Translational Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"Effects of coating on recovery of <i>Escherichia coli</i>-derived phytase under different steam pelleting conditions.","authors":"Yuming Wang, Hu Zhang, Ning Cao, Bingqian Qi, Feng Zhao, Jingjing Xie","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf035","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of coating on the recovery rate (<b>RR</b>) of phytase activity during the steam conditioning-pelleting (<b>SCP</b>) process. A split-plot design was employed, with phytases assigned to the main plot and two conditioning temperatures (75 or 85 °C) assigned to the subplot. The whole plot was repeated four times. In Exp. 1, six phytases were analyzed, including an uncoated phytase (<b>NP</b>) NP1 (NP1), two coated phytases (<b>CP</b>) CP1 and CP2 derived from NP1, and three commercial phytases (<b>MP)</b> MP1-MP3. In Exp. 2, coating technology was refined based on the results of Exp. 1, and nine phytases were analyzed, including an NP2, five coated phytases CP3-CP7 derived from NP2, and three commercial phytases MP4-MP6. Phytase activity after the steam-conditioning, pelleting, and cooling process was analyzed, and the RR of phytase activity was calculated for each process. In Exp. 1, significant interactions between phytase and conditioning temperature on the RR of phytase activity were observed (<i>P </i>< 0.05). The RR of CP1 and CP2 did not differ from that of NP1. Commercial phytase MP3 exhibited a lower RR than the other four phytases when conditioned at 75 °C (<i>P </i>< 0.05). Except for MP3, the RR of phytases decreased as the conditioning temperature increased (<i>P </i>< 0.05). In Exp. 2, the RR of phytase decreased as the conditioning temperature increased from 75 to 85 °C (<i>P </i>< 0.05). Compared with NP2, the RR increased, and the loss rate of activity for all five coated phytase (CP3-CP7) decreased after the conditioning process (<i>P </i>< 0.05). Commercial phytase MP4 and MP6 had comparable RR to NP2, while MP5 exhibited a comparable RR to CP3-CP7. In conclusion, the coating technology used in Exp. 1 did not increase the RR of phytase during the pelleting process, whereas the improved coating process employed in Exp. 2 effectively increased the thermostability of phytase.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf035"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in colostrum management and transfer of passive immunity between purebred dairy and dairy × beef crossbred calves in Indiana and Michigan.","authors":"Jessica Kern, Matt W Jorgensen, Jacquelyn P Boerman, Marisa Erasmus, Jay S Johnson, Jessica A Pempek","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf062","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of beef genetics in dairy herds is becoming increasingly popular due to higher value for dairy × beef crossbred compared to purebred dairy calves. While previous research has documented higher-quality neonatal care for female compared to male dairy calves, few studies have investigated colostrum management between purebred dairy and dairy × beef crossbred calves. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to 1) compare transfer of passive immunity <b>(TPI)</b> between purebred dairy and dairy × beef crossbred calves and 2) investigate colostrum management practices associated with TPI on farms rearing both calf breeds. A blood sample was collected from the jugular vein of 12 purebred dairy and 12 dairy × beef crossbred calves (1 to 7 d of age) across 15 dairy farms to measure serum total protein <b>(STP)</b> concentration using serum refractometry. Sex, age, and breed were recorded for each calf. A 29-question survey was also administered to dairy farm managers that included questions on colostrum management, calf sale, and farm demographics. Descriptive statistics were computed for survey-based questions, and mixed effects ordinal regression models were created to evaluate factors at the calf and farm-level that were associated with TPI, categorized according to Lombard et al. (2020). Consensus recommendations on calf- and herd-level passive immunity in dairy calves in the United States. J. Dairy Sci. 103:7611-7624. doi:https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-17955) as excellent TPI (STP ≥ 6.2 g/dL), good TPI (STP 5.8 to 6.1 g/dL), fair TPI (STP 5.1 to 5.7 g/dL), and poor TPI (STP < 5.1 g/dL). All farms reported similar colostrum management practices between purebred dairy and dairy × beef crossbred calves. Most farms (60%, 9/15) fed 2 colostrum feedings, 33% (5/15) of farms fed 1 colostrum feeding, and 7% (1/15) fed 3 or more colostrum feedings. Serum total protein concentration ranged from 3.2 to 8.0 g/dL, and the distribution of calves within each TPI category was: 20.8% (74/355) excellent, 25.4% (90/355) good, 26.5% (94/355) fair, and 27.3% (97/355) poor. There was no evidence to suggest differences in TPI between breeds. The reported timing of the first colostrum feeding influenced TPI; calves born on farms that reported feeding colostrum within 1 h after birth had reduced odds of being within a lower TPI category (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.77; <i>P</i> = 0.002). The results of this study indicate that colostrum management practices and TPI did not differ between purebred dairy and dairy × beef crossbred calves. Future research should continue to explore strategies to improve TPI for dairy calves regardless of breed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf062"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary inorganic and organic iron sources on maternal and piglet iron status across one complete reproductive cycle in highly prolific sows.","authors":"Katlyn A McClellan, Abigail L Morse, Yanbin Shen, Joe Crenshaw, Joshua Jendza, Eric M Weaver","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf080","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄) is commonly used in swine diets, yet sow anemia remains prevalent, prompting the need to evaluate alternative iron sources. This study evaluated polysaccharide complexed iron (PC-Fe; non-heme organic iron source) and spray-dried bovine blood cells (HEME-Fe; heme-organic iron source) as alternatives to FeSO₄ (CON-Fe; inorganic iron source) on sow and offspring iron status. At 2 ± 1 d of gestation, 44 female pigs were allocated by parity (0 to 4), body weight, and initial blood hemoglobin (Hb) to one of three dietary iron treatments: a control group (CON-Fe) receiving 125 mg/kg of iron from FeSO₄ monohydrate (n = 15), a non-heme organic iron group (PC-Fe) receiving 125 mg/kg iron from a polysaccharide-complexed iron source (n = 15), and a heme iron group (HEME-Fe) receiving equal amounts of Fe from FeSO₄ and organic heme iron from spray-dried red blood cells (RBCs) (n = 14). Sows were fed their assigned diets until weaning, meeting or exceeding the estimated nutrient requirements for gilts during both gestation and lactation. Sow blood was collected on days 0, 30 ± 2, 60 ± 2, 90 ± 2, and 110 ± 2 of gestation, and at weaning (day 18 ± 3 of lactation). In piglets, Hb was measured within 12 hours after birth and at weaning (day 18 ± 3) using a point-of-care analyzer (HemoCue 201+). Additionally, four piglets per litter were sampled at birth and two at weaning for serum analyses via jugular puncture. Sow and piglet serum samples were analyzed for serum iron (SI), ferritin (SF), and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). Sow whole blood was also analyzed for hematological parameters including white blood cells, RBC, Hb, packed cell volume, and platelet counts. On day 90 of gestation, sows supplemented with HEME-Fe had higher Hb concentrations (12.1 g/dL) compared to those receiving CON-Fe (10.9 g/dL) and PC-Fe (10.8 g/dL) (<i>P</i> = 0.001). On day 30, PC-Fe sows had higher SF concentrations (21.4 ng/mL) than CON-Fe sows (10.4 ng/mL; <i>P</i> = 0.027), with HEME-Fe sows showing intermediate values (15.4 ng/mL). The PC-Fe sows also tended to have lower TIBC (576.7 µg/dL) than CON-Fe sows (613.1 µg/dL; <i>P</i> = 0.059), with HEME-Fe again being intermediate (600.4 µg/dL). Piglet anemia at birth (Hb < 10 g/dL) was lowest in PC-Fe (29%), followed by HEME-Fe (42%), both lower than CON-Fe (75%) (<i>P</i> < 0.001). PC-Fe improved early maternal iron storage, while HEME-Fe supported late gestational Hb, both enhancing neonatal iron status compared to FeSO₄.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf080"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breeding Bulls in Alberta: a cross-sectional descriptive survey of breeding bull herds and current management strategies.","authors":"Thomas Daborn, Edmond A Pajor, Jennifer M Pearson","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf082","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, there is very little known about bull demographics and how bulls are managed on cow-calf operations in Alberta. Identifying these knowledge gaps will provide valuable insights on producer practices and potentially influence future management protocols that will improve bull management and the productivity of cow-calf operations. The objectives of this study were to benchmark beef bull herd demographics and bull management strategies in Alberta, Canada and to investigate associations between herd demographics and management strategies. Cow-calf producers were surveyed between February and August 2022 by paper or electronic copies of the survey. Fifty-two of 72 respondents were enrolled. Forty-two percent of the respondents were seedstock producers. The median female herd size exposed for breeding was 160 cows (IQR: 57 to 275; range: 14 to 1600) as reported by 43 respondents. The most common breed of bull used was Angus, followed by Hereford. The median number of bulls kept was 9, (IQR: 4 to 15; range: 1 to 71). Roughly 1 in 6 bulls were culled with the majority of bulls being culled or treated for conditions due to musculoskeletal or infectious foot causes. The median bull:cow ratio was 1:21 (IQR: 1:11 to 1:25) for heifers and 1:23 (IQR 1:20 to 1:26) for cows. The top 3 selection considerations for replacement bulls for breeding heifers was bull birthweight, bull EPD for calving ease, and physical appearance. The selection criteria for cows were bull adjusted weaning weight, physical appearance, and foot and leg conformation. This study contributes novel information on the breeding bull demographics and management strategies of cow-calf producers in Alberta. In addition, it identifies musculoskeletal issues as the major causes of treatment, death, and culling in bulls and recommends further investigation into causes and management strategies to mitigate these issues and improve bull health and welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf082"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of maternal antioxidant supplementation on ovarian development in prepuberal Iberian pig offspring.","authors":"Gerardo Gómez, Ana Heras-Molina, Yolanda Núñez, Fernando Sánchez-Esquiliche, Fernando Gómez-Carballar, Álvaro Olivares, Antonio González-Bulnes, Ana Isabel Rey, Cristina Óvilo, Juan María García-Casco, María Muñoz, Clemente López-Bote","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf078","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A large percentage of breeding sows are culled before replacement costs are covered. Management and feeding are important factors affecting the performance of replacing gilts. Specifically, an optimal redox status has been linked to better fertility. Current research highlights the importance of neonatal criteria and age at puberty as factors in the gilt selection. Maternal antioxidant supplementation has benefits on the litter's performance, but there is scarce data on its effect on the future breeder. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of maternal supplementation with vitamin E (VE) and/or hydroxytyrosol (HXT) on prepuberal ovarian characteristics in Iberian pig offspring. Fifty Iberian sows were supplemented from day 85^th of gestation until weaning with 30 or 100 mg/kg VE and 0 or 1.5 mg/kg HXT, resulting in four groups: VE30HXT0, VE100HXT0, VE30HXT1.5, VE100HXT1.5. At 110 d-old, 10 to 12 daughters were selected from each group to study weight, redox status and ovary histological measures and differences of selected gene expression patterns. Results showed that gilts with high VE had higher superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.05 for both). Furthermore, total and oxidized glutathione showed a VE*HXT interaction, with VE100 gilts having the lowest activity values. These results imply a higher oxidative status with high VE supplementation. However, VE100 gilts also showed larger ovarian surfaces (P < 0.05 for planes 1, 6 and 10) and a lower proportion of small follicles (P < 0.05), which could mean a more proximal state to puberty of VE100 gilts. Furthermore, HXT effects on the ovarian surfaces and ovarian gene expression patterns were modulated by maternal parity. Thus, in gilts from primiparous mothers supplemented with HXT, plane 6 and plane 10 ovarian surfaces were smaller, and the expression of certain genes (<i>FSHR, RUNX1</i> and <i>IGF1</i>) were lower than those from primiparous sows without supplementation (P < 0.05 for all the interactions). In conclusion, dietary antioxidant supplementation during perinatal period affected ovary development during prepuberal stages of the progeny, with different effects according to maternal parity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf078"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12267981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Converting spring-born heifers into summer-calving herds increases subsequent cow longevity and productivity.","authors":"Tim Goodnight, Jacki A Musgrave, Kacie L McCarthy, J Travis Mulliniks","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf077","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to determine the impact of converting spring-born heifers into a summer-calving herd on growth, reproductive performance, longevity, and productivity compared to early or late-born May heifers. Over a 3-yr period, 273 Red Angus/Simmental crossbred heifers were utilized to determine the impact of converting March-born heifers (<b>Convert</b>; n = 90) to a May-calving herd compared to May-born heifers on reproductive performance, body weight, and calf performance from a yearling to 5 yr of age. May-born heifers were retrospectively grouped into 2 different groups: heifers born in the first 21-d of calving as a heifer calf (<b>Early</b>; n = 123) or heifers born after the 21-d of calving as a heifer calf (<b>Late</b>; n = 60). Heifers were exposed to bulls for a 45-d breeding season with a bull-to-heifer ratio of 1:20. Heifers were synchronized with a single injection of prostaglandin F2α (5-mL i.m.; Lutalyse, Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) 5-d after bulls were introduced in the pasture for breeding. Data were analyzed as a randomized design using the MIXED procedure (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC, USA). All binomial data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX. Heifer served as the experimental unit with treatment and year developed set as fixed effects. Heifer body weight (<b>BW</b>) at December, May, July, and pregnancy check (Oct) were greater (<i>P</i> < 0.01) for Convert heifers with no difference between Early and Late born heifers. Heifer body condition score (<b>BCS</b>) at pregnancy check was not different (<i>P</i> = 0.13) among heifer treatment groups. However, pregnancy rate tended (<i>P</i> = 0.08) to increase for Convert heifers with no difference between Early and Late born May heifers. After 5 yr of age, retention rate was increased (<i>P</i> = 0.05) in Convert cows compared to Early and Late May-born cows with no difference (<i>P</i> = 0.64) between the two May-born heifer groups. Total kilograms of calf weaned was greater (<i>P</i> = 0.04) in Convert cows than their counterparts with no differences (<i>P</i> = 0.94) between Early and Late May-born cows. This study implies that selecting replacement heifers from an earlier calving season for replacements in a later calving season increases the longevity and long-term productivity of the cowherd than selecting heifers within the same calving season. This may be even more important in resource-poor breeding environments that create reproductive challenges for heifers and rebreeding young cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf077"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementation of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> fermentation product to beef cows grazing fescue-based pastures and its impact on reproductive performance.","authors":"Vitor R G Mercadante, Jamie L Stewart, Sherrie G Clark, Tracey Redifer, Craig R Belknap, John F Currin","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf063","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to evaluate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) supplementation during the breeding season on reproductive performance of beef cows grazing fescue-dominated pastures (Festuca arundinacea). A total of 883 multiparous suckled beef cows across eight locations were stratified by age and days postpartum (DPP) and randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) CON-mineral supplementation at 90 g/hd/d (n = 439 cows; 13 experimental units), or 2) SCFP-mineral with 9 g SCFP (NaturSafe, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA; n = 444 cows; 13 experimental units). Supplementation began 21 d pre-breeding and continued through the breeding season (approx. 171 d). Cows grazed tall-fescue pastures and followed a fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) protocol (7-d CO-Synch + CIDR) with natural service and clean-up bulls for a 70-d breeding season. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed by ultrasonography at 55 d post-TAI and 40 d after the breeding season. Cow body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were recorded at TAI (day 0) and weaning (day 150). Mineral disappearance was measured weekly. Data were analyzed using GLIMMIX for binomial data and MIXED for continuous data. Cow age and DPP did not differ (<i>P</i> > 0.10) between treatments (6.0 ± 1.0 yr and 79.7 ± 2.6 d, respectively). Mineral disappearance was similar (<i>P</i> = 0.97) between treatments (99.2 and 99.8 ± 8.76 g/hd/d for CON and SCFP, respectively). No differences were observed (<i>P</i> > 0.10) in BW and BCS between treatments on days 0 and 150. SCFP supplementation did not affect estrus expression (63.2% vs 63.7% ± 2.6% for CON and SCFP, respectively; <i>P</i> = 0.91), but TAI pregnancy rates were higher (<i>P</i> = 0.025) in SCFP (65.9% ± 2.5%) compared to CON (57.9% ± 2.5%). Final pregnancy rates tended to be higher (<i>P</i> = 0.057) for SCFP (92.9% ± 1.4%) vs CON (89.0% ± 1.4%), with no effect on calf performance (<i>P</i> > 0.10). In conclusion, SCFP supplementation during the breeding season did not influence BW or BCS but improved TAI pregnancy rates in beef cows grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf063"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creep-grazing fall-born calves on winter annual forages.","authors":"Gabriel J Pent, William S Swecker, Benjamin F Tracy","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf075","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Providing calves with access to high-quality forage through creep grazing prior to weaning may help improve calf productivity. In this study of fall-calving herds, the productivity of a rotationally stocked forage system with 10% of the pasture area rotated between winter forages for creep grazing and summer forages (CRP) was compared to the productivity of rotationally (ROT) and continuously (CON) stocked, perennial forage systems. Calves in CRP were provided access to the creep forage 6 to 26 d before weaning and through a 2-wk weaning process. Creep forage nutritive value declined over sampling period. Cows in CON had lower (P = 0.02) hay requirements than cows in CRP. Cow body condition score (BCS) prior to the creep grazing period was greater for CON cows than cows in other systems (P ≤ 0.001). Spring calf body weight (BW) was lowest in ROT compared to calf BW in the other systems (P ≤ 0.008). Calf BW following a 2-wk weaning process was greater (P ≤ 0.002) for CON and CRP calves (246 ± 4 kg) than for ROT calves (226 ± 5 kg), with no difference in calf BW at weaning (P = 1.0) between CON and CRP. Calf average daily gain (ADG; 0.92 ± 0.04 kg day^-1) from spring pregnancy checks through weaning did not differ between treatments (P ≥ 0.41). While creep grazing systems with cool-season annual forages increased fall-born calf weaning weights compared to rotationally stocked, perennial forage systems, the creep grazing systems required greater hay inputs without weaning weight improvements compared to continuously stocked, perennial forage systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf075"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of late embryonic and early fetal mortality on productivity of beef cows.","authors":"Lucas Melo Gonçalves, Samir Burato, Lucas Neira, Kelsey Harvey, Saulo Menegatti Zoca, Vitor Rodrigues Gomes Mercadante, Pedro Levy Piza Fontes","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf071","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although late embryonic/early fetal mortality (LEEFM) has been extensively researched in the context of reproductive efficiency, its long-term impact on cow productivity over a complete production cycle is poorly described in the scientific literature. This study used a prospective cohort design to evaluate the impact of late LEEFM on the productivity of beef cows. Postpartum cows (n = 2204) were exposed to a fixed-timed artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol followed by natural service breeding for the remainder of the breeding season. Pregnancy status was assessed 28 to 35 and 90 to 115 d after FTAI. Based on pregnancy status, cows were categorized into 1 of 3 cohorts: 1) Cows diagnosed as pregnant to FTAI on both pregnancy diagnoses were considered to have maintained their FTAI pregnancies (MAINT). 2) Cows diagnosed as non-pregnant to FTAI on the first diagnosis were classified as non-pregnant to FTAI (NP). 3) Cows that became pregnant to FTAI and were not pregnant to FTAI at the final pregnancy diagnosis were classified as having experienced LEEFM. Late embryonic and early fetal mortality cows had decreased final pregnancy rates (<i>P</i> < 0.01), calving rates (<i>P</i> < 0.01), and weaning rates (<i>P</i> < 0.01) compared with both MAINT and NP cows. In the subsequent year, LEEFM cows calved later and weaned lighter calves compared with MAINT and NP (<i>P</i> < 0.01). In addition, NP and LEEFM also had decreased (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.03) pregnancy rates to FTAI and final pregnancy rates in the subsequent year compared with MAINT cows. These results indicate that cows experiencing LEEFM exhibited reduced overall performance not only compared to those that maintained their FTAI pregnancy but also to cows that failed to conceive to FTAI, underscoring the detrimental impact of LEEFM on cow productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf071"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12280275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meeting the estimated daily optimal standardized ileal digestible lysine-to-net energy ratios for first and second parity lactating sows improved piglet growth rates.","authors":"Nicole L Gregory, Lee-Anne Huber","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf070","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One hundred three sows (52 first parity and 51 second parity) were used to evaluate the effect of meeting estimated daily optimal standardized ileal digestible (<b>SID</b>) Lys-to-net energy (<b>NE</b>) ratios throughout a 21-day lactation on piglet growth performance and sow body mobilization. A 2 × 2 factorial experimental design with the variables of parity and feeding program was used (n = 25 or 26). First and second parity sows were fed either a static feeding curve providing 3.9 g SID Lys/Mcal NE throughout the entirety of lactation (<b>CON</b>) or a dynamic feeding program that met estimated daily optimal SID Lys-to-NE ratios during lactation for maternal nitrogen retention (first parity sows; ranging from 5.48 to 4.95 g SID Lys/Mcal NE on days 1 and 20, respectively) or milk nitrogen output (second parity sows; ranging from 3.12 to 4.68 g SID Lys/Mcal NE on days 1 and 20, respectively; <b>PRE</b>). Weekly optimal SID Lys-to-NE ratios were determined for lactating primiparous and multiparous sows in previous studies, whereby only maternal nitrogen retention and only milk nitrogen output were influenced by SID Lys-to-NE ratio for primiparous and multiparous sows, respectively. Performance outcomes were not influenced by the interactive effect of feeding program and parity. Average daily feed intake did not differ between the CON and PRE feeding program, while second parity sows consumed more feed than first parity sows (Parity; <i>P</i> < 0.05). No differences were observed for maternal BW loss between the CON and PRE feeding programs, while second parity sows lost less BW than first parity sows (Parity; <i>P</i> < 0.05). Sows on the PRE feeding program tended to lose less backfat depth (<b>BF</b>) than sows on the CON program, regardless of parity (Feeding program; <i>P</i> = 0.094) and second parity sows lost less BF than first parity sows, regardless of feeding program (Parity; <i>P</i> < 0.05). Overall piglet average daily gain (<b>ADG</b>; 256 vs 246 ± 6 g) and piglet BW at weaning (6.45 vs 6.19 ± 0.17 kg) were greater for sows that received the PRE compared to the CON feeding program, regardless of parity (Feeding program; <i>P</i> < 0.05), with second parity sows having greater piglet BW and ADG than first parity sows, regardless of feeding program (Parity; <i>P</i> < 0.05). Therefore, providing a dynamic feeding program to meet estimated daily optimal SID Lys-to-NE ratios during lactation improved piglet growth performance without increasing maternal body weight losses in first and second parity sows.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf070"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12167701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}