C-Arm Cone Beam CT-Guided Preoperative Microcoil Pulmonary Ground Glass Nodule Localization: Diagnostic and Surgical Advantage.

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of C-arm cone beam CT (CBCT)-guided microcoil localization combined with uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for the management of small, difficult-to-localize ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and sub-solid nodules in the lungs.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 13 patients with single, small, peripheral, non-subpleural GGOs or SSN. All patients underwent successful microcoil localization using CB-CT guidance followed by uniportal VATS resection. A microcoil was positioned partly in the lung parenchyma and partly in the extra-pleural space to assist in intraoperative localization. We evaluated the rate of correct microcoil placement and the technical success of the resection.

Results: Microcoil placement was successfully performed in all patients, with an average procedure time of 28.8 ± 10.8 min. The mean nodule size was 9.9 ± 5.4 mm, and 76.9% of the nodules were classified as ground-glass opacities. No intraparenchymal bleeding was observed, and four patients (30.8%) experienced pneumothorax, all of which were self-limited and required no intervention or coil repositioning. The uniVATS resection success rate was 100%.

Conclusion: CBCT-guided microcoil localization, with partial placement of the coil in the extra-pleural space, proved to be a highly effective technique for the localization and resection of small pulmonary nodules. The procedure demonstrated high accuracy, minimal complications, reduction of procedural time, and short hospital stays. Intraoperative fluoroscopy was never necessary, with a high reduction in radiation exposure for the patient and the operator. Further studies with larger populations and longer follow-ups are needed to validate these findings.