Turkish Journal of Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Electrochemical determination of terbutaline using a SnO₂ nanoparticle-modified carbon paste electrode.","authors":"Rauf Gulamov, Şenol Alpat, Sibel Kilinç Alpat","doi":"10.55730/1300-0527.3907","DOIUrl":"10.55730/1300-0527.3907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Terbutaline hemisulfate (THS), a selective beta-2 agonist, is preferred as a bronchodilator for the treatment of asthma and bronchitis, as well as a tocolytic agent to delay labor in acute situations during premature birth. The use of beta-2 agonists above a certain dose is considered doping in sports competitions. Therefore, it is important that they be determined with high sensitivity and selectivity within a short analysis time. In this study, a SnO₂ nanoparticle-modified carbon paste electrode was developed for the determination of THS. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were employed as electrochemical methods. The operating conditions of the developed SnO₂ nanoparticle-modified carbon paste electrode (SnO₂NP/CPE), including the scan rate, SnO₂ nanoparticle content, and pH, were optimized. At the end of the experiments, the optimum operating conditions were determined to be a scan rate of 10 mV/s, 5% SnO₂ nanoparticles, and 0.25 M acetate buffer at pH 4.0. The analytical parameters of SnO₂NP/CPE were also determined. The linear range of the nanosensor was 2.0-50.0 μM, with a limit of detection of 0.55 μM and a limit of quantification of 1.8 μM. In the reproducibility and repeatability tests, the coefficients of variation for 30 μM THS, based on 10 measurements, were 2.58% and 3.30%, respectively. No significant interference from NaCl, glucose, urea, and uric acid was observed in the interference experiments. In contrast, ascorbic acid, dopamine, epinephrine, and citric acid showed slight interference. Comparing the sensor response obtained on the 14th day with the initial peak current value of the nanosensor revealed no change in the nanosensor response, indicating that the developed nanosensor has good storage stability. The developed nanosensor (SnO₂NP/CPE) can be prepared easily and used directly for the determination of THS in samples without additional separation or extraction steps. It is considered suitable for the determination of THS because of its advantages, including good reproducibility and reliability, low cost, and a short response time.</p>","PeriodicalId":23367,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry","volume":"50 4","pages":"423-437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13533066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitive electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of epinephrine and norepinephrine by SiO₂NP@MWCNT-COOH nanoparticle-modified SPCEs.","authors":"Merve Yilmaz Çilçar, Melike Bilgi Kamaç, Ayşenur Yilmaz Kabaca, Şahin Toparli, Faruk Terzioğlu, Emir Ateş","doi":"10.55730/1300-0527.3903","DOIUrl":"10.55730/1300-0527.3903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epinephrine (EP) and norepinephrine (NEP), both neurotransmitters, are two important biomolecules that play critical roles in the body, from the central nervous system to metabolic processes. They are also important biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and monitoring. In this study, a novel, fast, practical, and high-performance electrochemical sensor based on a SiO₂NP@MWCNT-COOH nanocomposite was developed for the simultaneous determination of EP and NEP. The nanocomposite was modified onto the surface of screen-printed electrodes (SPCEs) and its characterization was performed (SEM-EDX, XRD, FTIR, CV, DPV, and EIS). The individual and simultaneous determinations of EP and NEP were performed using square-wave voltammetry, yielding a wide linear range and low detection limits. The developed sensor successfully measured EP-NEP levels simultaneously in commercial human blood serum samples with high recovery rates. Analysis of selectivity and shelf-life demonstrated that the proposed sensor exhibited high selectivity and stability. While further validation with real clinical samples is required, this nanocomposite-based electrochemical sensor provides promising proof-of-concept for potential future use in rapid and reliable point-of-care applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23367,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry","volume":"50 4","pages":"369-385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13533065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aptamer-gold nanoparticle-based lab-in-a-tube colorimetric detection of malathion: evaluation with classical and digital readout techniques.","authors":"Emine Güler Çelik","doi":"10.55730/1300-0527.3902","DOIUrl":"10.55730/1300-0527.3902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorimetric biosensing devices represent an important class of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics due to their ability to provide visible test outputs, their ease of integration with smartphone-based sensing, and their portability for field testing. In the context of agrifood safety, there is a growing need for portable, robust, and cost-effective detection devices. Pesticide residues can be present in a wide range of environmental and food samples, from water resources to fruits and vegetables, resulting in an increasing global demand for on-site testing. Colorimetric assays, when combined with smartphone-based sensing, can effectively address these needs. In this work, the aggregation-induced color change response of aptamer-gold nanoparticle conjugates was exploited to design a lab-in-a-tube colorimetric assay for the detection of malathion. The performance of the assay was evaluated using both a conventional spectrophotometric method as a laboratory-based reference and a smartphone-based readout supported by color intensity analysis as a portable detection approach. Color responses were quantified using both a mobile application and computer software across different color channels. The smartphone-based readout yielded a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.14 mg/mL and a linear detection range of 0.02-100 mg/mL with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.9981 for the mobile application, while the computer software-based analysis exhibited an LOD of 0.88 mg/mL, a linear range of 0.02-50 mg/mL, and an R² of 0.9789. In comparison, the spectrophotometric method showed an LOD of 1.67 mg/mL, a linear range of 0.02-100 mg/mL, and an R² of 0.9948, confirming the reliability of the smartphone-based approaches. The results demonstrate that the colorimetric assay developed can be successfully integrated with smartphones for field-testing applications, while providing a competitive LOD comparable to laboratory-based methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":23367,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry","volume":"50 4","pages":"359-368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13533059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A poly-L-lysine-functionalized electrochemical immunosensor enables highly sensitive detection of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1.","authors":"Berfin Vural, Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk","doi":"10.55730/1300-0527.3909","DOIUrl":"10.55730/1300-0527.3909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP-1), a member of the mitochondrial heat shock protein family (HSP90), is essential for protein homeostasis, stress response, and cell cycle. TRAP-1 not only optimizes cellular energy production but also prevents cell death, thereby supporting the survival and proliferation of tumor cells. In addition to cancer, TRAP-1 has been associated with Parkinson's disease, certain autoimmune disorders, and abnormalities in the kidney and urinary tract. In this study, a unique and useful indium tin oxide-polyethylene terephthalate (ITO-PET)-based electrochemical biosensor is described for detecting the biomarker TRAP-1. The ITO-PET electrode, selected as the working electrode, is a highly advantageous semiconductor electrode material due to its ease of functionalization, low cost, flexibility, and stability. It also stands out as a favorable working electrode due to its ability to detect analytes at very low concentrations. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were used to evaluate the immunosensor, optimize operating parameters, and characterize the biosensing system. In addition to these characterization techniques, single frequency impedance measurements were used to investigate the interactions of anti-TRAP-1 with TRAP-1. To evaluate the clinical applicability of the immunosensor designed, commercially available real human serum samples were analyzed. In conclusion, the biosensor was characterized and shown to be sensitive, reliable, and reproducible across a large detection range (0.004-20 pg/mL).</p>","PeriodicalId":23367,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry","volume":"50 4","pages":"448-459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13533062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acetylcholinesterase immobilization on a natural thin membrane for stable biocatalyst design.","authors":"Sinem Öztürk, Ceyhun Işik, Mustafa Teke","doi":"10.55730/1300-0527.3904","DOIUrl":"10.55730/1300-0527.3904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study involved the immobilization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) onto a natural thin membrane extracted from the inner epidermal layer of <i>Allium cepa</i>, with the aim of enhancing the enzyme's stability, activity, and reusability for potential biotechnological applications. The membrane, composed of biocompatible polymers and naturally occurring functional groups, was used as a sustainable support in a combined strategy involving adsorption followed by glutaraldehyde-mediated cross-linking. Immobilization conditions were optimized by evaluating key factors such as enzyme concentration, membrane quantity, cross-linker dosage, and contact time to achieve maximal catalytic efficiency. Structural and morphological changes on the membrane surface were assessed via scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy, confirming successful enzyme binding and alterations indicative of interaction. The immobilized enzyme exhibited enhanced tolerance to pH and temperature variations when compared to its free form. While both free and immobilized enzymes showed peak activity at 30 °C, the immobilized enzyme retained approximately 80% of its activity at 40 °C, whereas the free enzyme retained only around 50%. A reusability assessment demonstrated that the immobilized system preserved over 60% of its initial activity after 10 consecutive cycles. Moreover, storage stability tests revealed that the immobilized enzyme maintained nearly 40% of its catalytic function after 30 days at room temperature. These results highlight the effectiveness of the onion membrane as a green and low-cost platform for enzyme immobilization, offering considerable promise for applications in industrial biocatalysis, biosensing, and diagnostic technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23367,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry","volume":"50 4","pages":"386-400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13533063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan microparticle-based antibacterial nasal barrier formulation and in vivo evaluations.","authors":"Güliz Ak, Ayça Erek, Tuğba Karakayali, Şadiye Çetin, Şenay Şanlier","doi":"10.55730/1300-0527.3908","DOIUrl":"10.55730/1300-0527.3908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microorganisms remain a major cause of infectious diseases, emphasizing the need for alternative and complementary antimicrobial strategies. In this context, plant-derived materials have attracted increasing attention for their antimicrobial and protective properties. Chitosan, a biocompatible and cationic biopolymer, has emerged as an effective carrier system for encapsulating such plant-derived components. In this study, chitosan microparticles were prepared through ionic gelation followed by spray drying and loaded with thyme oil and olive leaf extract. The resulting microparticles exhibited an average size of approximately 1.8 μm and a total phenolic content of 23 mg GAE/g. These microparticles were incorporated into a glycerin-starch ointment to develop a nasal barrier formulation. The formulation showed physicochemical properties compatible with intranasal administration, with pH values in the range of 5-7. The antibacterial activity of the formulation was tested in vivo using BALB/c mice, in which a time-dependent reduction in microbial viability was observed after intranasal administration. Overall, these results suggest that chitosan-based microparticle systems containing plant-derived components could serve as nasal barrier formulations with supportive antibacterial effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":23367,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry","volume":"50 4","pages":"438-447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13533061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Folic acid-targeted polymeric complex imprinted with doxorubicin and quercetin for controlled drug delivery in cancer therapy.","authors":"Ceren Türkcan, Emirhan Işeri","doi":"10.55730/1300-0527.3905","DOIUrl":"10.55730/1300-0527.3905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer therapy is often limited by the systemic toxicity and dose-dependent adverse effects of conventional chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin (DOX). In this study, a folic acid-functionalized molecularly imprinted polymeric complex based on poly(HEMA) crosslinked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate was synthesized for the controlled release of DOX in combination with quercetin (QUE), a flavonoid known for its antioxidant and chemosensitizing properties. The aim of this work was to develop and physicochemically characterize a preliminary targeted drug delivery platform at a material-design level. The polymeric complex was synthesized via free-radical polymerization following a DOX-QUE precomplex formation step. Structural characterization was performed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. SEM micrographs revealed nanoscale spherical and partially aggregated polymeric domains, while FTIR spectra confirmed the successful incorporation of DOX, QUE, and folic acid into the poly(HEMA) matrix. In vitro release studies were conducted in 0.1 M acetate buffer at pH 5.5 to simulate mildly acidic tumor-relevant conditions. Within 180 min, measurable release was observed, with 0.0011 mg of DOX and 0.0978 mg of QUE released from the system. Thus, this study demonstrates the structural feasibility of a folic acid-functionalized imprinted polymer system capable of controlled release under acidic conditions, presenting a material-level physicochemical evaluation of a dual-drug imprinted polymeric platform. Biological validation, including cytotoxicity assays and receptor-mediated uptake studies, is not addressed in this study and remains necessary for comprehensive therapeutic assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23367,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry","volume":"50 4","pages":"401-411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13533060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient heterogeneous photo-Fenton degradation of azo dyes using the nanocomposite MgFe₂O₄/MoS₂.","authors":"Zahra Zeinali, Leila Ershadi Afshar, Naz Chaibakhsh, Farnaz Isapour","doi":"10.55730/1300-0527.3796","DOIUrl":"10.55730/1300-0527.3796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present work, a facile hydrothermal route was employed to synthesize the nanocomposite MgFe₂O₄/MoS₂, which acted as a heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst for the degradation of a synthetic diazo dye, Acid Blue 113 (AB113). The nanocatalyst produced underwent analysis using multiple characterization techniques. The parameters influencing the oxidative reaction were statistically modeled and optimized using response surface methodology. Optimal degradation efficiency for AB113 (94.92%) was attained at pH 8.79 using 10 mg of MgFe₂O₄/MoS₂ nanocatalyst, 1.6 mL of H₂O₂, and a reaction duration of 27 min. The synergistic effect resulting from the formation of electron-hole pairs renders the combined photocatalysis and Fenton process a more efficient treatment approach. The kinetic study data indicate that the photo-Fenton process follows the pseudo-first-order model. The nanocatalyst fabricated demonstrated exceptional stability, maintaining a high degradation performance after seven consecutive photo-Fenton cycles. The results obtained indicate that the MgFe₂O₄.MoS₂/H₂O₂/Vis system is an effective method for treating wastewaters containing organic contaminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":23367,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry","volume":"50 3","pages":"259-270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13384568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148607965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physically mixed graphene aerogel:carbon black (GA:CB)-supported Pt or hydrothermally synthesized GA-Pt/CB hybrid electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells.","authors":"Emine Teke Öner, Melis Irmak Aydin, Merve Nida Dursunoğlu, Ayşe Bayrakçeken","doi":"10.55730/1300-0527.3800","DOIUrl":"10.55730/1300-0527.3800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Graphene aerogels (GAs), having the superior properties of graphene and aerogel structures, are promising support materials for Pt nanoparticles to be used as electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells. In this study, two routes were followed to synthesize GA-based electrocatalysts. In the first route, after GA synthesis it was physically mixed with carbon black (CB) by changing the mass ratios from 0% to 100% with 25% increments and then decorated with Pt nanoparticles via microwave irradiation, resulting in Pt/GA:CB electrocatalysts. In the second route, firstly, Pt/CB electrocatalyst was synthesized and then GA was hydrothermally added to the Pt/CB by changing the mass ratios of GA:Pt/CB from 0% to 100% with 25% increments, resulting in GA-Pt/CB electrocatalysts. The electrocatalysts synthesized were physically characterized (ICP-OES, XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM, surface area, and contact angle) and then in situ PEM fuel cell tests were performed. Following different synthesis routes resulted in different physical properties. The hydrothermally synthesized electrocatalysts gave a better PEM fuel cell performance when compared to the physically mixed ones.</p>","PeriodicalId":23367,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry","volume":"50 3","pages":"312-326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13384564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148606977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor depending on a NiNPs/Co₃O₄/functionalized graphene oxide-modified working electrode.","authors":"Sümeyra Pekmez, Muhammet Güler","doi":"10.55730/1300-0527.3801","DOIUrl":"10.55730/1300-0527.3801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present research, the aim was to develop a novel electrochemical enzyme-free glucose sensor dependent upon a nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs)/cobalt (II, III) oxide (Co₃O₄)/carboxylated graphene oxide (GO-COOH)-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The electrocatalytic performance of the electrode was tested using various electrochemical methods such as amperometry and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The NiNPs@Co₃O₄/GO-COOH/GC electrode showed noticeably superior electrocatalytic behavior for glucose oxidation in 0.1 M NaOH media, ascribed to the good synergistic impact between NiNPs, Co₃O₄, and GO-COOH. The amperometric response of the NiNPs@Co₃O₄/GO-COOH/GC electrode to glucose exhibited two linear determination ranges at +0.55 V potential. The first one was between 4.8 × 10^-7 and 9.5 × 10^-4 M and the second one was between 9.5 × 10^-4 and 4.87 × 10^-3 M. The limit of detection was 1.4 × 10^-7 M dependent upon a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The sensor displayed good performance factors such as selectivity, reproducibility, and stability. Furthermore, the suitability of the sensor for detecting glucose in biological fluids proved satisfactory.</p>","PeriodicalId":23367,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry","volume":"50 3","pages":"327-340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13384569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148607972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}