infused with LPS derived from <em>E. coli</em> O111:B4 at LOW (0.75 µg LPS/kg BW) or MODERATE (1.50 µg LPS/kg BW) dosages. Thirteen blood samples were collected via venous catheter at 0 (pre-infusion), and from 0.5 to 72 h post LPS infusion. Rectal temperature, blood cytokines, acute-phase proteins, and oxidative stress markers were measured. A semi-targeted metabolomics approach was applied to investigate oxidative stress markers, including 8-iso-prostaglandin F₂α (8-iso-PGF₂α). Rectal temperature peaked at 3 h and returned to pre-infusion levels by 8 h. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) peaked at 12 h, while haptoglobin peaked at 24 h after LPS infusion. Pig major acute-phase protein (Pig-MAP) peaked at 24 h (LOW) and 36 h (MODERATE). Malondialdehyde (MDA) peaked between 0.5 and 1 h and returned to pre-infusion levels within 12 h. The cytokines IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-1β peaked between 1 and 3 h post-infusion. Moreover, cortisol increased rapidly, peaking at 2 h post LPS infusion. These findings indicate distinct temporal responses of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers following LPS challenge, supporting their use as potential biomarkers for evaluating interventions modulating infection-induced oxidative stress in pigs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 111004"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-vaccination sero-monitoring of bovine calves in Indian subcontinent: A review on progress towards brucellosis control","authors":"Rajeswari Shome,&nbsp;Prabhakar Yellanur Konda,&nbsp;Shanmugam Gandu,&nbsp;Somy Skariah,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar Attiganahalli Muninarayanaswamy,&nbsp;Snigdha Madhaba Maharana,&nbsp;Nagalingam Mohandoss","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brucellosis caused by <em>Brucella abortus</em> remains a major zoonotic challenge in India, causing substantial economic losses in livestock and public health risks. Although India has implemented nationwide S19 vaccination in cattle and buffaloes, comprehensive evaluation of its effectiveness across different regions and between species has been lacking. This study sought to assess post-vaccination sero-conversion rates in calves of aged 4–8 months across five Indian states/union territories (UTs), examine species-specific differences in vaccine response between cattle and buffaloes, and generate practical recommendations to optimize the national brucellosis control program. A multi-phase sero-monitoring study analyzed 19,893 serum samples, comprising 16,085 cattle calves and 3609 buffalo calves during 2021–2024. The samples were collected from Andhra Pradesh, Chandigarh, Haryana, Odisha, and Tamil Nadu and tested using laboratory standardized indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA).Significant disparities were observed between species with overall sero-conversion rates of 75.87 % in cattle versus 67.22 % in buffaloes (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Tamil Nadu demonstrated exceptional performance (84.61 %; 95 % CI: 84.20–84.95), with districts like Namakkal achieving 100 % sero-conversion. Other regions showed varied efficacy: Chandigarh (80.77 %), Andhra Pradesh (69.52 %), and Haryana (69.43 %) consistently exhibited 10–15 % lower rates in buffaloes (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Odisha displayed notable phase-wise improvement (71.84 %; CI: 70.02–71.12), with Jagatsinghpur district reaching 97.85 % and buffalo calves improving from 17.64 % (Phase I) to 57.5 %. While, the S19 program achieves moderate efficacy but highlights species-specific disparities and replicable success models such as Tamil Nadu. Targeted buffalo vaccination strategies and adoption of best practices are recommended to achieve &gt; 80 % vaccination coverage thereby herd immunity. Overall, this study provides an evidence-based framework for strengthening India’s brucellosis control program and contributing to global eradication efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 110999"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upregulation of heat stress and inflammatory genes expression, clinical and hemato- biochemical changes in cattle with heat intolerance syndrome following FMD infection in Egypt","authors":"Emad Abdel-Hamied ,&nbsp;Shaimaa Kamel ,&nbsp;Hanan E. Saeed","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The present study was undertaken to confirm the association between heat intolerance (HI) syndrome and FMD in cattle in Egypt, and to describe the clinical, hematological, biochemical and hormonal alterations, and expression of heat stress and chronic inflammatory related genes in cows in an attempt for understanding and explanation of the pathophysiological changes associated with HI following recovery from acute FMD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seventeen HI affected cows and 10 apparently healthy cows were involved in this work. Animals in the study were subjected to careful clinical examination. ELISA Assay was performed to confirm the previous affection of HI cows with FMD via demonstration of neutralizing antibodies to FMDV.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Lack of tolerance to heat, panting, salivation, dry rough coat, debility, inadequate feeding, reduced milk yield were the most consistent clinical findings in HI cows. Cows with heat intolerance syndrome demonstrated a significant reduction (P &lt; 0.05) in RBCs count, hemoglobin concentration. PCV, MCV and MCHC. There was a significant leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, eosinopenia, monocytopenia and thrombocytopenia in HI cows in comparison with control. Heat intolerance syndrome revealed non-significant change in serum activities of liver enzymes, total bilirubin, total proteins, albumin, glucose, serum creatinine, urea and BUN. However, the serum total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides and triiodothyronine (T3) were significantly decreased. While thyroxine (T4) and cortisol levels were significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) in HI cows in comparison with control healthy cows with controls. In addition to, upregulation of <em>HSP70, HSP90, HSF, IL33 and CASP3</em> genes expression (P &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Upregulated expression of heat shock and inflammatory genes and hormonal imbalance serve as good index for managing HI in endemic regions<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 110998"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of polymeric antigen BLSOmp31 formulated in a new cage-like particle adjuvant (ISPA YOLK) administered by parenteral or mucosal routes against Brucella ovis in rams","authors":"María Celeste Moran ,&nbsp;Agostina Tammone Santos ,&nbsp;Paula Dominguez ,&nbsp;Lucila Moriones ,&nbsp;María Victoria Nieto Farias ,&nbsp;Laura Maté ,&nbsp;Juan Agustín García ,&nbsp;Tobias Kuhn ,&nbsp;Fernando Alberto Paolicchi ,&nbsp;María Andrea Fiorentino ,&nbsp;Marcelo Gastón Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Jorge Pablo García ,&nbsp;Claudio Santiago Cacciato ,&nbsp;Fernando Alberto Goldbaum ,&nbsp;Vanesa Zylberman ,&nbsp;Romina Paola Pardo ,&nbsp;Sabrina Foscaldi ,&nbsp;Claudia María Lützelschwab ,&nbsp;Giuliana Lupi ,&nbsp;Iván Santiago Marcipar ,&nbsp;Silvia Marcela Estein","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Brucella ovis</em> (<em>B. ovis</em>) is the etiological agent of ram-contagious epididymitis, the leading cause of reproductive disorders in flocks worldwide. Although the attenuated <em>B. melitensis</em> Rev.1 strain gives heterologous protection against this pathogen, it has important disadvantages. Subunit vaccines could provide a safer alternative that considers the One Health approach. Polymeric BLSOmp31 was previously identified as a protective immunogen against this pathogen. In our previous work in BALB/c mice, we evaluated the performance of BLSOmp31 formulated in a new cage-like particle adjuvant called ISPA. In the present study, we administered BLSOmp31, which was formulated in a new low-cost variant of ISPA called ISPA YOLK (BLSOmp31/ISPA YOLK). This formulation was given to rams through both subcutaneous and ocular routes. We evaluated the systemic and mucosal immune responses and assessed its protective capacity against <em>B. ovis</em>. BLSOmp31/ISPA YOLK administered by both routes induced systemic and variable mucosal IgG and IgA antibody response, without interference in the serological diagnosis. Additionally, this formulation induced significant specific cellular immune responses and an increase in the relative expression levels of cytokine genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with a mixed Th1/Th2 profile. While this vaccine did not prevent experimental infection with <em>B. ovis</em>, parenterally immunized rams had fewer infected organs and less severe histopathological changes in reproductive organs compared to animals vaccinated by ocular route and non-immunized rams. In contrast, this formulation, whether administered by SC or CONJ route could reduce the elimination of <em>B. ovis</em> through semen, and minimize the risk of spreading the infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 110997"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic and diagnostic value of systemic inflammatory blood markers (NLR, MLR, PLR, AISI, SIRI, and SII) in feline arterial thromboembolism.","authors":"Cagatay Esin, Busra Uzun","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feline Arterial Thromboembolism (FATE) is a challenging problem that requires urgent intervention. This study evaluated inflammatory markers' prognostic value in feline arterial thromboembolism (FATE), a devastating cardiac complication often necessitating euthanasia. We analysed inflammatory ratios (NLR, MLR, PLR, AISI, SIRI, SII) and echocardiographic measurements in FATE cats (n = 25) versus controls (n = 10). FATE patients demonstrated significantly elevated inflammatory markers and cardiac measurements. NLR showed strong correlation with cardiac parameters including LA_MAX (r = 0.629), LA:Ao ratio (r = 0.489), IVSD (r = 0.422), and LVPWD (r = 0.607). Other inflammatory ratios similarly correlated with cardiac measurements. NLR emerged as the most accurate diagnostic biomarker (AUC = 1.000). Median survival time was 334 days overall. Cats with LA_MAX >18 mm showed reduced survival (213 vs. 333 days). High NLR (>8) was associated with dramatically shortened survival (51 days) compared to moderate (5-8; 174 days) and low NLR (<5; 457 days). Elevated inflammatory markers (NLR >2, MLR >0.15, PLR >80, AISI >276, SIRI >1.08, SII >441) indicate poor prognosis. These accessible biomarkers may assist clinicians in emergency diagnosis confirmation and prognostication of FATE patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"287 ","pages":"110980"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterising the innate immune response in breech strike resistant and non-selected sheep to the sheep blowfly (Lucilia cuprina)","authors":"Sugandhika G. Welikadage ,&nbsp;Habtamu B. Derseh ,&nbsp;Trent Perry ,&nbsp;Clare A. Anstead ,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Y. Scheerlinck ,&nbsp;Vern M. Bowles","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breech strike is a major parasitic problem affecting wool-producing sheep. While skin wrinkles and fecal soiling are recognized risk factors, much of the difference in susceptibility between individual sheep remains unexplained. This study compared the early immune response of 3-year-old Merino ewes genetically selected to be resistant to breech strike to that of the non-selected ewes following a brief <em>Lucilia cuprina</em> larval challenge. Fourteen sheep (seven breech strike resistant and seven non-selected sheep) were challenged with <em>L. cuprina</em> eggs at four random sites on their back. Skin biopsies were collected 31 h post-implantation from the four infested and four mock sites (dental plugs without blow fly eggs) from each sheep and analysed using immunohistochemical staining for different cell biomarkers. A Milliplex ovine cytokine/chemokine assay was used to analyse the local cytokine response at these sites. An infiltration of leukocytes was observed at the larval feeding sites that predominantly comprised neutrophils. Significant increases in lymphocytes expressing T cell markers for CD4, CD1, CD8, T19, γδ-T cell, as well as the B cell marker CD45R<strong>,</strong> were observed compared to the mock sites. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-6, IL-17a, and chemoattractants including IL-8 and MIP-1α were significantly elevated in challenged sites. These results demonstrated a selective innate immune response in sheep following a brief larval challenge, which was similar in breech strike resistant and non-selected sheep, suggesting that the observed resistance to flystrike in the breech strike resistant flock is unlikely to be primarily mediated by local innate immune mechanisms at the tissue level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 110982"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}