Thoracic Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Rethinking Invasive Mediastinal Staging in the Era of Neoadjuvant Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors.","authors":"Saulo Brito Silva, Danilo Tadao Wada, Lycio Umeda Dessotte, Li Siyuan Wada, Adilson Aparecido Faccio, Federico Garcia Cipriano","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.70292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.70292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past several decades, the management of nonmetastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has centered on identifying patients eligible for upfront surgical treatment. This selection has traditionally relied on multidisciplinary assessments of clinical operability and oncologic resectability, with the latter depending primarily on mediastinal lymph node evaluation, a key prognostic factor in determining whether patients should be directed toward upfront surgery or definitive chemoradiotherapy. The recent incorporation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) into standard neoadjuvant therapy has transformed this paradigm. By significantly enhancing pathologic response and improving survival across the full spectrum of N2 disease, neoadjuvant ICI therapy is reshaping the prognostic weight traditionally assigned to mediastinal nodal involvement, challenging long-standing staging practices. Rather than serving primarily to exclude patients from surgery, mediastinal assessment in the immunotherapy era may play a more selective role in baseline risk stratification while also potentially gaining new roles, such as in the evaluation of treatment response and nodal downstaging, which could support broader refinements in clinical decision-making. This update synthesizes emerging evidence and evolving clinical concepts to re-examine mediastinal assessment in the immunotherapy era, with implications for clinical decision-making and future trial design in nonmetastatic NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23338,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic Cancer","volume":"17 9","pages":"e70292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Value of Circulating Tumor Cells in Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Jianyi Yang, Ziwen Qin, Zhiwei Zhou, Jixian Liu, Lin Chen, Ziyan Mo, Mengying Liao, Dongliang Cui, Kaiqin Wu, Dongjiang Tang, Jinfeng Chen, Chao Chen","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.70288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.70288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incorporation of immune checkpoint blockade into preoperative regimens has significantly advanced the clinical management of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Standard imaging modalities frequently fall short in assessing actual pathological regression. Our research sought to evaluate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as an adjunct predictive tool, while uncovering the transcriptomic shifts within the tumor microenvironment that facilitate cellular shedding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort of 39 patients with NSCLC received neoadjuvant programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors combined with platinum-doublet chemotherapy. Preoperative radiographic evaluations using RECIST 1.1 were cross-referenced with final pathological outcomes. Peripheral blood CTCs were enriched and phenotypically characterized via multiparametric immunofluorescence (CK, PD-L1). Bulk RNA-sequencing of residual tissue specimens was performed to identify gene signatures associated with CTC dissemination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort achieved a major pathologic response (MPR) rate of 38.5%, including a pathological complete response (pCR) rate of 23.1%. Preoperative cytokeratin-positive (CK+) CTC burden emerged as a potential independent predictor of pathological non-response (AUC = 0.757), outperforming total CTCs and PD-L1+ CTCs. Crucially, integrating CK+ CTC counts with standard radiographic imaging improved predictive accuracy for pathological outcomes (AUC = 0.79) compared to imaging alone (AUC = 0.54, p = 0.022). Transcriptomic profiling of the residual tumor microenvironment suggested that CTC dissemination may be associated with enhanced proliferative activity, severe local hypoxia and a broad immunological suppression within local microenvironments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preoperative CTC monitoring may serve as a promising complementary biomarker to conventional radiographic imaging, with the potential to help resolve predictive ambiguities in neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23338,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic Cancer","volume":"17 9","pages":"e70288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring the Extent of Lymphadenectomy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Insights From a Comparative Study of Neoadjuvant Chemo-Immunotherapy and Surgery Cohort.","authors":"Kunheng Du, Hongwei Lin, Chenyi Xie, Ziyu Ning, Jiahui Chen, Changhong Liang, Haiyu Zhou, Zaiyi Liu, Yihuai Hu","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.70297","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1759-7714.70297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lymph node dissection is crucial for accurate staging and prognosis assessment in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). While sufficient examined lymph nodes (ELNs) are generally linked to better outcomes, how ELN count affects prognosis under immunotherapy remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed 621 ESCC patients who underwent R0 resection with or without neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy (NACI). Patients were stratified into surgery alone (SA) (n = 451) and NACI (n = 170) groups. Propensity score matching balanced baseline characteristics. The relationship between ELN count and overall survival was analyzed using Cox regression models. Single-cell RNA and T-cell receptor sequencing were performed on paired tumor and lymph node samples to elucidate underlying immune mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the NACI cohort, both insufficient (ELN ≤ 23) and excessive (ELN > 31) lymph node resection were independent risk factors for worse overall survival (ELN ≤ 23: HR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.11-4.71, p = 0.024; ELN > 31: HR = 2.71, 95% CI 1.17-6.26, p = 0.020). However, the SA cohort derived continuous survival benefit from higher ELN counts. Single-cell sequencing revealed that NACI enriched a population of activated, tumor-reactive cytotoxic T cells within metastasis-negative lymph nodes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The optimal ELN count is contingent on treatment strategy. For SA, a more extensive lymphadenectomy improves survival. However, for NACI, a \"Goldilocks\" principle applies-an ELN count between 24 and 31 balances accurate staging with the preservation of antitumor immunity, advocating for function-preserving, personalized surgery in the immunotherapy era.</p>","PeriodicalId":23338,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic Cancer","volume":"17 9","pages":"e70297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13150998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended Indications for Sleeve Lobectomy: A Single-Center Experience of Surgical Management of Central Pulmonary Metastases.","authors":"V Verzeletti, A Busetto, A Bonis, F Shamshoum, G Pagliarini, M Mammana, E Faccioli, A Rebusso, G Cannone, G M Comacchio, M Schiavon, A Dell' Amore","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.70294","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1759-7714.70294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The role of bronchial sleeve resection for centrally located pulmonary metastases remains poorly defined, as surgery in metastatic disease is often perceived as excessively aggressive. However, in selected patients, this parenchyma-sparing technique may offer durable local control and significant symptomatic relief. This study reports a single-center experience with sleeve resections performed for metastatic, centrally located pulmonary lesions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All consecutive patients undergoing bronchial sleeve resection for metastatic disease at Padua University Hospital between January 2000 and August 2025 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical characteristics, operative details, perioperative outcomes, and follow-up data were collected. Patients treated with sleeve resections for primary lung cancer were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen patients were included. Most had good performance status, and 66% received preoperative systemic therapy. Single sleeve resections were performed in 72% and double sleeves in 28%. Surgical access was thoracotomy in 72% and VATS in 28%. No in-hospital, 30-day, or 90-day mortality occurred. Postoperative symptom resolution was achieved in 94% of patients. The most frequent histology was colorectal adenocarcinoma. Median follow-up was 26 months, with a median disease-free survival of 22 months. Local recurrence occurred in only one case, and no bronchial stump recurrences were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bronchial sleeve resection for centrally located pulmonary metastases can be feasible and safe in a carefully selected subset of patients. It provides effective restoration of airway patency, good local control, and acceptable long-term outcomes. Larger multicenter studies are needed to further clarify its role within multidisciplinary management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23338,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic Cancer","volume":"17 9","pages":"e70294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13129486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Docetaxel Plus Ramucirumab for Malignant Pleural Effusion and Cerebral Edema in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single-Institution Retrospective Study.","authors":"Meiko Morita, Kazushige Wakuda, Suguru Matsuda, Motoki Sekikawa, Keita Miura, Hiroaki Kodama, Michitoshi Yabe, Nobuaki Mamesaya, Haruki Kobayashi, Ryo Ko, Akira Ono, Hirotsugu Kenmotsu, Tateaki Naito, Haruyasu Murakami, Toshiaki Takahashi","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.70295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.70295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is associated with a poor prognosis and quality of life in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Additionally, cerebral edema can lead to neurological symptoms that adversely affect activities of daily living. While bevacizumab has demonstrated efficacy in treating both MPE and cerebral edema, there is limited research on ramucirumab, an angiogenesis inhibitor. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of docetaxel combined with ramucirumab for the management of MPE and cerebral edema.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed medical records of patients with advanced NSCLC who received docetaxel in conjunction with ramucirumab at Shizuoka Cancer Center between August 2016 and March 2023. The primary endpoints were pleural effusion progression-free survival (PE-PFS) and the cerebral edema control rate. Secondary endpoints included response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and the incidence of toxicities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 163 patients were included. The median PE-PFS was 8.1 months (95% CI: 4.8-12.0 months). The pleural effusion control rate was 87%, whereas the cerebral edema control rate was 26%. The response rate was 26%, with a median PFS of 4.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.7-5.1 months) and a median OS of 11.1 months (95% CI: 9.2-16.0 months). Adverse events leading to discontinuation of treatment occurred in 30% of patients for docetaxel and 33% for ramucirumab, with fatigue being the most common reason for discontinuation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Docetaxel plus ramucirumab was effective in controlling pleural effusion but showed limited effects on cerebral edema.</p>","PeriodicalId":23338,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic Cancer","volume":"17 9","pages":"e70295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copy Number Amplification and c-Myc Transcriptional Activation-Mediated RNA-Binding Protein MEX3A Promotes EGFR-TKI Resistance in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Shi Xiling, Du Lin, Dai Jiali, Zhang Chen, Huang Ruohan, Zhang Chang, Guo Renhua, Li Jun","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.70284","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1759-7714.70284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the functional role and activation mechanisms of RNA-binding protein MEX3A in acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Paired tumor specimens were from 18 advanced NSCLC patients with sensitizing EGFR mutations before treatment and after developing TKI resistance. In vitro functional assays, including CCK-8 and colony formation, were conducted to evaluate the impact of MEX3A on EGFR-TKI sensitivity. At the genomic level, copy number variation (CNV) analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validated the genomic relationship between MEX3A copy number and expression. Transcriptional regulation by c-Myc was examined via qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Finally, the in vivo effects of MEX3A knockdown on tumor growth and TKI sensitivity were evaluated using a xenograft tumor model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MEX3A was significantly upregulated in TKI-resistant tissues, correlating with poorer survival. MEX3A promoted EGFR-TKI resistance of NSCLC, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, at the genomic level, copy number amplification can drive the activation of MEX3A, and at the transcriptional level, the transcription factor c-Myc can activate its expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MEX3A is a key molecule that promotes acquired EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC. Its activation is mediated by both genomic copy number amplification and c-Myc-dependent transcriptional regulation, thereby clarifying the activation reasons of MEX3A in TKI resistance at two levels. Our findings suggest that MEX3A may serve as a potential therapeutic target for overcoming TKI resistance in NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23338,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic Cancer","volume":"17 9","pages":"e70284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Role of Advanced Age and Risk Factors in Postoperative Outcomes Following Major Lung Cancer Resection.","authors":"Fuad Damirov, Javad Karimbayli, Junli Ke, Mircea Gabriel Stoleriu, Ughur Aghamaliyev, Sascha Dreher, Enole Boedeker, Sibylle Gerz, Rudolf Alexander Hatz, Gerhard Preissler","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.70293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.70293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incidence of lung cancer increases with age. On average, patients diagnosed with lung cancer are about 70 years. It is known that older patients are more prone to complications after major lung resection due to physiological changes; however, there is still a lack of knowledge of predictive factors associated with a higher complication risk.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>In this study the association of age and postoperative complication rates in lung cancer patients is analyzed. Further, predictors of postoperative complications in the era of minimally invasive surgery in older patients are identified.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 180 consecutive patients with pathologically proven lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Patients were categorized into septuagenarians and octogenarians. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to detect risk factors of postoperative morbidity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 141 (78.33%) and 39 patients (21.67%) in the septuagenarian group and octogenarian group, respectively. 67 (37.2%) patients experienced postoperative complications. The thirty-day mortality rate was 1.6%. The groups did not differ in terms of postoperative complications. Upon multivariate analysis, ECOG score ≥ 1 (p = 0.032), lowered FEV1/FVC (p = 0.029), and hypoalbuminemia (p = 0.027) were significant predictors for the development of major complications after lung cancer surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age over 80 years was not found to be an independent risk factor for the complication rates after lung cancer surgery. However, ECOG performance status ≥ 1, reduced FEV1/FVC, and lower serum albumin levels were independently associated with major postoperative complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23338,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic Cancer","volume":"17 9","pages":"e70293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients With Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy.","authors":"Jongmoo Park, Ji Woon Yea, Jae Won Park, Yoon Young Jo, Se An Oh, Jaehyeon Park","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.70296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.70296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is the standard treatment for medically inoperable early-stage, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a well-known biomarker for predicting immunotherapy responses; however, its prognostic significance in early-stage NSCLC treated with SBRT remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in this setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed patients with early-stage NSCLC who underwent SBRT. PD-L1 expression was assessed using the SP263 immunohistochemistry assay and quantified by tumor proportion score. We evaluated the prognostic impact of PD-L1 as a continuous variable and used an exploratory 2% cutoff derived from receiver operating characteristic analysis. Clinical outcomes, including local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS), were compared. Cox proportional hazards models were used for multivariable analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 54 patients were included. SBRT achieved a 2-year LRFS rate of 98%. As a continuous variable, higher PD-L1 expression was independently associated with inferior RFS (hazard ratio (HR): 1.07, p < 0.01), DFS (HR: 1.06, p < 0.01), and OS (HR: 1.04, p < 0.01). The PD-L1-positive group had a higher incidence of regional recurrence (30.0% vs. 5.9%, p = 0.041). The exploratory 2% cutoff identified a subgroup with significantly worse survival in univariable analyses, although it did not retain independent significance in the multivariable analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PD-L1 expression is independently associated with worse survival outcomes in patients with early-stage NSCLC treated with SBRT, indicating its potential as a prognostic biomarker for risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":23338,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic Cancer","volume":"17 9","pages":"e70296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addition of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor to Platinum Retreatment for Recurrent Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Perioperative Chemotherapy: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.","authors":"Toshiaki Takakura, Ryota Shibaki, Atsushi Washioka, Yusuke Murakami, Yuhei Harutani, Hiroaki Akamatsu, Nobuyuki Yamamoto","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.70269","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1759-7714.70269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The addition of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) to platinum-based chemotherapy has improved outcomes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, evidence on the efficacy of adding ICI to platinum retreatment in patients who relapse after perioperative platinum-based chemotherapy remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed patients with recurrent NSCLC following perioperative platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients were categorized into either the \"chemo group,\" who received platinum retreatment without ICI, or the \"ICI-chemo group,\" who received platinum retreatment with ICI. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival in patients treated with ICI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 124 patients who received perioperative platinum therapy and surgery, 31 underwent platinum retreatment: 17 in the chemo group and 14 in the ICI-chemo group. PFS was significantly longer in the ICI-chemo group than in the chemo group (15.4 vs. 5.9 months; log-rank p = 0.023; HR 0.40, 95% CI, 0.18-0.90). Among patients with PD-L1 ≥ 50%, the ICI-chemo group showed a greater trend toward longer PFS compared with the chemo group (16.9 vs. 4.0 months; HR 0.11, 95% CI, 0.01-1.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adding ICI to platinum retreatment may be an effective option for patients with NSCLC who relapse after perioperative chemotherapy, particularly in those with PD-L1 expression ≥ 50%.</p>","PeriodicalId":23338,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic Cancer","volume":"17 7","pages":"e70269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13070734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147582324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor-Bearing Status Accelerates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation via Endothelial Activation.","authors":"Shoko Isoyama, Kakuhiro Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Iwamoto, Yasushi Horimasu, Kunihiko Funaishi, Kiyofumi Shimoji, Shinjiro Sakamoto, Takeshi Masuda, Taku Nakashima, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Hironobu Hamada, Noboru Hattori","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.70272","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1759-7714.70272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drug-induced lung disease (DILD) is a severe adverse event of cancer treatment. Several clinical reports have demonstrated an association between DILD and tumor progression. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of tumor-bearing status in the development of DILD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We prepared a subcutaneous Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and KLN205-bearing model. To trigger DILD, bleomycin (BLM) was administered subcutaneously. mRNA expression associated with endothelial activation (PAI-1, vWF, and ICAM-1), inflammatory cell infiltration, and alveolar wall thickness was assessed by using bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue. Additionally, the role of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in tumor-bearing status was examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with control mice, LLC- and KLN205-bearing mice showed a tendency toward increased expression of at least one of PAI-1, vWF, and ICAM-1 on endothelium, along with inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs. BLM-treated mice with LLC showed more inflammatory cell infiltration than BLM-treated mice, accompanied by a significant increase in PAI-1, vWF, and ICAM-1 expression on endothelium. Moreover, BLM-treated mice with LLC exhibited pronounced alveolar wall thickening. In LLC-bearing mice, serum HMGB1 levels were significantly higher compared with control mice. Additionally, inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs tended to be increased by the intraperitoneal injection of HMGB1, which was accompanied by increased expression of vWF and ICAM-1 on endothelium.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that tumor-bearing status elicits proinflammatory activation in endothelial cells and inflammatory cell infiltration into the lungs that aggravates DILD caused by BLM.</p>","PeriodicalId":23338,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic Cancer","volume":"17 7","pages":"e70272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13070733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147582400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}