American Journal of Pharmacy And Health Research最新文献

{"title":"Case Report on Wellens Syndrome","authors":"A. Babbar, R. Rawat, Ankit Sharma, P. Mathur","doi":"10.46624/ajphr.2018.v6.i9.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajphr.2018.v6.i9.005","url":null,"abstract":"Wellens syndrome is a pattern of electrocardiographic T-wave changes associated with critical, proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery stenosis. We are presenting a case of wellens syndrome where 58 years old male patient admitted in the hospital with intermittent chest pain and dryness of mouth from last one month. He was diagnosed with Wellens Syndrome by ECG findings and treatment started accordingly. This syndrome may lead to major infarction if left unrecognized or untreated. Key word: Wellens syndrome, LAD, ECG, Myocardial Infarction. *Corresponding Author Email: swtgirl9559@gmail.com Received 22 August 2018, Accepted 04 August 2018 Babbar et al., Am. J. Pharm Health Res 2018;6(09) ISSN: 2321-3647 www.ajphr.com 76 INTRODUCTION Wellens syndrome is a pattern of electrocardiographic T-wave changes associated with critical, proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery stenosis. The syndrome is also referred to as LAD coronary T-wave syndrome. Syndrome criteria include T wave changes plus a history of anginal chest pain without serum marker abnormalities, patients lack Q waves and significant ST-segment elevation, such patients show normal precordial R-wave progression. The natural history of Wellens syndrome is anterior wall acute myocardial infarction. The T-wave abnormalities are persistent and may remain in place for hours to weeks, the clinician likely will encounter these changes in the sensation-free patient. With definitive management of the stenosis, the changes resolve with normalization of the electrocardiogram. If left untreated, most of the patients will develop into extensive anterior infarction, even death. Spasm-related angina sometimes shows similar ECG changes, and calcium channel blockers and long-acting nitrates, not the b-blockers and coronary interventions, are the mainstream of the therapy. Case Report A 58year old male presented with intermittent chest pain and dryness of mouth from last one month. His pain has occurred mostly in the morning and at night, associated with excessive sweating, radiating to scapulas and relieving spontaneously. He had history of CAD and 40years of tobacco or smoking (50 biddies per day) but physical examination was normal. Laboratory examinations like complete blood count (CBC), electrolytes and renal function was normal. Cardiac enzymes were also normal. In ECG there were findings of Sinus Bradycardia, Abnormal Q wave, Anteroseptal Myocardial Infarction, ST segment deviation, T Wave abnormality (I, aVL, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6) Troponin I was found as 0.09ng/ml. He was diagnosed with Wellens Syndrome and given dual anti-platelet (oral aspirin and clopidogrel) and oral statin (atorvastatin) stat. The patient was brought to angiography laboratory immediately and 60 65% LAD occlusion was observed. The patient was discharged from the hospital without any complication after angiographic intervention. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION T wave inversion is the most common ECG finding on the patients who ar","PeriodicalId":233230,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacy And Health Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122216891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clostridium Difficile Infection: in Human Diagnosis and Management","authors":"Krushnarao Bhorgir, K. Dhumal, Rohit Palve","doi":"10.46624/ajphr.2018.v6.i9.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajphr.2018.v6.i9.004","url":null,"abstract":"Clostridium Difficile (CD) is the most important cause of nosocomial diarrhea in adults. Illness may range from mild watery diarrhoea to life-threatening colitis. CD has now also emerged in the community in populations previously considered low risk. Emerging risk factors and disease recurrence represent continued challenges in the management of CDI. Diagnosis is based primarily on the detection of C. difficile toxin A or toxin B. These toxins primarily disrupt the cytoskeletal structure and the tight junctions of target cells causing cell rounding and ultimately cell death. The toxins trigger a complex cascade of host cellular responses to cause diarrhoea, inflammation and tissue necrosisthe major symptoms of CDI. The factors responsible for the epidemic of some C. difficile strains are poorly understood the organism has evolved over the last 8 years to become more virulent and resistant to antimicrobials causing a more severe form of the disease that has increased mortality and healthcare costs. The guideline provides recommendations for the diagnosis and management of patients with CDI as well as for the prevention and control of outbreaks while supplementing previously published guidelines. New molecular diagnostic stool tests will likely replace current enzyme immunoassay tests. We suggest treatment of patients be stratified depending on whether they have mild-to-moderate, severe or complicated disease. This chapter highlights the current knowledge on C. difficile how to produce infection in human, transmission, guidelines, Epidemiology, risk and diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":233230,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacy And Health Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123786876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Buccal Film containing Vildagliptin","authors":"S. V. Pol, Jagtap R.S, D. R.C, S. Takarkhede, Jagtap S.R","doi":"10.46624/ajphr.2018.v6.i9.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajphr.2018.v6.i9.003","url":null,"abstract":"The present study deals with the formulation of fast dissolving films of vildagliptin that is used for the treatment of Diabetes. The concept of fast dissolving drug delivery emerging from the desire to provide better patient compliance and avoid first pass metabolism. In the present research work, various trials were carried out using film forming agents such as HPMC, Maltodextrine, Polyethylene alcohol, to prepare an ideal film. Solvent casting method was used for the preparation of films. The prepared films were evaluated for weight uniformity, drug content, film thickness, folding endurance. The in vitro dissolution studies were carried out using ph-6.8 phosphate buffer. This approach increase therapeutic efficiency of pharmaceutical actives by avoiding hepatic first pass metabolism, deliver drug molecule in control manner, enhance absorption and improves patient compliance","PeriodicalId":233230,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacy And Health Research","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121465990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Anti Cancer Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Eclipta Alba (L.)","authors":"Y. Anil Kumar, K. Ravi Kumar, Y. Sirisha, B. Gopikrishna, S. Yashita raga","doi":"10.46624/ajphr.2018.v6.i9.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajphr.2018.v6.i9.006","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is a group of diseases involving uncontrolled and abnormal growth of cells with potential to invade (or) spread to other parts of body. The aim of present study is to evaluate the invitro anti cancer screening of ethanolic extract of whole plant of Eclipta alba against HL-60 cell lines by SRB (sulphorhodamine) assay, besides this property it has many other therapeutic uses. The plant with methanol is kept in closed vessel for seven days and the obtained extract is subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vitro anti cancer screening, these test reveals the presence of secondary metabolites and LD50 concentration of extract was >80 μg/ml respectively i.e) the extract can inhibit the growth of cancer cells rather than killing them. For killing the cancerous cells very high concentration of extract is required.","PeriodicalId":233230,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacy And Health Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126465290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Dry Powder Inhaler Containing Inhaled Carticosteroids and Long Acting Beta Agonist of Different Fill Weight","authors":"A. Jadhav, Y. Sharma, Maheshanand Giri, S. Aglawe, A. Gayke, R. Kalkotwar","doi":"10.46624/ajphr.2018.v6.i9.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajphr.2018.v6.i9.002","url":null,"abstract":"The overall objective of this research project was to study the in DPI formulations containing ICH and LABA to achieve efficient drug deposition goals. Hence, this project focused on the formulation development of DPIs and impact of different fill weight or fill volume in performance as well as other physicochemical parameter. The performance mainly APSD of dry powder inhalers containing LABA & ICS was found to be optimum when it is formulated with 30% of fine grade lactose monohydrate. The APSD evaluation was concluded that the deposition of particle of (F8) 12.5 mg is better than (F4) 25 mg. It’s may due to more void space in the 12.5 mg capsule formulation than 25 mg capsule formulation. Due to this good turbulence occurs and separation drug particle form carrier surface is more and give better deposition compared to 25 mg fill weight formulation per capsule. The overall project concluded the 12.5mg formulation (F8) is good. These formulations are advantages over 25 mg formulation such as less carrier residue, cost effective, good therapeutic result.","PeriodicalId":233230,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacy And Health Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129189945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on the Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Whole Plant of Saccharum Spontaneum (Linn.)","authors":"J. A. Devi, K. Madhumitha, N. Venkateshan","doi":"10.46624/ajphr.2018.v6.i9.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajphr.2018.v6.i9.001","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a growing interest in researching and developing new antimicrobial agents from various sources to combat microbial resistance. Therefore, a greater attention has been paid to antimicrobial activity screening and evaluating methods. The research work was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of whole plant of Saccharum spontaneum Linn. (Family: Poaceae). Disc diffusion technique was used for antibacterial and cup plate method was used for antifungal screening. Antibacterial tests were performed by disc diffusion method on nutrient agar, in order to analyze the percentage zone of inhibition. Whole plant’s extract showed the significant zone of inhibition (mm), against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Modified agar well diffusion method was used to measure the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Antifungal method was performed by cup plate method against Candida albicans. Due to presence of tannins, polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids, it inhibits the growth of bacteria on most regulatory levels.","PeriodicalId":233230,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacy And Health Research","volume":"54 44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126151292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Antidiarrhoeal and Antimotility Activities of Methanolic Extract of Musa Sapientum Flowers and Fruit Peels","authors":"G. Panda, P. N. Narasimha Murthy, Iswori Prasad Padhy, Ghanshyam Panigrahi","doi":"10.46624/ajphr.2018.v6.i8.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajphr.2018.v6.i8.001","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study was investigation of antidiarrhoeal and antimotility activities of methanolic extract of musa sapientum (familyMusaceae) flowers and fruit peels. The phytochemical analysis of both extracts of Musa sapientum revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, proteins, coumarins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins and phenolic compounds. The extracts were evaluated for castor oilinduced diarrhoea and intestinal motility test in rats. Both the methanolic extracts were significantly (p<0.05) and dose dependently reduced frequency of stooling in castor oil-induced diarrhoea and anti-motility action in intestinal motility test. These findings suggest that the methanolic extract of the musa sapientum flowers and fruit peels may contain some biologically active ingredients that are useful for the treatment of diarrhoea.","PeriodicalId":233230,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacy And Health Research","volume":"299 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121454618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Awareness and Practice among Consumers Towards Safe Disposal of Unused and Expired Medication in Urban Area of Dehradun District","authors":"Prashant Mathur, Usha Pokhariya","doi":"10.46624/ajphr.2018.v6.i8.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajphr.2018.v6.i8.003","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays community disposes numerous unused and expired medicines via general waste or sewerage. Expired drug causes toxicity risk which allows the active substance to undergo dreadful condition. Various agencies have given different guidelines meant for disposing of the unused and expired medications, but there exists some discrepancies among these guidelines. The present study was intended to assess the knowledge, awareness and practice among consumers towards safe disposal of unused and expired medication in Urban Area of Dehradun District. To determine the possible threat/consequence of unusual disposing of medication with respect to environment. This prospective and observational study involving with the consumer based on self structured questionnaire, which involves data related to their socio-demographic data, practice employed for the dispose, awareness related to the environmental hazards and opinion for proper disposing methods. The study was carried out in Urban Area of Dehradun district for 6 months. A total of 200 consumers were included in the study. Total of 200 participants, 18 were non-respondent. Out of 182 participants, 117(64.28%) were male while 65(35.71%) were female. Among 182 participants 64(35.16%) were from the age-group of 26-35 years. Most of the participants 79(43.40%) were having graduate in their education level. Fifty eight (31.86%) acknowledged that they keep drugs with them until expired and ninety eight (53.84%) acknowledged that they throw away expired medication in household garbage. Out of 182 participants, 174(95.60%) acknowledged that they note the expiry date on the medicines before purchasing. Sixty four (35.16%), 66(36.26%) and 75(41.20%) participants acknowledged method of disposal based on formulation type. One hundred forty seven (80.76%)participants out of 182 aware towards environmental hazards by unused and expired medication. Among 182 participants 67(36.81%) acknowledged that they utilized the take back programme that was based upon returning of unused and expired medication to the pharmacy. It was concluded in this study that practice for disposing unused and expired medications by consumers were not appropriate. Healthcare practitioners and community pharmacists should recommend guidance to educate consumers on measure medicine disposal practices.","PeriodicalId":233230,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacy And Health Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134127216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jejunostomy Following Complete Jejunal Transection After Blunt Abdominal Trauma: A Rare Case Report","authors":"S. Yadav, Anju Nagar, R. Meena, R. Suthar","doi":"10.46624/ajphr.2018.v6.i8.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajphr.2018.v6.i8.002","url":null,"abstract":"Abdominal injury following road traffic accident is less common, compared to the extremities, head and chest. Bowel may get injured following blunt abdominal trauma, but perforation and complete transection is rare. Reports of intestinal perforation during low energy impacts such as bicycle falls, are extremely rare. We report a case of 30-year-old male, who presented with severe abdominal pain, following bicycle road traffic accident. Chest X-Ray was normal, X ray flat plain abdomen showed air under both dome of the diaphragm and abdominal FAST scan revealed intra-peritoneal free fluid with internal echoes. Early exploration and prompt surgical intervention led to the successful outcome in this patient","PeriodicalId":233230,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacy And Health Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124607148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Evaluation of Doxofylline Immediate Release Tablets","authors":"Bharathi Agirela, Nandini Akula, Nikitha. Ponnam, C. D.","doi":"10.46624/ajphr.2018.v6.i7.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46624/ajphr.2018.v6.i7.003","url":null,"abstract":"Doxofylline a bronchodilator and anti-tussive is used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma that acts as phosphor diesterase inhibitor with minimum cardiovascular side effects due to low affinity foradenosine receptors (both A1 and A2) unlike theophylline and other xanthine derivatives. Doxofylline is water soluble and comes under biopharmaceutical classification class III with high solubility and low permeability. In this study an attempt has been made in development and to evaluate the formulation of Doxofylline tablets of 400mg and these compressed tablets were tested for friability, thickness, disintegration time, hardness, weight variation and assay. The formulation trial F4 was optimized considering the drug release profile and the disintegration time of tablets as they were very close to the reference product values. From this study, it may be concluded that for Doxofylline tablets, F4 stands as a successful formulation and can be manufactured with reproducible characteristics from batch to batch to match the release profile with the reference product. The in-vitro release of Doxofylline tablets was studied in 900 ml of distilled water as dissolution medium using an I.P dissolution paddle assembly at 100rpm and 37±2°C for 45min.","PeriodicalId":233230,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacy And Health Research","volume":"24 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114418219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}