Veterinary immunology and immunopathology最新文献

{"title":"Cancer-testis antigen expression in canine melanoma and healthy tissues","authors":"Esther Hindriks ,&nbsp;Wilhelmina Bergmann ,&nbsp;Aitor Martínez Ruiz ,&nbsp;Raffaella De Maria ,&nbsp;Maurice M.J.M. Zandvliet ,&nbsp;Alice J.A.M. Sijts ,&nbsp;Femke Broere","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are promising targets for immuno-oncotherapy. They offer the potential to treat cancers for which effective systemic therapies are lacking, including canine malignant melanoma (CMM). In this study, we investigate the suitability of eight canine orthologs of human CTAs as targets for immunotherapy, including cancer-associated gene 1 (CAGE1), CCCTC-binding factor (CTCFL), DEAD-box helicase 53 (DDX53), the melanoma antigen gene (MAGE), 5′-nucleotidase, cytosolic IB (NT5C1B), P antigen family member 3-like (PAGE3-like), preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME), and synovial sarcoma X chromosome breakpoint (SSX). MAGE proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry in 12.1 % (4/33) of CMM cases, including digital and oral melanoma, with healthy tissue expression restricted to the testis. CTA mRNA was detected by Real-time PCR in canine testis and validated through gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing. MAGE, PAGE3-like, and PRAME mRNA were strongly expressed in canine oral melanoma and metastatic cell lines with restricted expression in normal tissues. CAGE1, CTCFL, DDX53, and SSX6 were only weakly expressed or absent in canine oral melanoma. CTCFL and DDX53 expression in healthy tissues was not restricted to the testis, as moderate expression was found in the kidney. These results suggest that dogs express CTAs, similar to humans, and thus CTAs may serve as a target for immunotherapy in dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 110946"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of serum serotonin as a biomarker of intestinal inflammation in calves","authors":"Murat UZTİMÜR ,&nbsp;Aysu Ece ŞENGÜL ,&nbsp;Cennet Nur ÜNAL","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The functions of serotonin have been demonstrated in detail in many different subjects such as aggression, depression and inflammation in human medicine. However, information about the functional effects of serotonin concentration in veterinary medicine is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of serotonin as an inflammatory marker in calves with acute diarrhea. A total of 40 calves, 30 with acute diarrhea and 10 control animals were evaluated. In this study, etiological agents responsible for diarrhea in calves (rotavirus, coronavirus, E. coli, Giardia lamblia, and C. parvum) were identified using immunochromatographic rapid test kits. While serotonin analyses were performed with a high-performance liquid chromatogram, biochemical analyses were performed with an automatic chemistry device. Serotonin (P &lt; 0.001), SAA (P &lt; 0.001), WBC (P &lt; 0.001) and HCT (P &lt; 0.005) levels of calves with acute diarrhea are statistically significantly higher than the control group. In contrast, sodium (P &lt; 0.011) levels of calves with acute diarrhea are significantly lower than the control group. In calves with acute diarrhea, serum serotonin concentration was determined as AUC 0.89; sensitivity 80 %; specificity 80 %, cut-off 135.63 µg/l and p &lt; 0.001. In conclusion, in this study, serotonin concentration increased significantly in parallel with the increase in haptoglobulin and SAA concentration in calves with acute diarrhea, and thus the results obtained show that serotonin can be used as an inflammatory biomarker in calves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 110947"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humoral and cell-mediated immune response against the Mce2B (Rv0590/Mb0605) cell-wall protein of Mycobacterium bovis","authors":"Ximena Ferrara Muñiz ,&nbsp;Micaela Encinas ,&nbsp;Wanderson Marques da Silva ,&nbsp;Sergio Gabriel Garbaccio ,&nbsp;Carlos Javier Garro ,&nbsp;Romina Ayelén Sammarruco ,&nbsp;Hugo Adrián Carignano ,&nbsp;María Verónica Bianco ,&nbsp;Ángel Adrián Cataldi ,&nbsp;Martín José Zumárraga ,&nbsp;María Emilia Eirin","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease with global distribution. Improved diagnosis is essential thus, research into new diagnostic reagents is valuable. The Mce2B recombinant protein was evaluated as an inducer of immune response The research involved naturally infected cattle with different immunological profiles. Moderate homology (≥ 40 %) between Mce2B of <em>M. bovis</em> and homologous proteins in non-tuberculous mycobacteria was corroborated, as well as the presence of epitopes restricted by the bovine leucocyte antigen class II. Despite this prediction, cell-mediated responses to Mce2B were undetectable in caudal fold tuberculin skin test (CF-TST) positive and non-infected animals. In CF-TST false-negative cattle, a minimal cell-mediated response was observed (5 %; IC 95 %: 0.13–24.9), lower than that elicited by PPDB (35 %; IC 95 %: 15,4–59,2) (<em>p</em> = 0.046) but identical to the recombinant Fusion Protein including ESAT-6, CFP-10, EspC antigens (5 %; IC 95 %: 34.9–96.8). Marginal humoral response (33.3 %; IC 95 %: 4.3–77.7) was observed in the non-infected group. These findings demonstrate that the Mce2B protein is not a suitable antigen for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 110938"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the serological responses in pigs after oral vaccination against classical swine fever using two different types of bait","authors":"Steffen Ortmann ,&nbsp;Thomas Lindner ,&nbsp;Denise Meyer ,&nbsp;Anastasia Wiedemann ,&nbsp;Alexander Postel ,&nbsp;Paul Becher ,&nbsp;Ad Vos","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a complementary tool for control of classical swine fever (CSF) in wild boar vaccine baits containing the attenuated and highly efficacious C-strain have been distributed in several countries. Several issues have been identified with the present available bait system, like relatively low uptake by piglets, melting point and mechanical stability. Hence, an alternative bait system has been developed including a more thermo-stable bait matrix and vaccine container. In the present study, the attractiveness and the capability of inducing an adequate immune response of this new bait system (IP) was compared with the present available product (CP) in two groups of 25 pigs each. The pigs of each group were offered the respective bait individually, and the animals were bled at 14 days prior to vaccination and 28 - and 42-days post vaccination (dpv). Blood samples were examined for antibodies in ELISA and virus neutralizing test (VNT). Two and one animal in the CP and IP group refused to consume the bait, respectively. The IP was significantly more rapidly consumed than the CP (p = 0.021). All animals that consumed a bait in both groups tested seropositive in VNT (≥10 ND₅₀) at 28 dpv and reached antibody titers above the threshold for protective immunity (32 ND₅₀) at 42 dpv. Hence, it can be concluded that the new bait system can induce an adequate immune response in pigs after the consumption of a single bait.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 110937"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haemonchus contortus parasitic stages development and host immune responses in lambs of different sheep breeds","authors":"Cintia Hiromi Okino ,&nbsp;Hornblenda Joaquina Silva Bello ,&nbsp;Simone Cristina Méo Niciura ,&nbsp;Gláucia Roberta Melito ,&nbsp;Amanda Freitas da Cunha ,&nbsp;Estevão Camillo da Costa ,&nbsp;Emanuelle Martins de Campos ,&nbsp;Rafaela Tami Ikeda Kapritchkoff ,&nbsp;Alessandro Pelegrine Minho ,&nbsp;Sérgio Novita Esteves ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina de Souza Chagas","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Variable host resistance against <em>Haemonchus contortus</em> infection was extensively associated with sheep breed, but the mechanisms responsible for the enhanced resistance remains scarcely elucidated. The aim of the present study was compare the phenotypic profile of three breeds (Santa Inês, Texel and White Dorper) with the relative expression of immune-related genes in the abomasal mucosa of sheep breeds infected with <em>H. contortus</em>. Besides, these phenotypic profiles were compared with relative expression of immune related genes in the animal abomasum. Decreasing resistance against <em>H. contortus</em> infection among sheep breeds was observed in the following order: Santa Inês, Texel and White Dorper. Differential local immune responses were developed during chronic infection, wherein both Santa Inês and White Dorper presented high activity of innate receptors, especially <em>TLR2</em>, while Th2 related transcripts trended to be superior in the Texel lambs. The White Dorper lambs also presented increased local inflammation since most inflammatory related genes, including the pro-inflammatory mediators <em>NFKBIA</em> and <em>IL1B</em>, and anti-inflammatory cytokines <em>IL10</em> and <em>TGF</em> were upregulated. The host responses to different parasite stages were characterised by <em>TLR2</em> activity during earlier stages, while complement activity (<em>CFI</em>) was involved in the clearance of latter parasite stages. Further, <em>TLR4</em> activity affected the responses to both early and late parasite stages. To our knowledge, this is the first study to point out for differential immune responses among sheep breeds and to different <em>H. contortus</em> parasitic stages. The better elucidation of these host-parasite interactions may improve the immune-prophylactic management of haemonchosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 110936"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced apoptosis in damaged laminar tissue of acute laminitis induced by oligofructose overload in dairy cows","authors":"Muhammad Abid Hayat ,&nbsp;Jiafeng Ding ,&nbsp;Xianhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Jiantao Zhang ,&nbsp;Hong Bin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dairy cow laminitis leads to massive financial losses and animal health issues in the worldwide dairy sector. Apoptosis may be an important factor in the epidermal attachment failure. This study explored the laminar tissue apoptotic-related gene and protein status with oligofructose (OF)-induced laminitis in dairy cows. Twelve clinically healthy, non-pregnant Chinese Holstein cows were randomly divided into two groups of six cows each: the control group and the oligofructose overload group (OF group), respectively. At 0 h, 17 g/kg BW of OF dissolved in 20 mL/kg BW of warm deionized water was gavaged to the OF dairy cows through a stomach tube, while the control cows were given the same dose of deionized water in the same way. After 72 h, laminar tissue samples in both groups were collected to express genes and proteins. Compared with the control cows, the gene expression of Bcl2 significantly reduced in the OF cows laminar tissue. The gene expression of Bax and P53 significantly enhanced in the laminar tissue of OF cows compared to the control cows. The expression of Bcl2 protein significantly decreased, whereas the expression of Bax and Bif1, caspase3, caspase8, and caspase9/9p proteins significantly increased in the OF cows' laminar tissues than in the control cows. However, the distribution of Bax and P53 proteins significantly enhanced in the OF cows' laminar tissues relative to the control cows. In conclusion, imbalanced gene and protein status may represent the primary cause of the epidermal attachment failure, which confirmed the increased apoptosis in laminar tissue of sick cows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 110935"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity assessment of a swine fever-swine circovirus type 2 duplex vaccine candidate created using the Zera nanoparticle delivery method","authors":"Pu Wang ,&nbsp;Gang Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiang Liu ,&nbsp;Lingling Jiang ,&nbsp;XiaoXia Niu ,&nbsp;Min Fang ,&nbsp;Weifeng Gao ,&nbsp;Yulong He ,&nbsp;Yong Li ,&nbsp;Jianhong Shu ,&nbsp;Sinong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and porcine circovirus (PCV) are the primary pathogens of swine fever and pig circovirus infections, respectively. Co-infections with these diseases result in severe economic losses for the swine sector. To prevent and control the disease, immunization is the primary technique for reducing co-infections and economic losses. In this work, we created a new nanoparticle vaccine using a Zera nanoparticle delivery system that expressed swine fever virus E0 and E2 proteins as well as porcine circovirus Cap proteins. We then inoculated BALB/c mice to test the vaccine's immunogenicity. The findings revealed that this nanoparticle vaccine could stimulate the mouse organism to produce high levels of humoral and cellular immunity, making it a promising candidate for the development of subunit vaccines against swine fever and swine circulatory-associated diseases. This study also provides ideas for other disease vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 110929"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of infectious bursal disease virus infection on the expression of immune checkpoint molecules in SPF chickens","authors":"Chundi Tian ,&nbsp;Zhihao Ren ,&nbsp;Shang Chang ,&nbsp;Wenping Cui ,&nbsp;Peng Zhao ,&nbsp;Yixin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious, and immunosuppressive avian disease caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Immune checkpoint molecules are vital for regulating immune equilibrium, preventing autoimmune responses, and controlling the scale and duration of immune reactions. These molecules are implicated in the immunosuppressive mechanisms initiated by viral infections. Currently, the correlation between IBDV infection and the expression of immune checkpoint molecules is not clearly defined. In this study, White Leghorn SPF chickens were inoculated with very virulent (vvIBDV), attenuated (attIBDV), or novel variant (nvIBDV) IBDV strains. Using real-time PCR, we quantified immune checkpoint genes and cytokines in the bursa of fabricius (BF), thymus, spleen, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The findings revealed a significant upregulation of immune checkpoint genes (PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, LAG3, CTLA4) in the BF, thymus, spleen, and PBMCs following infection with various virulent strains of IBDV compared to control tissues. Specifically, PD-L1 in BF surged to 7.32-fold (vvIBDV, 3 dpi), 7.44-fold (attIBDV, 3 dpi), and 6.47-fold (nvIBDV, 3 dpi) compared to controls. PD-L2 in spleen surged to 7.66-fold (attIBDV, 21 dpi), and 7.82-fold (nvIBDV, 21 dpi) compared to controls. Moreover, the expression levels of inhibitory and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β2, IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) were notably elevated in infected tissues compared to control tissues, with IL-1β upregulated by 7.47-fold in BF at 3 dpi. TGF-β2 in spleen surged to 8.16-fold (vvIBDV, 21 dpi), 6.33-fold (attIBDV, 21 dpi), and 7.61-fold (nvIBDV, 21 dpi). These results suggest that IBDV infection in SPF chickens induces robust upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules (PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, LAG3, CTLA4) and cytokines (TGF-β2, IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α), correlating with viral virulence and immunosuppression. Our findings suggest that immune checkpoint dysregulation may contribute to IBDV pathogenesis, particularly in mediating sustained immunosuppression in poultry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 110933"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation-derived postbiotics supplementation in sows and piglets' diet on intestinal morphology, and intestinal barrier function in weaned pigs in an intensive pig production system","authors":"Pham Hoang Son Hung,&nbsp;Ho Thi Dung,&nbsp;Le Duc Thao,&nbsp;Nguyen Van Chao,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Hoa,&nbsp;Bui Thi Hien,&nbsp;Anjan Mondal,&nbsp;Victor Nsereko,&nbsp;Le Dinh Phung","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the effects of <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> fermentation-derived postbiotics (SCFP) supplementation on diarrhea incidence, small intestinal morphology, and expression of tight junction genes in piglets. The study compared three groups: a control group (CON), which received a standard basal diet; a standard basal control diet containing 1.0 kg/mT of Beta-glucan 50 % (BG); and a standard basal control diet containing 2.0 kg/mT of SCFP (Diamond V XPC). The experimental design involved feeding the diets to the sows from the day when they were inseminated until their piglets were weaned and to piglets from birth to weaning. Diarrhea incidence was monitored, intestinal morphology was assessed, and gene expression of tight junction proteins (Claudin-1, Claudin-2, Occludin, and ZO-1) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β) was analyzed using qPCR. Results revealed that SCFP supplementation significantly reduced diarrhea incidence and upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins Claudin-1 (1.61-fold) and Occludin (1.90-fold) compared to CON. These improvements were not associated with changes in intestinal morphology. BG supplementation showed intermediate effects on tight junction gene expression but did not differ significantly from CON. These findings highlight the potential of SCFP as a dietary supplement to enhance gastrointestinal health in piglets by strengthening the intestinal epithelial barrier and reducing pathogen translocation. The study underscores the efficacy of SCFP in improving gut health without altering intestinal structure, offering an effective approach to manage pre-weaning diarrhea. Future studies are needed to explore the long-term impact of SCFP on growth performance and immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 110934"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring CD4 +CD8 + double-positive T cells in canine allergy and health: A pilot study","authors":"Elisa Maina ,&nbsp;Bert Devriendt ,&nbsp;Eric Cox","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>CD4 +CD8 + double-positive (DP) T cells are present in low numbers in the peripheral blood of both healthy and sick humans and dogs. In humans, these cells play cytotoxic or suppressive roles depending on the disease, but their function in dogs remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to investigate the presence of DP T cells in a cohort of dogs with adverse food reactions (AFR), compare their frequency among AFR, non-food-induced atopic dermatitis (NFICAD), and healthy dogs (HTY), and evaluate whether DP T cells could serve as a diagnostic tool to differentiate between AFR and NFICAD and identify the culprit allergens in AFR dogs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Peripheral blood samples were collected from dogs with AFR, NFICAD, and healthy controls. PBMCs were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry to assess T cell subpopulations. AFR dogs were grouped by their specific culprit allergens, and DP T cell proliferation in response to each allergen was compared across groups. An overall comparison of DP T cell proliferation was made between the three groups (AFR, NFICAD, HTY) under both stimulated and non-stimulated conditions. The mean percentage of proliferating DP T cells in healthy dogs was used as a cut-off to correlate with oral food challenge (OFC) results.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DP T cells proliferated in all groups, with the greatest proliferation observed in the AFR group when stimulated with food allergens. Statistically significant differences were found between AFR and NFICAD groups, with AFR dogs showing more proliferation. The test identified the culprit allergens in 28.57 % of cases, with false positives occurring in 17.86 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DP T cells showed greater proliferation in food-allergic dogs compared to those with other allergic conditions like NFICAD. Despite these differences, overlapping results indicate that DP T cells are not a reliable screening test for distinguishing allergic from healthy dogs. While the test holds potential for identifying allergic phenotypes, it lacks sufficient diagnostic value for pinpointing specific allergens. Future studies with larger sample sizes and refined methods are needed to improve diagnostic accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 110924"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}