{"title":"Synthesis of isocyanate containing cryogels for fast (bio)molecular immobilization.","authors":"Merve Bat Özmatara, Tuğçe Nihal Gevrek","doi":"10.55730/1300-0527.3696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0527.3696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryogels containing isocyanate reactive groups were synthesized via photopolymerization of 2-isocyanoethyl methacrylate (ICEMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA). By changing the PEGMEMA and ICEMA ratios, cryogel series with varying ratios of reactive isocyanate groups were successfully prepared. The cryogels were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope, and rheometry. To demonstrate that molecules containing amine groups can be immobilized onto synthesized cryogels through isocyanate-amine reactions, the cryogels were conjugated with 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylamine (TFBA) and fluorescein amine (FLA) molecules, and the conjugations were confirmed through FTIR and fluorescence microscopy, respectively, for TFBA and FLA. Additionally, immobilization of fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated albumin from bovine serum (FITC-BSA) as fluorescein-labeled model proteins was studied to illustrate that biomolecules can also be bound to the cryogels without any linker. It was shown that the amount of immobilized FITC-labeled model proteins can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of isocyanate reactive groups within the cryogel matrix, and this functionalization was confirmed by fluorescence microscope.</p>","PeriodicalId":23367,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry","volume":"48 5","pages":"770-779"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11539910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, and Hirshfeld surface analysis of coordination compounds composed of two different aminopyridines, isothiocyanate ligand molecules, and two different transition metal atoms.","authors":"Zarife Sibel Şahin, Zeki Kartal","doi":"10.55730/1300-0527.3697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0527.3697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we describe the successful synthesis of three coordination compounds formed by the ligands 3-aminopyridine, 4-aminopyridine, and isothiocyanate ion with copper atoms and 4-aminopyridine and isothiocyanate ion with cadmium atoms, and their structural characterizations. The crystal structures of the compounds were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. According to that technique, the open formulae of these compounds are [Cu(3-aminopyridine)<sub>2</sub>(NCS)<sub>2</sub>] (<b>1</b>), [Cu(4-aminopyridine)<sub>3</sub>(NCS)<sub>2</sub>] (<b>2</b>), and [Cd(4-aminopyridine)<sub>2</sub>(NCS)Cl] (<b>3</b>). In addition, the suitability of the structures of the compounds was characterized by elemental analysis, thermal analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses of these coordination compounds showed that the first of these coordination compounds had a 1D crystal structure and the other two had a 3D crystal structure. N-H⋯S, N-H⋯N, N-H⋯Cl, N-H⋯π, and C-H⋯π bonds and their combinations were effective in the formation of the crystal structures of the said coordination compounds. The metal atoms [Cu(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II)] in these coordination compounds were surrounded by various ligand molecules in a square planar, square pyramidal, and octahedral arrangement, respectively. In order to investigate some chemical and structural properties of these coordination compounds, theoretical calculations were performed with the software package Gaussian 03. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and natural bond orbital (NBO) values of the coordination compounds were used in these calculations. When the energy gap value between the HOMO and LUMO states of the compounds was examined, it was predicted that compound <b>3</b> may have lower kinetic stability, higher chemical activity, and lower semiconductor properties than all the other compounds. According to the Hirshfeld surface analysis of the compounds, C⋯H, S⋯H, H⋯H, and N⋯H interactions are generally seen in the crystal structures of all compounds. In addition, Cd⋯Cl, Cd⋯S, H⋯Cl, and Cl⋯Cl interactions also occur in compound <b>3</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":23367,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry","volume":"48 5","pages":"780-799"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11539913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Polybrominated methoxy- and hydroxynaphthalenes\" [Turkish Journal of Chemistry 40 (2) 2016 332-346 ].","authors":"Kıymet Berkil Akar, Osman Çakmak, Tuncay Tunç","doi":"10.55730/1300-0527.3689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0527.3689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 332 in vol. 40.].</p>","PeriodicalId":23367,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry","volume":"48 4","pages":"701-702"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11407358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danielle Bogo, Isabel Máximo C Alcântara, Glaucia B Alcantara, Ana Camila Micheletti, Neli K Honda, Maria de Fátima C Matos
{"title":"Cytotoxicity of norstictic acid derivatives, a depsidone from <i>Ramalina anceps</i> Nyl.","authors":"Danielle Bogo, Isabel Máximo C Alcântara, Glaucia B Alcantara, Ana Camila Micheletti, Neli K Honda, Maria de Fátima C Matos","doi":"10.55730/1300-0527.3694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0527.3694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Structural modifications in lichen phenolic compounds have been one of the tools to potentiate their biological activity. In the present work, seven alkyl derivatives of norstictic acid were prepared and evaluated against eight cell lines. Norstictic acid was isolated from the lichen <i>Ramalina anceps</i> and the alkyl derivatives were obtained through reactions with alcohols. Cytotoxicity was evaluated against the 786-0 (kidney carcinoma), MCF7 (breast carcinoma), HT-29 (colon carcinoma), PC-03 (prostate carcinoma), HEP2 (laryngeal carcinoma), B16-F10 (murine melanoma), UACC-62 (human melanoma), and NIH/3T3 (mouse embryonic fibroblast) cell lines using the sulforhodamine B assay. Norstictic acid exhibited poor activity, while the 8'-<i>O</i>-<i>n</i>-butyl-norstictic acid and 8'-<i>O</i>-<i>sec</i>-butyl-norstictic acid derivatives showed potential activity (GI<sub>50</sub> values of 6.37-45.0 μM and 6.8-52.40 μM, respectively) and high selectivity (selectivity index (SI) values of 13.88-98.11 and SI 11.30-87.40, respectively) against all tumor cells. The 8'-<i>O</i>-<i>n</i>-hexyl-norstictic acid showed good activity (5.96-9.53 μM) and moderate selectivity (SI 9.2-5.76) against MCF7, HT-29, PC-03, and HEP2 cells, while 8'-<i>O</i>-isopropyl-norstictic acid demonstrated high activity and selectivity against PC-03 cells (GI<sub>50</sub> 1.28 μM and SI 33.8), and was highly active but moderately selective against UACC, HEP2, and B16-F10 cells (GI<sub>50</sub> 6.2, 7.78, and 9.65 μM; SI 7.0, 5.5, and 4.5, respectively). Additionally, 8'-<i>O</i>-<i>n</i>-pentyl- and 8'-O-<i>tert</i>-butyl-norstictic acids were active and selective against PC-03 cells (GI<sub>50</sub> 8.77 and 7.60 μM; SI 6.53 and 5.0, respectively). Chemometric analysis revealed a clear relationship between all compounds and their biological activities. The insertion of a four-carbon alkyl chain (<i>n</i>-butyl and <i>sec</i>-butyl) produced potentially active compounds on all tested tumor cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":23367,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry","volume":"48 5","pages":"748-755"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11539907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mild acidic charcoal: adsorption, analysis, and application.","authors":"Rajendra Patil, Jagdish Chavan, Shivnath Patel, Anil Beldar","doi":"10.55730/1300-0527.3692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0527.3692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adsorption of glacial acetic acid over a charcoal support was investigated. The amount of adsorption was analyzed using a traditional titration method and the prepared adsorbed system was employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for organic reactions as a viable application. Different 14-aryl-14<i>H</i>-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes were synthesized using mild acidic charcoal as a catalyst and yields of 88%-94% were obtained. The advantages of this method include the easy preparation of a cheaper and environmentally safe catalyst system, a simple work-up procedure, and excellent catalytic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23367,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry","volume":"48 5","pages":"726-732"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11539908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of new hexahydroquinoline derivatives and evaluation of their cytotoxicity, intracellular ROS production, and inhibitory effects on inflammatory mediators.","authors":"Ezgi Pehlivanlar, Deniz Arca Çakir, Sonia Sanajou, Hülya Tezel Yalçin, Terken Baydar, Pınar Erkekoğlu, Hanife Avci, Rahime Şimşek","doi":"10.55730/1300-0527.3686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0527.3686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammation is a response to injury and infection in an organism. It can be categorized as acute or chronic. Chronic inflammation is the underlying cause of many diseases such as Alzheimer disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have proven the antiinflammatory properties of 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) and their derivatives, which have many biological activities including the blocking of calcium channels. In this study, 15 compounds that are condensed derivatives of 1,4-DHPs, with the general structure of hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate, were synthesized. These compounds, expected to show inhibitory activity against inflammatory mediators, were obtained by the reaction of 4-(difluoromethoxy)benzaldehyde, substituted/nonsubstituted 1,3-cyclohexanedione derivatives, and appropriate alkyl acetoacetate compounds in the presence of ammonium acetate as a nitrogen source according to the Hantzsch synthesis method. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by IR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, and HRMS methods. The cytotoxic properties of the compounds were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method in the 3T3 cell line. Among the 15 compounds, the three compounds with the lowest levels of cytotoxic effects were selected for further experiments. Inflammation was induced by lipoxygenase and the effects of the selected compounds on the levels of reactive oxygen species, cytokines, and complement C3 and C9 regulatory proteins were investigated. It was found that the three selected compounds decreased the levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). Among these compounds, compound <b>3e</b> provided the most significant decrease in this cytokine. Moreover, <b>3e</b> increased both C3 and C9 levels. Molecular modeling studies also showed that <b>3e</b> had better affinity for TGF-β1. When the binding modes of these compounds in the active site of TGF-β1 were analyzed, it was found that compound <b>3e</b> had hydrophobic interactions with amino acids Leu142, Tyr84, and Ile13; halogen bond interactions with Asp92; and hydrogen bond interactions with Ser89, Gly88, and Gly14 in the active binding site. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to show the possible mechanism of action of compound <b>3e</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":23367,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry","volume":"48 4","pages":"659-675"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11407359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sezin Yüksel, Fethiye Ferda Yilmaz, Hüseyin Taşli, Pınar Kara
{"title":"Development of graphene oxide-based biosensing platforms for label-free bioelectronic detection of pathogenic microorganisms.","authors":"Sezin Yüksel, Fethiye Ferda Yilmaz, Hüseyin Taşli, Pınar Kara","doi":"10.55730/1300-0527.3693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0527.3693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel electrochemical nanogenosensor devoted to clinical analysis is reported for label-free detection of pathogenic microorganisms in the present work. The designed biosensor is composed of graphene oxide-modified disposable pencil graphite electrodes as a sensing platform. <i>Escherichia coli</i> is used as a model case. A 5'-aminohexyl-linked 22-base sequence probe representing the <i>E. coli</i> amplicon is immobilized onto sensor surfaces via carbodiimide chemistry. Hybridization is performed with denatured PCR amplicons of the bacteria. Detection is realized by transduction with the electrochemical impedance spectrometry technique. The selectivity of the designed genosensor is measured using <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> sequences. Outstanding sensitivity is achieved with this genosensor array platform with a detection limit of 102 nM. This platform offers promise for rapid, simple, and cost-effective detection of various pathogenic microorganisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23367,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry","volume":"48 5","pages":"733-747"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11539911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Magnetic solid-phase extraction technique based on Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@coPPy-PTH nanocomposite for extraction of cobalt, chromium, and nickel prior to determination by microsample injection system-flame atomic absorption spectrometry in alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages.","authors":"Melike Küçüksakalli, Qamar Salamat, Buket Tireli, Şükrü Gökhan Elçi","doi":"10.55730/1300-0527.3683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0527.3683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@coPPy-PTH nanocomposite-based sorbent was prepared via in situ oxidative polymerization using Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles with spherical and flower-like morphologies of thiophene and pyrrole as the feedstocks. The synthesized nanocomposite displayed sensitive extraction and determination of metal ions Co(II), Cr(III), and Ni(II) without a chelating agent, followed by microsample injection system-flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Advanced spectroscopic and imaging techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the composition and morphology of the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@coPPy-PTH nanocomposite. SEM observations showed that the size of the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles changed from 30 nm to 120 nm in diameter after copolymer (PPy-PTH) coating. The Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@coPPy-PTH nanocomposite has good dispersion properties and stability in strong acid solutions. For effective extraction of the studied analytes, the influence of sample pH, volume of sample solution and eluent, amount of adsorbent, and interference of coexisting metal ions were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, preconcentration factors were obtained as 25 for all analytes. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.0-10.0 μg L<sup>-1</sup> with coefficients of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) greater than 0.9957 for all three analytes. Limits of detection (S/N = 3) were calculated in the range of 0.17-0.23 μg L<sup>-1</sup>. Precision values, expressed as relative standard deviations, were lower than 3.0%, and relative recoveries were obtained in the range of 88.6%-103.6%. The proposed method (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@coPPy-PTH/MSPE/MIS-FAAS) was successfully applied to extract and determine the studied metal ions in beer, wine, and nonalcoholic beverage samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":23367,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry","volume":"48 4","pages":"620-630"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11407345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uğur Köroğlu, Necdet Sağlam, Uğur Tamer, Ramazan Akçan, İsmail Hakkı Boyaci, Eylül Evran
{"title":"Identification of blood at simulated crime scenes using silver nanoparticles with SERS.","authors":"Uğur Köroğlu, Necdet Sağlam, Uğur Tamer, Ramazan Akçan, İsmail Hakkı Boyaci, Eylül Evran","doi":"10.55730/1300-0527.3687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0527.3687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The analysis of substances and samples obtained from a crime scene is very important in solving forensic cases. To determine the variables involved in a crime and to expedite the investigation process, the rapid analysis of body fluids in small quantities and within environments containing diverse components is particularly necessary. For this reason, it is of great importance to analyze biological fluids with rapid, noncontaminating, nondestructive, low-cost, and accurate techniques. In recent years, with advancements in laser technology, spectroscopic methods have been introduced as analytical techniques in forensic medicine and chemical studies. This study focuses on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to demonstrate the detection of blood samples in simulated crime scenes. To minimize the background signal from fluorescent biomolecules in blood, dilution was performed with two different components and Raman analysis was performed for four different concentrations of blood. In general, a decrease in noise in the spectra was observed as the blood was diluted. Crime scenes consisting of pure blood, blood diluted with ethanol and distilled water (1:2, 1:4, and 1:8), a blood-mineral water mixture, a blood-cherry juice mixture, and silver nanoparticle-added mixtures were simulated, and their spectra were examined. Chemometric analyses of the data were performed. Despite high noise and low peak intensities, blood-identifying signals were detected when examining different blood concentrations. It was observed that silver nanoparticles provided high enhancement of blood peaks thanks to their strong plasmonic properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":23367,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry","volume":"48 4","pages":"676-690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11407333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol by supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> in coordination with HZSM-5-catalyzed formaldehyde-isobutene Prins reaction.","authors":"Hang Yuan, Gui-Ping Cao, Hui Lv","doi":"10.55730/1300-0527.3682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0527.3682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The reaction solvent and catalyst play essential roles in the Prins reaction for the synthesis of 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol (MBO) from formaldehyde and isobutene. The reactivity of the solid base-catalyzed Prins condensation reaction by formaldehyde and isobutene in supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> was investigated using CsH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>-modified HZSM-5. We found that the alkaline sites of the alkali-loaded catalyst could extract the α-H on isobutene to generate olefin carbon-negative ions, while the supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> with weak Lewis acidity could activate formaldehyde to carbon-positive ions, which can combine more easily with carbon-negative isobutene to react, thus improving the reactivity of the reaction system.</p>","PeriodicalId":23367,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry","volume":"48 4","pages":"597-619"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11407352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}