Translational Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"Intranasal zinc and vitamin A treatments alter response to bovine respiratory syncytial virus and <i>Mannheimia haemolytica</i> co-infection.","authors":"Emma L Rients, Carlos E Franco, Stephanie L Hansen, Jodi L McGill","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf115","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During disease, there may be increased local demands for zinc (Zn) and vitamin A to support pathogen response. This study evaluates the effects of intranasal Zn and vitamin A treatments on steers experimentally infected with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) pathogens, bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and <i>Mannheimia haemolytica</i>, hypothesizing that steers treated with Zn and vitamin A (VA) will have improved recovery to BRD challenge. Forty-eight Angus crossbred steers (333 ± 4.2 kg) were utilized in two groups with identical challenge timelines. The day prior to challenge (d -1), steers were shipped for 6 hours. On d 0, steers were administered an aerosol inoculation with ~10⁴ TCID₅₀/mL BRSV strain 375 followed by an intratracheal inoculation with <i>M. haemolytica</i> (1.42 × 10⁸ CFU strain D153, serotype A1) on d 5. On d 4, steers received intranasal treatments: zinc (IN ZN; 50 mg Zn oxide nanoparticles), vitamin A (IN VA; 200,000 IU as retinyl palmitate), a combination of zinc (50 mg) and vitamin A (200,000 IU; IN VA + ZN) or no treatment (CON). Statistics were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC) and contrast statements were utilized to determine the effects of Zn, VA and intranasal treatment. Disease challenge resulted in mostly mild, subclinical signs of disease. There was an interaction for plasma VA (TRT × Day <i>P</i> < 0.01) where VA treated steers (IN VA and IN VA + ZN) had sustained plasma VA concentrations on d 5, when ZN and CON had decreased plasma VA. After challenge (d 19), liver VA concentrations were increased in IN VA (IN VA <i>P</i> = 0.03) and IN ZN (IN ZN <i>P</i> = 0.05) treated steers. Zn treated steers (ZN and ZN + VA) tended to have increased gene expression of <i>matrix metalloproteinase 9</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.06) on d 5 and <i>cellular retinol binding protein 1</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.08) on d 7 in cells collected from nasopharyngeal swabs. Additionally, immune cell populations from bronchoalveolar lavage were altered with increased CD11b expression on neutrophils (IN VA <i>P </i>= 0.01) and CD11c on macrophages (IN ZN <i>P</i> = 0.08) on d 7. During a mild disease challenge, intranasal Zn and VA treatments impacted lung inflammatory environment and nutritional immunity, suggesting potential benefits in mild or deficient nutritional statuses.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12416139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of animal performance and gas flux for estimating dry matter intake in growing steers.","authors":"Juan de J Vargas, Maya Swenson, Macarena Gomez-Salmoral, Liza Garcia, Eduardo M Paula, Leo G Sitorski, Leticia M Campos, Pedro H V Carvalho, K R Stackhouse-Lawson, Nicolas DiLorenzo, Sara E Place","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf111","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dry matter intake (<b>DMI</b>) estimation in ruminants is important for providing a balanced diet, increasing animal performance, and reducing nutrient excretion. Gas flux (<b>CO</b> _<b>2</b> and <b>CH</b> _<b>4</b> production) is related to DMI; however, there is limited information regarding the use of gas flux production when estimating DMI in growing steers. This study aimed to 1) determine the relationship of animal growth performance and gas flux variables with DMI of growing steers fed a backgrounding diet, and 2) evaluate the DMI accuracy of eight equations to predict DMI from growing steers fed a forage-based diet. The relationship between DMI, animal growth performance, and gas flux variables was evaluated in 130 backgrounding steers, and two equations were generated to predict DMI. Then, six retrieved equations from the literature and the two new equations were used to determine the prediction accuracy using an independent dataset. Models were compared based on the mean square prediction error (<b>MSPE</b>), the decomposition of the root MSPE (<b>RMSPE</b>), and the concordance correlation coefficient (<b>CCC</b>). In backgrounding steers, DMI had a positive and significant relationship (<i>P < </i>0.01) with shrunk body weight (<b>SBW</b>), average daily gain, and CO₂ and CH₄ production. The production of CO₂ and CH₄ independently explained 48.1% and 40.9% of the observed DMI in growing steers, respectively. One equation retrieved from the literature had an excellent agreement with the observed DMI, with a CCC value of 0.93 and an RMSPE of 0.19 kg/d, representing 2.5% of the average DMI. That equation used SBW and dietary energy concentration. The use of CO₂ production had adequate agreement with the observed DMI, with a CCC value of 0.73 and an RMSPE of 0.45 kg/d, representing 6% of the average DMI. Other equations had null to moderate agreement with the observed DMI, with CCC values ranging from 0.00 to 0.47 and an RMSPE from 0.51 to 4.40 kg/d. In conclusion, there is a positive relationship between DMI, animal growth performance, and gas flux in growing steers fed a backgrounding diet. In addition, CO₂ production has the potential to be used to predict DMI in growing steers fed a forage-based diet. Future research is required to evaluate the relationship between CO₂ production and DMI, especially under grazing conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of bovine lung lesions at slaughter with carcass performance, value and liver-abscess severity.","authors":"Becca B Grimes, Trenton J McEvers, Travis C Tennant, Ty E Lawrence","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf112","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The association of lung abnormalities with carcass performance was evaluated on data from 60,843 carcasses. Lung outcomes were scored for severity of consolidation (N = Normal and < 5% consolidation, 1 = 5 to 15% consolidation, 2 = 15 to 50% consolidation, 3 = > 50% consolidation) and presence of fibrin tags (N = None, M = Minor fibrin, E = Extensive fibrin). Lung consolidation had a strong and detrimental effect (<i>P</i> < 0.01) on hot carcass weight, with lung scores of 1, 2, and 3 resulting in 4.2, 13.2, and 29.9 kg less carcass weight compared to carcasses with normal lungs. Minor and extensive fibrin tags, independent of consolidation, also resulted in lighter carcasses (<i>P</i> < 0.01; 3.5 kg and 7 kg, respectively). Presence of both lung tissue consolidation and fibrin tags resulted in less (<i>P </i>< 0.01) 12th rib fat thickness compared to carcasses with healthy lungs. Similarly, LM area was reduced (<i>P </i>< 0.01) in carcasses with lung consolidation (-1.5 to -5.5 cm²) or presence of fibrin tags (-2.3 to -2.7 cm²) compared to carcasses with healthy lungs. Additionally, severity of lung consolidation and presence of fibrin tags reduced (<i>P</i> < 0.01) calculated yield grade values. The greatest proportion of carcasses exhibited edible livers and did not exhibit lung consolidation or fibrin tags (47.67 and 48.88%). A much lower proportion of carcasses (1.12 and 1.89%) exhibited a lung consolidation score of 3 and extensive prevalence of fibrin tags with a major abscess outcome. Within the edible, minor and major abscess category, as lung consolidation increased from normal to 3 and presence of fibrin tags increased from normal to extensive, a decrease in carcass weight (21.5 to 50.1 kg; 5.4 to 7.4 kg), LM area (3.9 to 6.3 cm²; 1.6 to 3.1 cm²), and 12^th rib fat thickness (0.02 to 0.18 cm; 0.12 to 0.30 cm) was observed. Carcasses with an edible liver and lung consolidation scores of 1, 2, and 3, were valued $17.08, $72.27, and $140.59 less than carcasses without lung consolidation based on detriment to carcass weight. This was more pronounced in carcasses exhibiting minor and major liver abscesses in addition to presence of lung consolidation, resulting in -$19.71 to -$222.71 and -$65.70 to -$394.84 less carcass value, respectfully, compared to a carcass with an edible liver and lung. These data indicate that lung and liver health is an important factor that impacts carcass performance and value, particularly carcass weight, muscling and yield grade outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High canola meal inclusion in gestation and lactation sow diets with <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> product on reproductive performance, milk composition, and nutrient digestibility of sow and litter performance.","authors":"Xiaoxiao Zhang, Debora Muratori Holanda, Anna Rogiewicz, Elijah G Kiarie, Chengbo Yang, Charles Martin Nyachoti","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf113","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to assess how sow and litter performance and nutrient utilization were affected by dietary probiotic supplementation in gestation and lactation diets that contained high levels of canola meal. Seventy-five sows were allotted to one of three treatment diets, starting on d 80 of gestation. The experimental diets included a control diet (<b>CTRL</b>) composed of corn and soybean meal, or a modified CTRL diet where soybean meal was substituted with 300 g/kg of canola meal, provided either with (<b>CCM-P</b>) or without (<b>CCM</b>) <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> product supplementation. On d 80 and d 111 of pregnancy, as well as on d 1 and d 21 following farrowing, the sow body weight (<b>BW</b>) and backfat thickness were recorded. Piglet weights were measured on d 1 and d 19 after birth. Milk and blood samples from sows were collected on d 1 and d 19 post-farrowing to measure nutrient composition. Additionally, fecal samples were gathered on d 110 of gestation and d 19 of lactation to analyze apparent total tract digestibility (<b>ATTD</b>) with titanium dioxide as an indicator. Data were analyzed through the PROC MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4, following a randomized complete block design. Results indicated that the inclusion of CCM in sow diets had no significant effect on sow or litter growth performance, as well as plasma urea N levels. However, in contrast to gestating sows fed the CTRL diet, those fed the CCM diet had lower (<i>P</i> < 0.05) ATTD of gross energy, dry matter, and crude protein. In contrast, the CCM-P diet led to increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) ATTD of phosphorus and tended to increase (<i>P</i> = 0.08) ATTD of calcium relative to the CCM group. Furthermore, lactating sows fed CCM diets demonstrated higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) ATTD of neutral detergent fiber (<b>NDF</b>) compared to the CTRL group. Milk fat content was significantly greater (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in sows consuming CCM diets than those fed the CTRL diet. In conclusion, incorporating 300 g/kg canola meal into sow diets during late gestation and lactation maintained similar reproductive and litter performance compared to the control diet but negatively impacted nutrient digestibility in late gestating sows. Supplementing the canola meal diet with <i>S. cerevisiae</i> product improved phosphorus digestibility and milk fat content, suggesting that probiotics may mitigate some negative effects of canola meal in sow nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risks and uncertainty associated with prices set by equine boarding facility owners.","authors":"Jada M Thompson, Michelle L Kibler, Jennie L Z Ivey","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf107","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Equine boarding facilities provide critical care for a large portion of the U.S. equine population, yet rising input costs challenge facility owners' ability to maintain services without adjusting fees. Understanding how facility owners perceive boarders' willingness to pay (WTP) for increased boarding costs is essential for balancing equine welfare with business sustainability. This study aimed to 1) assess equine facility owners'/managers' perceptions of how boarders would respond to increased boarding rates, and 2) identify factors influencing those perceptions. A 26-question online survey targeting equine boarding facility owners and managers (n = 112 completed responses) was distributed via Extension channels and social media between July and August 2020. Facility owners reported average monthly board rates and answered a double-bounded dichotomous choice WTP scenario based on a hypothetical increase in care costs. Interval regression analysis was used to estimate perceived WTP, controlling for facility size, boarding type, region, income, and demographic factors. Overall, facility owners perceived that boarders would tolerate a 14.28% (P < 0.01) increase in monthly boarding rates. Full board clients were perceived to have slightly lower WTP (13.42%, P < 0.05); however, due to higher baseline costs, this translated into a greater absolute monthly increase ($69.78) compared to other board types ($34.85). Owners with higher household incomes perceived greater boarder WTP (P < 0.05), while facility size and geographic region were not significant factors. These results suggest that although equine owners may tolerate modest rate increases, larger absolute increases for full board may require additional justification through service value. Understanding owner perceptions of boarder WTP can help boarding facilities make informed pricing decisions that support both business viability and equine welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of processing method of hybrid rye grain on growth performance, dietary net energy utilization, and carcass characteristics of yearling beef steers fed a finishing diet.","authors":"Federico Podversich, Warren C Rusche, Scott L Bird, Zachary K F Smith","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf102","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This experiment evaluated the effects of replacing one-third of corn grain in a finishing diet with rye grain (RG) processed using one of three processing methods. Predominately Angus steers (n = 192, initial shrunk BW = 410 ± 20.9 kg) were blocked by source and pen location and assigned to one of four dietary treatments: dry-rolled corn (DRC), unprocessed RG (UNP), dry-rolled RG (DRR) and hammer-milled RG (HMR). Steers were fed for a total of 147 d. Pen was the experimental unit (6 pens per treatment, 8 steers per pen), and data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using three contrasts: grain type [DRC vs. (UNP + DRR + HMR)], RG processing (UNP vs (DRR + HMR), and RG processing method (DRR vs HMR). Processing RG increased (<i>P</i> = 0.02) apparent neutral detergent fiber digestibility (aNDFD). Dry-rolling RG increased digestibility of dry matter and organic matter (<i>P </i>≤ 0.02) and tended (<i>P </i>= 0.09) to increase starch digestibility compared to HMR. Dry matter intake (DMI) was unaffected by grain type (<i>P</i> = 0.55) and whether RG was processed (<i>P</i> = 0.27), but processing method affected DMI (<i>P</i> < 0.01; 11.5 and 12.3 kg/d for DRR and HMR, respectively). Grain type did not affect (<i>P</i> = 0.18) gain to feed (G:F). Rye processing tended to increase G:F by 4.4% (<i>P</i> = 0.08), and DRR steers tended to be 4% more efficient than HMR steers (<i>P</i> = 0.10; 0.146 and 0.140, respectively). Observed Net Energy for gain (paNEg) tended to be 3% greater for DRC than steers fed RG (<i>P</i> = 0.09) with RG processing having no effect (P = 0.17). Steers fed DRR tended to have 4.5% greater paNEg than HMR steers (<i>P</i> = 0.06; 1.32 and 1.26 Mcal/kg, for DRR and HMR, respectively). Rye grain processing tended to decrease dressing percentage (<i>P </i>= 0.07) but no other effects on carcass characteristics or USDA grade distributions were observed (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.24). Liver abscess prevalence was unaffected by grain type (<i>P</i> = 0.81) and whether RG was processed (<i>P</i> = 0.77). However, processing method tended (<i>P </i>= 0.08) to influence liver abscess prevalence (78.4% and 91.8% normal livers for DRR and HMR, respectively). Rye grain effectively replaced one-third of DRC in a finishing diet with minor effects on performance or feed efficiency. Processing RG tended to improve efficiency, and using dry-rolling tended to improve feed efficiency compared to hammer-milling under the conditions of this experiment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12416138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementing yeast culture to beef heifers consuming a forage-based diet.","authors":"Autumn T Pickett, Reinaldo F Cooke, Izadora S de Souza, Willian A de Souza, Guilherme A Monteiro, Mykael B do Prado, Vinícius N Gouvêa, Rafael C Araujo, Shea J Mackey","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf103","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This experiment evaluated the effects of supplementing yeast culture (<b>YC;</b> <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) on in situ ruminal degradability, rumen fermentation and microbiota responses of heifers consuming a forage-based diet. Twelve ruminally-cannulated Angus-influenced heifers were ranked by body weight (<b>BW;</b> 180 ± 4 kg) and assigned to 4 groups of 3 heifers each. Groups were enrolled in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design containing 3 periods of 21 d and 14-d washout intervals. Groups were assigned to receive no YC (<b>CON</b>), or 1.5 g of YC/100 kg of heifer BW (<b>YC1.5</b>) or 3.0 g of YC/100 kg of heifer BW (<b>YC3.0</b>). During each period, heifers (n = 12/treatment) were housed in individual pens and offered water and bermudagrass hay (<i>Cynodon dactylon</i>) for ad libitum consumption, in addition to 650 g/d (as-fed basis) of a corn-based concentrate. The YC was mixed daily with the concentrate during each period (d 0 to 21). Ruminal in situ disappearance of forage dry matter (<b>DM</b>) and neutral detergent fiber (<b>NDF</b>) were evaluated by incubating polyester bags with 4 g of dietary hay on d 17 for 96 h. Rumen fluid samples were collected on d 0, 8, and 16, in a manner that the final collection (d 16) did not interfere with in situ procedures on d 17. Apparent total-tract digestibility (<b>aTTD</b>) of nutrients was calculated using fecal samples collected every 12-h from d 17 to 21. Data were analyzed using orthogonal contrasts (linear and quadratic) with heifer as the experimental unit. Feed intake was not affected (<i>P </i>≥ 0.14) by treatments. Inclusion of YC linearly increased (<i>P </i>≤ 0.04) propionate and iso-butyrate concentrations in the rumen fluid, and tended (<i>P </i>≤ 0.09) to increase acetate and total volatile fatty acid (<b>VFA</b>) concentrations. Inclusion of YC linearly decreased (<i>P </i>= 0.03) the relative abundance of the bacterial genus <i>Succiniclasticum</i>, and linearly increased (<i>P </i>= 0.04) genera Shannon diversity index in the rumen fluid. Inclusion of YC linearly increased (<i>P </i>≤ 0.05) ruminal disappearance rate of hay DM and NDF, but did not affect (<i>P </i>≥ 0.40) degradability of DM and NDF. Inclusion of YC linearly increased (<i>P </i>≤ 0.05) aTTD of starch and NDF. Inclusion of YC linearly increased (<i>P </i>= 0.04) heifer average daily gain and gain:feed (<b>G:F</b>). Collectively, supplementing 1.5 or 3.0 g of YC/100 kg of BW linearly enhanced utilization of dietary nutrients and production of ruminal VFA in beef heifers consuming a forage-based diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12416140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of medium-chain fatty acid supplementation levels in early nursery diets on growth performance, fecal score, gut permeability, energy status, and apparent total tract digestibility of weaning pigs.","authors":"Jannell A Torres, Madison J Mejia, Chan Ho Kwon, Eva S Safaie, Ellen Davis, Michaela P Metz, Young Dal Jang","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf109","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary medium-chain fatty acid (<b>MCFA</b>) levels on growth performance, fecal score, gut permeability, energy status, and apparent total tract digestibility (<b>ATTD</b>) of weaning pigs. At weaning, a total of 100 pigs [18.4 ± 1.8 d of age; initial body weight (<b>BW</b>) of 5.72 ± 1.4 kg] were allotted to 5 treatments in 5 replicates with 4 pigs per pen for a 35-d feeding trial. Treatments were dietary MCFA levels of 0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% for d 0 to 21 postweaning (Phase 1) replacing soybean oil and a common nursery diet was fed to all pigs for d 21 to 35 postweaning (Phase 2). With increasing dietary MCFA levels, quadratic increases were observed in BW (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05), average daily gain (<b>ADG</b>; <i>P</i> ≤ 0.05), and average daily feed intake (<b>ADFI</b>; <i>P</i> = 0.08, tendency) in d 0 to 14 postweaning, peaking at the 0.5% MCFA level. The BW from d 21 to 35 postweaning and ADG in d 0 to 21 and 21 to 35 postweaning increased linearly with increasing MCFA levels (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05), while linear and quadratic increases were observed in overall ADG (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05), with the greatest value observed at the 1.0% MCFA level. The ADFI increased linearly (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) with increasing MCFA levels in d 21 to 35 postweaning and overall period, while gain-to-feed ratio was not different in each phase and overall period. Fecal score was not affected in the overall period (<i>P</i> > 0.21). The ATTD of gross energy (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05), dry matter (<i>P</i> = 0.10, tendency) and crude protein (<i>P</i> = 0.07, tendency) increased linearly with increasing MCFA levels. At d 7 postweaning, plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels decreased linearly (<i>P</i> = 0.06, tendency) with increasing MCFA levels, while plasma free fatty acid levels showed a quadratic response (<i>P</i> = 0.06, tendency) with the lowest levels at the 0.5% MCFA level. Increasing MCFA levels decreased plasma diamine oxidase levels at d 7 postweaning (<i>P</i> = 0.06, tendency), while showing quadratic decreases in plasma d-lactate levels at d 7 (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) and 21 (<i>P</i> = 0.10, tendency) postweaning, with lower values observed at the 0.2% to 1.0% MCFA levels compared to the 0.0% MCFA level. In conclusion, increasing dietary MCFA levels up to 1.0% enhanced overall growth rate and feed intake, energy and protein digestibility in nursery pigs, improved energy status by lowering plasma β-hydroxybutyrate and free fatty acid levels, and reduced gut permeability in the early nursery period.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: The impact of hemoglobin concentration on farrowing duration in sows.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaf101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae158.].</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12342463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144837820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of increased standardized ileal digestible lysine through increased soybean meal during late gestation on sow lactation performance.","authors":"Abigail K Jenkins, Jason C Woodworth, Jordan T Gebhardt, Robert D Goodband, Mike D Tokach, Joel M DeRouchey","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf108","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A total of 87 sows (Line 241, DNA) and their offspring were used to evaluate the effects of increasing standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys in late gestation diets on lactating sow and litter performance. Sows were blocked by parity and body weight (BW) on day 90 of gestation and allotted to one of three treatments with 29 replications per treatment. Diets included increasing dietary SID Lys (0.60, 0.80, or 1.00%) accomplished by increasing soybean meal (14, 21, or 29% of the diet). Sows were allowed 2.04 kg/d of their treatment diet from day 90 of gestation until farrowing for average SID Lys intakes of 11.9, 15.8, or 19.9 g/d. After farrowing, sows had ad libitum access to a common lactation diet containing 1.10% SID Lys. Urine samples were collected on day 90 and 110 of gestation to determine urinary creatinine levels. Litters were cross-fostered within dietary treatment by 48 h after farrowing to equalize litter size. Parity group was included in the statistical model as a fixed effect with classifications of primiparous (n = 35) or multiparous (n = 52) sows. Weight gain from day 90 to 110 of gestation increased (linear, <i>P</i> < 0.001) as SID Lys increased. Change in urinary creatinine level from day 90 to 110 of gestation tended to decrease (linear, <i>P</i> = 0.063) as SID Lys increased suggesting that muscle catabolism decreased with increasing SID Lys. There were no differences in starting litter size or piglet birth weight with increasing SID Lys in late gestation. Piglet average daily gain (ADG) from day 2 to 10 of lactation increased (linear, <i>P </i>= 0.017) as SID Lys increased. From day 2 until weaning, litters from sows fed 15.8 g/d of SID Lys in gestation had the greatest (quadratic, <i>P</i> = 0.044) litter weight gain. Pre-weaning mortality from birth until day 2 of lactation was greatest for sows fed 15.8 g/d of SID Lys (quadratic, <i>P</i> = 0.025). There was a parity group × gestation diet interaction (<i>P</i> = 0.049) for pre-weaning mortality from day 2 to weaning where mortality increased as SID Lys increased in primiparous sows but decreased in multiparous sows. However, the differences in mortality did not influence the number of pigs weaned per treatment. In conclusion, increased SID Lys through increased soybean meal linearly increased late gestation sow BW gain and piglet ADG during early lactation. Litters from sows fed 15.8 g/d of SID Lys had the greatest litter ADG during late lactation and overall.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12342966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144837824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}