Thoracic Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Current Status of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Treatment Responsive Biomarkers for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.","authors":"Xinran Wang, Lingxia Wang, Yueping Liu","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), accounting for about 10%-20% of all breast cancer cases, is characterized by its aggressive nature, high recurrence rates, and poor prognosis. Unlike other breast cancer subtypes, TNBC lacks hormone receptors and specific molecular targets, limiting therapeutic options. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promise in treating TNBC by targeting immune evasion mechanisms. Despite these advancements, several issues remain unresolved, including low response rates in programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) negative TNBC subtypes and the challenge of predicting which patients will benefit from ICIs. Consequently, there is growing interest in identifying reliable biomarkers beyond PD-L1 expression. This review synthesizes recent studies to provide a comprehensive perspective on ICI therapy in TNBC, clarifying the status of single-agent ICI therapies and combination strategies, emphasizing the need for further research into biomarkers. These insights provide clues for more personalized and effective treatment approaches, ultimately aiming to improve clinical outcomes for patients with TNBC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23338,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic Cancer","volume":"16 9","pages":"e70072"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Baseline Serum Uric Acid With Venous Thromboembolism and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Xue-Li Zhang, Chen Zhang, Lu Lang, Jia-Wen Yi, Min Zhu, Yu-Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to analyze the association between baseline serum uric acid (SUA) level and venous thromboembolism (VTE) and clinical outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective analysis of 626 patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent/progressive NSCLC between September 2021 and August 2024. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cutoff values for risk factors related to VTE, and clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes were collected and compared according to these values. Fine-Gray regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors of VTE, and survival was analyzed using log-rank test and Cox regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study, 72 patients (11.50%) experienced VTE. Patients with VTE had a higher baseline SUA level than those without VTE (p = 0.000). The optimal threshold of baseline SUA to predict VTE was 310 μmol/L. The incidence of VTE was higher in the high SUA group than that of the low SUA group (19.1% vs. 7.9%, p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, the baseline SUA level was associated with the risk of VTE (sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR) = 2.830, 95% CI 1.689-4.742, p = 0.000). Additionally, the higher SUA level was associated with a worse disease-free survival (DFS) in newly diagnosed patients with NSCLC staged I-IIIA (adjusted HR = 1.948, 95% CI 1.121-3.384, p = 0.018).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among NSCLC patients, a baseline feature of high SUA (≥ 310 μmol/L) was associated with an increased risk of VTE and a worse clinical outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":23338,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic Cancer","volume":"16 9","pages":"e70076"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12062515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Real-World Study: Therapeutic Outcomes of ROS1-Positive Advanced NSCLC.","authors":"Hanqi Yuan, Zihua Zou, Xuezhi Hao, Yan Li, Junling Li, Jianming Ying, Puyuan Xing","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.70086","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1759-7714.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>ROS1 gene rearrangement is an important target for NSCLC treatment. There is not yet sufficient real-world data on ROS1 diagnostic methods, treatment selection, and clinical outcomes in the Chinese population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-center retrospective collection of patients with a diagnosis of ROS1-positive advanced NSCLC from July 2011 to November 2021 was performed to document the method of ROS1 testing, treatment options, efficacy, and resistance to ROS1 inhibitors in these patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The method of ROS1 testing and initial treatment selection were significantly correlated with time. ROS1 testing shifted from FISH (67% pre-2019) to NGS (96.3% post-2019; p < 0.001). First-line ROS1-TKI use increased from 60.0% to 92.0% (p = 0.041). The vast majority of patients (90.0%) chose crizotinib as the initial ROS1 inhibitor, with objective response rates (for patients with target lesions) and median progression-free survival of 82.8% (95% CI: 68.1%-97.9%) and 18.7 months (95% CI: 8.9-28.4 months), respectively. CNS was the most common site of progression for crizotinib (60%, 13/26, including 11 intracranial progressions alone). Compared to patients who received a chemotherapy-based regimen (n = 8) as first-line therapy, patients who received ROS1-TKI (n = 32) as first-line therapy had significantly longer median PFS (18.3 months vs. 3.7 months, p < 0.001). For ROS1 inhibitor-resistant patients, 48.3% of patients underwent rebiopsy throughout the course of their disease, with G2032R being the most common secondary ROS1 mutation (7/8).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>With the innovation of diagnostic and therapeutic methods and the expansion of the scope of the health insurance coverage, more and more patients are benefiting from new technologies and targeted drugs. Although crizotinib has brought excellent therapeutic data for ROS1-positive patients, better brain protection strategies should be explored for ROS1-positive patients in the future. In addition, the low rate of rebiopsy in real-world ROS1-positive patients should also be emphasized in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23338,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic Cancer","volume":"16 9","pages":"e70086"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12068926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Modifying Lazertinib Doses on Effectiveness and Safety in Patients With EGFR-Positive Advanced Lung Cancer: A Multicenter, Prospective Observational Cohort Study.","authors":"Mi-Hyun Kim, Min Ki Lee, Ji Eun Park, Sun Hyo Park, Tae Won Jang, Chi Young Jung, Insu Kim, Seong Hoon Yoon, June Hong Ahn, Hyun-Kyung Lee, Jin Han Park, Sun Ha Choi, Jung Seop Eom","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.70083","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1759-7714.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The clinical application of lazertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has extended to the treatment of EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the effects of its dose modification on its efficacy and safety have not yet been adequately established.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study aims to evaluate the clinical implications of adjusting the lazertinib dose. Patients will be categorized into two groups based on the lazertinib dose administered during the initial 12 weeks of treatment in routine clinical practice: 160 and 240 mg groups. The primary endpoints are progression-free survival in the 160 mg group and identifying risk factors associated with dose modification during the 12-week period.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings from the present study will provide real-world insights into the clinical factors leading to lazertinib dose adjustments and deepen our understanding of the efficacy and safety of lazertinib in patients with NSCLC. Our research will contribute toward optimizing medical strategies for NSCLC treatment and aid clinicians in making accurate clinical decisions regarding dose modifications in routine practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23338,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic Cancer","volume":"16 10","pages":"e70083"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12093247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extra-Adrenal Paraganglioma Mimicking a Hilar Lymph Node Metastasis From Testicular Cancer: A Case Study.","authors":"Marina Nakatsuka, Satoshi Takamori, Takanobu Kabasawa, Shuichi Shimada, Makoto Endo, Satoshi Shiono","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extra-adrenal paraganglioma is a rare tumor and is difficult to diagnose. We report a case of extra-adrenal paraganglioma in the hilum identified after treatment for multiple intrathoracic lymph node metastases from testicular cancer. A 32-year-old man presented to the hospital with a cough. Computed tomography revealed multiple lung tumors and intrathoracic lymph node swelling. The patient was diagnosed with left-sided testicular cancer with multiple intrathoracic metastases. A left orchiectomy was performed, followed by chemotherapy. A lung biopsy confirmed the absence of residual cancer. Three months after the lung biopsy, ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography revealed fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the right hilum. Suspecting lymph node metastasis from testicular cancer, we performed tumor resection. Pathological findings diagnosed the lesion as a paraganglioma. Diagnosing extra-adrenal paraganglioma hidden by a primary tumor is highly challenging without complete remission of the primary tumor.</p>","PeriodicalId":23338,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic Cancer","volume":"16 9","pages":"e70080"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anlotinib Plus Osimertinib in Osimertinib-Resistant Nonsquamous Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer With Gradual Progression: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Yu Hua, Minghui Liu, Boshi Li, Hongbing Zhang, Zihe Zhang, Yanan Wang, Jinghao Liu, Xin Li, Yongwen Li, Sen Wei, Hongyu Liu, Jun Chen","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.70071","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1759-7714.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have shown that anlotinib plus third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) overcome acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in patients with advanced EGFR-mutant nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate whether anlotinib plus osimertinib overcame acquired resistance in patients with nsq-NSCLC who gradually progressed after first-line EGFR-TKI treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included patients with nsq-NSCLC who developed gradual progression after first-line osimertinib treatment, underwent an anlotinib plus osimertinib regimen in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, and had available data from October 8, 2020 to October 14, 2023. Outcomes included the efficacy, assessed by progression-free survival (PFS), of anlotinib plus osimertinib treatment (PFS1) and prior osimertinib treatment (PFS2), to disease progression, objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety as assessed by the incidence of treatment-related toxicities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 28 patients with nsq-NSCLC were included, with a median follow-up of 12 months (range, 7.8-16.2). Treatment with anlotinib plus osimertinib led to a median PFS1 of 10.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.4-11.6). With a median follow-up from prior osimertinib therapy of 31.5 months (range, 20.8-42.2), the median PFS2 was 22.0 months (95% CI, 17.5-26.5). The ORR to combination therapy was 3.6% (95% CI, 0.2-20.2) and the DCR was 85.7% (95% CI, 67.3-96.0). All patients experienced treatment-related toxicities, with 10.7% showing grade 3, and none were grade ≥ 4.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Anlotinib plus osimertinib exhibited encouraginsg anti-tumor activity and had a manageable safety profile in patients with nsq-NSCLC showing gradual progression on osimertinib.</p>","PeriodicalId":23338,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic Cancer","volume":"16 10","pages":"e70071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12093106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating Tumor DNA Dynamic Changes in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Receiving Immunochemotherapy.","authors":"Yijia Guo, Wang Qu, Yun Liu, Tao Qu, Yan Song, Jianping Xu, Bo Zhang, Jing Huang","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.70084","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1759-7714.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment strategy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The value of ctDNA dynamic changes in ESCC patients treated with immunochemotherapy was not clear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was performed to analyze the association of ctDNA dynamic changes with the treatment efficacy of immunochemotherapy in patients with locally advanced, metastatic, or recurrent ESCC and who received immunochemotherapy at the Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center from June 2023 to December 2024. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) and PD-L1 expression of tumor tissue were also explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>57 patients with paired ctDNA at baseline and during treatment were analyzed. We found that patients with negative ctDNA during treatment demonstrated a higher tumor regression rate (96.8% vs. 73.1%; p = 0.018) and a higher cCR rate (45.2% vs. 15.4%; p = 0.022). Additionally, patients with continuously negative ctDNA (p = 0.033) or experienced ctDNA clearance during treatment (p = 0.043) had a higher cCR rate compared to those with persistently positive ctDNA. Moreover, among patients with TP53 mutations at baseline, those with TP53 mutations cleared during treatment showed a higher tumor regression rate (88.9% vs. 54.5%; p = 0.031) and cCR rate (33.3% vs. 0%; p = 0.038) compared to patients with persistent TP53 mutations. No correlation was observed between TMB and treatment efficacy, while a higher cCR rate was observed in patients with PD-L1 CPS ≥ 15 (63.6% vs. 24.4%; p = 0.027).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ctDNA dynamic changes demonstrated potential predictive value for the efficacy of immunochemotherapy in patients with ESCC. Further exploration through larger-scale studies is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":23338,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic Cancer","volume":"16 9","pages":"e70084"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12068925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjuvant Chemotherapy May be Waived for Breast Cancer Nonresponders to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Population-Based Large Cohort Study.","authors":"Lixi Li, Di Zhang, Shuning Liu, Cheng Zeng, Yalong Qi, Fei Ma","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in breast cancer patients who did not respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) following surgery.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective analysis was performed using a large, population-based cohort to identify breast cancer patients who underwent radical surgery following NAC without achieving a response. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models were employed to assess clinical outcomes and prognostic factors. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to compare outcomes between patients receiving AC vs. those who did not, followed by subgroup analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1866 patients were included, of whom 1030 received postoperative AC. The median follow-up time was 68.0 months. Patients receiving AC had a median overall survival (OS) of 124.0 months, compared to 93.0 months for those not receiving AC. However, multivariate analysis indicated that receiving postoperative AC was not an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, PSM analysis indicated no improvement in long-term survival for patients receiving postoperative AC compared to those not receiving it. Subgroup analysis further supported these findings, revealing no significant differences in OS between AC and Non-AC cohorts across various subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that breast cancer patients unresponsive to NAC may derive limited benefit from subsequent AC. Therefore, the decision to administer AC should be carefully considered, and alternative therapeutic strategies should be explored for these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23338,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic Cancer","volume":"16 9","pages":"e70069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Exposure to Benzodiazepines on Adverse Effects and Efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Kiyoshi Takagaki, Yoshiya Ohno, Taiichiro Otsuki, Aki Kubota, Takashi Kijima, Toshiyuki Tanaka","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of concomitant medications on immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. Benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZRAs), commonly prescribed for anxiety and insomnia in cancer care, may influence antitumor immunity via γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling. Here, we retrospectively analyzed medical records of NSCLC patients treated with ICIs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In an initial exploratory analysis, BZRA use was significantly associated with a lower incidence of irAEs, prompting further evaluation. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to adjust for potential confounding factors. In the matched cohort, we assessed associations between BZRA use, irAE incidence, and ICI efficacy, as measured by progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the matched cohort, BZRA use was significantly associated with a lower incidence of irAEs (OR 0.33, 95% CI: 0.13-0.80, p = 0.015). BZRA use was also linked to shorter PFS (HR 1.80, 95% CI: 1.13-2.86, p = 0.013), but not OS (HR 1.63, 95% CI: 0.95-2.81, p = 0.077). In subgroup analysis, among patients who developed irAEs, BZRA use was associated with shorter PFS (HR 2.69, 95% CI: 1.32-5.48, p = 0.007) and OS (HR 3.35, 95% CI: 1.40-8.04, p = 0.007), whereas no significant associations were observed in non-irAE patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BZRA use was associated with reduced irAE incidence and poorer ICI outcomes among patients who developed irAEs, suggesting potential immunosuppressive effects that may impair ICI efficacy in NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23338,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic Cancer","volume":"16 9","pages":"e70081"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12077927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Burden of Early-Onset Esophageal Cancer From 1990 to 2021: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.","authors":"Guotian Pei, Yuqing Huang, Yingshun Yang, Shuai Wang, Shushi Meng, Jun Liu, Hongjing Jiang","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.70082","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1759-7714.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the global burden of early-onset esophageal cancer (EOEC) and its associated risk factors from 1990 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021 to assess EOEC incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across 204 countries. Statistical modeling techniques, including age-period-cohort analysis and joinpoint regression, were employed to assess trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, the global age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) for EOEC were 1.24 (95% CI: 1.19-1.40), 0.95 (95% CI: 0.85-1.08), and 45.07 (95% CI: 40.03-50.89) per 100 000 population, respectively. The highest burden was observed in countries with high-middle SDI, while high-SDI countries had the lowest rates. Regionally, Southern Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest ASIR and ASMR, whereas Andean Latin America reported the lowest. Men consistently exhibited higher incidence and mortality rates than women, with rates approximately three times greater. Between 1990 and 2021, significant global reductions in ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR were observed, particularly between 2003 and 2007, driven primarily by improvements in high-SDI countries. Smoking and alcohol consumption emerged as predominant risk factors, contributing substantially to DALYs in high- and middle-SDI countries, while low vegetable intake was a key risk factor in low-SDI countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While EOEC incidence and mortality have declined globally, persistent disparities in low-SDI countries demand urgent attention. Prioritizing risk factor interventions will be essential in high-risk populations. Coordinated global efforts, aligned with international health goals, are crucial to closing the gap and addressing regional needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23338,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic Cancer","volume":"16 10","pages":"e70082"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12093250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}