Veterinary immunology and immunopathology最新文献

{"title":"Establishment of B4-100 and B4-C4, clonal canine multiple myeloma cell lines and their application in generating monoclonal antibody-producing fully canine hybridomas","authors":"Mark J. Micallef ,&nbsp;Kaori Torihama ,&nbsp;Kohei Fujikake ,&nbsp;Akiko Kumagai ,&nbsp;Atsushi Tanaka ,&nbsp;Tomoyuki Kawai ,&nbsp;Kazunori Ueda ,&nbsp;Gakuto Hayashi ,&nbsp;Shoji Ogino ,&nbsp;Toshihiro Tsukui ,&nbsp;Kenichi Masuda","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report on the establishment of the unique canine multiple myeloma cloned cell lines B4–100 and B4-C4, established from the peripheral blood of a canine patient with suspected lymphoma. The cloned cells were analyzed for morphologic traits, proliferation rates, cell doubling times, as well as canine immunoglobulin production by flow cytometry. The cells were found to express IgE in the cell lysate by western blotting but did not express HGPRT, and were unable to grow in hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine medium. When the cells were fused with canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells <em>in vitro</em>, hybridomas producing canine immunoglobulins in the culture supernatant could be generated. To our knowledge, this is the first report on establishment of canine myeloma cell lines and we submit that these cell lines may provide opportunities for the production of fully caninized antibodies with potential for therapeutic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 110925"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a lipocalin-like molecule from Dermanyssus gallinae as a potential vaccine antigen","authors":"Fumiya Horio ,&nbsp;Hikari Seo ,&nbsp;Shwe Yee Win ,&nbsp;Jumpei Sato ,&nbsp;Yoshinosuke Motai ,&nbsp;Shunsuke Yamagami ,&nbsp;Takumi Sato ,&nbsp;Eiji Ohishi ,&nbsp;Naoya Maekawa ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Okagawa ,&nbsp;Satoru Konnai ,&nbsp;Kazuhiko Ohashi ,&nbsp;Shiro Murata","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poultry red mites (PRMs, <em>Dermanyssus gallinae</em>) are hematophagous ectoparasites of chickens that pose a significant threat to the egg-laying industry. The emergence of acaricide-resistant PRMs raises the demand for alternative control approaches such as vaccination. However, several vaccine antigens have failed to suppress the growth of PRM populations in field trials due to difficulties in maintaining antibody levels. In ticks, the molecules exposed to the host, such as lipocalins, can facilitate antibody production, and are therefore considered advantageous as vaccine antigens. Therefore, we focused on a lipocalin-like molecule (Dg-Lipocalin) identified from an RNA-seq analysis reported by Fujisawa <em>et al</em>. (2020) and analyzed its exposure to the host and potential as a vaccine antigen. Western blotting using 500-fold diluted plasma of chickens from PRM-contaminated farms revealed the presence of antibodies against Dg-Lipocalin, suggesting its exposure to the host. To evaluate its potential as a vaccine antigen, PRMs were artificially fed immune plasma with 32,000- to 64,000-fold antibody titers or plasma from PBS-inoculated control chickens, and their mortality was observed for 7 days. In experiment 1, the immune plasma significantly increased PRM mortality compared to the control plasma. However, these effects were not observed in experiment 2, although the total mortality was significantly increased in immune plasma-fed PRMs. Thus, the efficacy of Dg-Lipocalin appears to be limited; however, its exposure to the host may result in sustained antibody titers. Further investigation is required to evaluate its feasibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 110921"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hamster and mouse CD25+CD4+ T cell responses to the C-terminal of leptospiral Ig-like protein A","authors":"Jittima Duangsri ,&nbsp;Chotima Potisap ,&nbsp;Teerasit Techawiwattanaboon ,&nbsp;Kanitha Patarakul ,&nbsp;Rasana W. Sermswan ,&nbsp;Surasakdi Wongratanacheewin","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leptospirosis is a major public health problem in humans and animals worldwide. The variable carboxy-terminal domain 7–13 of LigA (LigAc) is currently the most promising immunogen for the leptospirosis subunit vaccine. Its protective evidence was investigated in susceptible hamsters whose immunity was mostly based on the knowledge of resistant mice. The difference in immunity of these two animals might be an obstacle to successful vaccine development. The protective immunity induced by LigAc was reported to be specific antibodies while T-cell-mediated immunity has never been investigated. We reported for the first time that hamsters and mice gave dissimilar T-cell responses. Mice and hamsters were divided into 3 groups: an adjuvant plus recombinant LigAc (rLigAc) immunized, an adjuvant-injected, and a negative control group. Immunizations were done three times at 2-week intervals. The rLigAc-specific IgG antibody titers in rLigAc immunized mice and hamsters were significantly higher than in the control groups but no significant difference between the animals. The percentages of hamster CD4⁺ T cells were significantly higher than those of mice. Mouse CD25⁺CD4⁺ T cells responded to rLigAc significantly higher than hamsters. Interestingly, the rLigAc significantly reduced the percentage of IFN-^γ+CD4⁺ cells in mice (≅30 %) and more decrease (≅70 %) was found in hamsters. Remarkably, it also reduced considerably hamster IL^-4⁺CD4⁺ T cells (≅80 %) but an extremely low decrease in mice (≅20 %). Our result indicated that mice and hamsters gave different responses to leptospiral antigens which might be the possible key that plays a role in the outcome of disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 110920"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short communication: Effects of age on the immune response induced by Brucella abortus S19 or RB51 vaccination in calves","authors":"Maysa Serpa Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Marina Martins de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Eduarda Moraes Magossi Silva ,&nbsp;Lorena Batalha de Souza ,&nbsp;Rafaella Silva Andrade ,&nbsp;Dircéia Aparecida da Costa Custódio ,&nbsp;Amanda Carvalho Rosado Ferreira ,&nbsp;Anna Cecília Trolesi Reis Borges Costa ,&nbsp;Helbert Resende Freire ,&nbsp;Carine Rodrigues Pereira ,&nbsp;Izabela Regina Cardoso de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Júlio Silvio de Sousa Bueno Filho ,&nbsp;Andrey Pereira Lage ,&nbsp;Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vaccination of bovine calves is one of the main policies for bovine brucellosis control in endemic areas. However, the effect of animal age on vaccine immunogenicity is still unknown and could help to determine an ideal age for vaccination, in order to maximize immune response. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the <em>in vitro</em> expression of IFN-γ by stimulated PBMC after vaccination with <em>B. abortus</em> S19 and RB51 strains in calves vaccinated at different ages, between 3 and 8 months. Cell-mediated immune response was assessed through culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and quantification of IFN-γ in the supernatant by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, serological assays were performed using 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), Standard Tube Agglutination (STAT) and Fluorescent polarization assay (FPA) tests. Blood samples and sera were collected in the inoculation day, as well as at 28 and 56 days after vaccination. A generalized linear mixed model was used to evaluate effect of age at vaccination on <em>in vitro</em> production of IFN-γ and no differences were observed comparing the different ages, for both RB51 and S19 vaccines (p &gt; 0.05). A higher percentage of animals vaccinated with S19 at 3–4 months-old [77.28 % (7/9)] returned to the serological negative status at day 56, when compared to 5–6-months [50 % (5/10)] and 7–8 months-old animals [27.28 % (3/11)]. In conclusion, our findings indicated similar levels of IFN-γ <em>in vitro</em> production in animals between 3 and 8 months of age, following vaccination with S19 and RB51 strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 110919"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between liver and rumen fluke infections, milk somatic cells and polymorphisms in the Toll-like receptor 5 gene and vitamin D metabolism-related genes in Holstein dairy cows","authors":"Fatemeh Gheitanchi ,&nbsp;Isabella Jasmin Giambra ,&nbsp;Anna Sophie Hecker ,&nbsp;Christina Strube ,&nbsp;Sven König ,&nbsp;Katharina May","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated polymorphisms in the genes <em>CYP3A4</em>, <em>CYP2R1,</em> and <em>TLR5,</em> and their associations with liver fluke (<em>Fasciola hepatica</em>) and rumen fluke (<em>Calicophoron / Paramphistomum</em> spp.) infections as well as with milk somatic cell count (SCC) as an indicator for mastitis in Holstein Friesian dairy cows. DNA sequencing of the genes’ exons, 5′-, 3′-untranslated regions (UTR), introns, and flanking regions of 24 cows revealed 442 variants (388 SNPs and 54 InDels) including 116 previously unknown variants. We detected three novel non-synonymous variants leading to the derived amino acid exchanges, i.e. <em>CYP3A4</em> p<em>.</em>Gly197Ser, <em>CYP3A4</em> p.Ile388Val, and <em>CYP2R1</em> p.Val11Ala. The newly identified SNP 25:36589922 T &gt; C (ss11846100002) is positioned in the splice site of <em>CYP3A4</em>, but showed no impact on the binding score of the splice enzymes. The <em>CYP2R1</em> and <em>TLR5</em> genes presented 11 SNPs in the 5′- and 3′-UTR, partly influencing transcription factor binding or microRNA target sites. Associations between polymorphisms and constructed haplotypes with infection traits were analysed via (generalized) linear mixed models including further potential confounders. In total, 109 variants in <em>CYP3A4,</em> 37 variants in <em>CYP2R1</em>, and 18 variants in <em>TLR5</em> were significantly associated with <em>F. hepatica</em> and rumen fluke infections, and with SCC. The <em>CYP2R1</em> and <em>TLR5</em> variants were mostly linked to SCC, indicating the genes’ roles in immune responses to bacterial infections. Haplotype analysis revealed significant associations between specific <em>CYP3A4</em> haplotypes and <em>F. hepatica</em> worm count and faecal egg counts. This study revealed significant insights into gene polymorphisms related to vitamin D metabolism and immune response, which seem to play a role in helminth and udder infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 110911"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis reactivity levels through passive immunization in Jersey calves","authors":"Seungmin Ha ,&nbsp;Seogjin Kang ,&nbsp;Mooyoung Jung ,&nbsp;Ui-Hyung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1), is a major viral disease affecting cattle worldwide. Passive immunity from colostrum is crucial for protecting neonatal calves; however, maternally derived antibodies can interfere with vaccine efficacy, making it vital to understand their dynamics to optimize vaccination timing. This study examined the persistence of IBR-specific antibodies in 55 Jersey calves from birth to 12 weeks of age (pre-vaccination stage) and analyzed factors influencing antibody levels. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of dam breed, parity, IBR reactivity, gestation length, calf sex, and birth weight on IBR reactivity in calves at 12 weeks. The results revealed that Jersey calves exhibited high IBR reactivity levels at birth, which gradually declined over the 12-week period. Dam breed, parity, and IBR reactivity at calving significantly influenced calf IBR reactivity levels at 12 weeks of age (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Calves that received colostrum from Holstein Friesian dams, higher-parity dams, or dams with elevated serum IBR reactivity exhibited higher IBR reactivity levels at 12 weeks of age. These findings highlight the critical role of maternal factors in shaping passive immunity and underscore the need for further research into colostrum quality and antibody absorption to improve vaccination strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 110912"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRIM21 interacts with IκBα and negatively regulates NF-κB activation in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis-infected macrophages","authors":"Chanyu Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaohan Wang ,&nbsp;Xincan Li ,&nbsp;Hexian Li ,&nbsp;Qiuyue Peng ,&nbsp;Xiaoxin Niu ,&nbsp;Yutong Wu ,&nbsp;Zhiying Wang ,&nbsp;Zuoyong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis</em>, a zoonotic intracellular bacteria, is responsible for abscesses and pyogranuloma formation of the infected host, which is essentially a chronic inflammatory response. Tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21) negatively regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines production during <em>C</em>. <em>pseudotuberculosis</em> infection, the mechanism of which remains unclear. This study found that <em>C</em>. <em>pseudotuberculosis</em> infection in macrophages induced phosphorylation of IκB and p65. TRIM21 interacted with IκBα by PRY/SPRY domain, stabilizes IκBα and negatively regulates IκBα phosphorylation in macrophages during <em>C. pseudotuberculosis</em> infection. In addition, TRIM21 positively regulates the ubiquitination of IκBα via K48 linkage rather than K63 linkage in <em>C. pseudotuberculosis</em>-infected macrophages. In brief, our research confirmed that TRIM21 negatively regulates canonical NF-κB activation by interacting with IκBα and decreasing IκBα phosphorylation in macrophages during <em>C. pseudotuberculosis</em> infection. Preventing inflammation induced by <em>C. pseudotuberculosis</em> infection through regulation of the NF-κB pathway is a potential way to control this pathogen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 110910"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Major membrane protein of Mycobacterium avium subp. paratuberculosis activates immune and autophagic pathways in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages","authors":"Jong Hyuk Kim ,&nbsp;Donghee Lee ,&nbsp;Kevin Hall ,&nbsp;Hyunji Jo ,&nbsp;John P. Bannantine ,&nbsp;William C. Davis ,&nbsp;Cleverson de Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mycobacterium avium</em> subspecies <em>paratuberculosis</em> (<em>Map</em>), the etiological agent of Johne’s disease in ruminants, poses challenges to veterinary health and food safety. Despite an immune response that partially controls early infection, <em>Map</em> persists in macrophages through mechanisms not well understood. Here, we explored how the <em>Map</em> major membrane protein (MMP) modulates immune pathways in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMΦs). MMP is a key component of the bacterial cell membrane recognized in cattle with Johne’s disease, making it a critical antigenic target for immune studies. Using high-resolution transcriptomics, we identified that MMP stimulation rapidly activates genes linked to pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling, antigen processing, and presentation via MHC I and II pathways. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses highlighted upregulation of TNF, IL-17, and NF-κB signaling cascades, suggesting an immune signaling that may foster cytotoxic T cell development. Phosphorylation assays confirmed that MMP triggers MAPK activation within minutes, implicating both p38 and JNK1/2 in early macrophage responses. Machine learning approaches revealed subtle yet significant MMP-specific gene signatures including <em>ATG5</em> and <em>ATG12</em>, implicated in autophagosome assembly. These findings point to a dynamic interplay between antibacterial autophagy and immunostimulatory pathways elicited by MMP in bovine macrophages. Importantly, our results suggest the relevance of MMP as a potential vaccine target, as it not only elicits immune-activating signals but also engages host defenses critical to restricting <em>Map</em> survival. Overall, this work provides an <em>ex vivo</em> framework for delineating the molecular underpinnings of <em>Map</em> infection, offering new insights into macrophage-based immunity and informing development of novel therapeutic and prophylactic strategies against paratuberculosis. Our data open avenues for translational studies, illuminating the interplay between MMP, macrophages, and protective host immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 110901"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting tribromoethanol as a safe and effective murine anesthetic for veterinary clinical and biomedical research","authors":"Catherine Black ,&nbsp;Stephen B. Harvey ,&nbsp;Steven D. Holladay ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Howerth ,&nbsp;Robert Jeff Hogan ,&nbsp;Harrison C. Bergeron ,&nbsp;Robert M. Gogal Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mus musculus</em>, the house mouse, is the most widely used mammalian model in biomedical research. Mice frequently undergo injectable anesthesia for numerous research procedures, with the most common anesthetic protocol being ketamine-xylazine (K/X). 2,2,2-Tribromoethanol (TBE), a non-regulated chemical, is also used, but has been linked to peritonitis. The focus of this study was to directly compare these two anesthetic protocols by evaluating induction rates, recovery times, organ weight data, and immune endpoints. Forty-five CD-1 female (8–10 week-old) mice were divided into three experiments. Two anesthetic events were performed 2 weeks apart. For each experiment, mice received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of sterile phosphate buffered saline, (PBS; n = 3 mice), an IP injection of K/X (n = 6 mice), or an IP injection of sterile TBE (n = 6 mice). In a separate third anesthetic event (n = 5 mice/treatment), post-treatment peripheral blood and peritoneal lavage samples were collected for a 9-plex cytokine analysis. Mice were euthanized 2 weeks after the last anesthetic event. Induction rates were non-significantly but numerically more rapid with TBE as compared to K/X, at 2.7 ± 0.6 min and 4.0 ± 0.7 min, respectively. TBE mice had significantly more rapid recovery time (∼25 min) compared to K/X (∼50 min), which also had 50 % anesthetic mortalities. Organ weight ratios, immune phenotype, cytology, serum and peritoneal lavage cytokine levels, and histopathology were unremarkable. TBE performed better and more safely as a murine anesthetic for light anesthesia compared to K/X based on recovery times, no mortalities, and an absence of local and systemic inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 110909"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy-induced changes in the toll-like receptor pathway in the ovine duodenum","authors":"Linna Gao ,&nbsp;Haiquan Ding ,&nbsp;Qianqian Shi ,&nbsp;Xinxin Wang,&nbsp;Leying Zhang,&nbsp;Ling Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling plays a key role in the intestinal innate and adaptive immune responses, and pregnancy has effects on intestinal length and villus height. Nevertheless, it is unclear if early pregnancy modulates the expression of TLR members in the duodenum of ewes. In this study, ovine duodenums were obtained at day 16 of the estrous cycle (N16), and days 13, 16, and 25 of gestation (P13, P16, and P25) from ewes, and mRNA and protein expression of TLR members were analyzed. The results showed that early pregnancy increased the expression of TLR3, TLR5, and TRAF6, but did not influence TLR4 expression. In addition, there were increases in expression of TLR2, MyD88, and IRAK1 at P13 and P16, or only at P16 compared to N16 and P25. In summary, these data suggest that early pregnancy modulates the TLR signal pathway in the maternal duodenum, which may be related to the immunoregulation and adaptation of the maternal duodenum in the ovine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 110900"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}