Translational Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"Effect of various levels of standardized ileal digestible branched-chain amino acids on lactating sow and litter performance.","authors":"Dalton C Humphrey, Keith D Haydon, Laura L Greiner","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae148","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three hundred and sixty sows were used to investigate the effect of various dietary branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) levels on sow lactation and piglet growth performance. On day 112 ± 1.4 of gestation, sows were blocked by the parity group (P1, P2, P3+) and randomly assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments containing various levels of standardized ileal digestible (SID) Leu, Ile, and Val. The experimental diets were formulated to the desired levels of BCAA by replacing cornstarch in a basal diet with l-leucine, l-isoleucine, and l-valine. Dietary BCAA levels relative to SID Lys were 114% or 180% for Leu, 56% or 64% for Ile, and 64% or 120% for Val. Diets were formulated to be isocaloric (3.23 Mcal ME/kg) and met or exceeded all other NRC (2012) essential amino acid and vitamin and mineral recommendations. Sow body weight (BW) and backfat thickness were measured at the time of entry into the farrowing room and at weaning. Piglet litter weights were recorded after cross-fostering and weaning to calculate the litter growth rate. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with fixed effects of dietary treatment and parity group and a random effect of lactation group. The models were fit using R (v4.4.1; R Core Team, 2024). The sow and her litter were the experimental unit, and results were considered significant if <i>P</i> < 0.05. On average, sows nursed their litters for 21.3 d (<i>P</i> = 0.998). The mean parity by treatment ranged from 3.8 to 3.9 (<i>P</i> = 0.999). After farrowing, the mean sow BW was 220 kg with a range between treatments of 216 to 222 kg (<i>P</i> = 0.523). On average, sows gained 2.3% of their BW (<i>P</i> = 0.740) with an average daily feed intake of 8.74 kg/d (<i>P</i> = 0.903). As expected, sow Leu, Ile, and Val intakes were different across treatments (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.001) and corresponded to the varying dietary levels of BCAA. Sows entered farrowing with an average backfat thickness of 11.50 mm (<i>P</i> = 0.919) and lost 6.5% backfat through lactation (<i>P</i> = 0.880). Sows started the trial with an average of 14.1 piglets/sow (<i>P</i> = 0.967) and weaned 12.7 piglets/sow (<i>P</i> = 0.995) with a piglet ADG of 0.22 kg/d (<i>P</i> = 0.280) and a daily litter growth rate of 2.90 kg/d (<i>P</i> = 0.547). In conclusion, there was no evidence of an effect of the various leucine, isoleucine, and valine levels evaluated in this study on lactating sow and piglet performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of methionine supplementation on receiving beef steers following a lipopolysaccharide challenge.","authors":"Samantha N Barker, Treylr C Jackson, Nicole C Burdick Sanchez, Jeffery A Carroll, Paul R Broadway, Kristin E Hales, Gary Ducharme, Jerrad F Legako, John T Richeson","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae147","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of methionine supplementation prior to and during a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on the performance and inflammatory biomarkers of receiving beef steers. Steers (<i>n</i> = 65; 295.8 ± 46.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups: L0 = Control, receiving no supplement; L1 = 10 g/hd/d rumen-protected methionine (MetaSmart, Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, GA); and L2 = 20 g/hd/d rumen-protected methionine and fed for 40 d at the West Texas A&M University Research Feedlot. On day 40, a subset of steers (<i>n</i> = 32; L0 = 10; L1 = 11; L2 = 11) were transported to the USDA Livestock Issues Research Unit, and on day 41 steers were weighed and fitted with indwelling rectal thermometers and jugular catheters. On day 42, steers were challenged i.v. with LPS (0.25 µg/kg BW). Blood samples were collected at -2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 h relative to the LPS administration at 0 h. Serum was isolated to determine serum chemistry and inflammatory marker concentrations. Whole blood was used for hematology analysis. There were no differences in DMI or ADG (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.75) during 35 d of supplementation. A treatment × time interaction (<i>P</i> = 0.01) occurred for rectal temperature, where L2 steers had the greatest temperature following the challenge (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) compared to L1 and L0 steers. There was a treatment × time interaction (<i>P</i> = 0.03) for the change in white blood cells where L0 steers had the greatest change compared to L1 and L2 steers at various timepoints. There was a treatment × time interaction (<i>P</i> = 0.02) for the change in tumor necrosis factor-α concentration, where there was a greater increase in concentration in L0 compared to L1 and L2 steers. Additionally, there was a treatment × time interaction (<i>P</i> < 0.01) for Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1β (MIP-1β) concentrations, where concentrations were greater in L0 compared with L1 and L2 steers from 2 to 4 h post-challenge. There was a treatment × time interaction for plasma total protein concentration (<i>P</i> < 0.01) where L0 steers had less plasma total protein compared with L1 and L2 steers, while L1 steers had less plasma total protein than L2 steers at -2 h prior to LPS challenge. These data suggest that methionine supplementation may have an immunomodulatory effect in beef steers that may improve response to pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of lactation feeder design on sow and litter performance, feeder cleaning criteria, and economic return.","authors":"Rafe Q Royall, Kyle F Coble, Karley R Stephens, Mike D Tokach, Jason C Woodworth, Joel M DeRouchey, Robert D Goodband, Jordan T Gebhardt, Jimmy Karl, Paul J Corns, Tag Bradley","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A total of 557 mixed parity sows (PIC 1050) were used to evaluate the effect of lactation feeder design on sow farrowing performance, litter growth performance, feeder cleaning criteria, and economics. The experiment was conducted during the summer of 2023 at a commercial sow farm located in northwest Texas. The study used two sequential farrowing groups with approximately 279 sows per group. On approximately days 112 to 114 of gestation, sows were moved to the farrowing house and randomly allotted to one of three feeder types based on parity and caliper score. Feeder types consisted of 1) a dry feeder with a nipple drinker located next to the feeder, 2) a wet-dry feeder with a divider to separate feed and water, or 3) a wet-dry feeder without a divider. The three feeder types were used in one of every three stalls with the same sequence from the front to the end of all rooms to balance for environmental effects. Sows were weighed before entering the farrowing house and at weaning. Sows were provided approximately 1.81 kg per day of a common lactation diet prefarrowing, and after farrowing, sows were provided ad libitum access to lactation feed. There was no evidence of a difference in sow weight at entry or weaning, overall BW change, caliper score at entry or weaning, total litter weight or individual pig weight at birth, total pigs born, or percentage of pigs born alive. However, sows fed with the dry lactation feeder had decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) total daily feed disappearance and average daily feed disappearance compared to either wet-dry feeder design. There was no evidence of difference for litter or pig weaning weight, or litter average daily gain. As a result, litter feed efficiency was improved (<i>P</i> < 0.05) for sows fed via the dry feeder compared to either wet-dry feeder. For feeder cleaning criteria, dry feeders had increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) washing time and washing cost compared to either wet-dry feeder design. In addition, sows fed via the dry feeder had decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) total lactation feed cost and feed cost per piglet weaned compared to either wet-dry feeder design. In summary, using the wet-dry feeder design in this study with or without a divider separating the feed from the water increased feed disappearance with no effects on sow and litter performance compared to dry feeders, thus worsening litter feed efficiency and increasing feed cost per sow and litter.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carcass cutting yields and meat quality of market gilts managed with immunological suppression of ovarian function and estrus.","authors":"Benjamin M Bohrer, Roy Edler, Lucina Galina Pantoja, Deborah Amodie, Martha A Mellencamp, Kimberly A Vonnahme","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of immunological suppression of ovarian function and estrus (Improvest®; Zoetis Inc.) on carcass cutting yields and meat quality. A total of 1,080 gilts were allocated by weight and assigned to pens of 27 pigs/pen. Pens were then randomly selected to be managed with or without immunological suppression of ovarian function and estrus (IMP vs. CON). Improvest was administered to each IMP gilt on days 7 and 67 of the study. Pigs were marketed on day 89 (<i>n</i> = 8 heaviest gilts per pen), 103 (<i>n</i> = 8 next heaviest gilts per pen), and 117 (remaining pigs/pen) of the study. The heaviest 47 to 50 carcasses for each treatment from each marketing group were selected for carcass cutting tests and evaluation of meat quality the day following slaughter (approximately 32-h postmortem). A smaller subset of 18 to 20 pork loins per treatment from each marketing group were selected for meat quality evaluation following 14 d of postmortem storage. Carcasses were fabricated according to institutional meat purchase specifications (IMPS) and meat quality analyses included pH and instrumental color at 32-h postmortem and purge loss, pH, instrumental color, intramuscular fat (IMF), cooking loss, and star probe following 14 d of postmortem storage. Live performance data were analyzed using the pen as the experimental unit, while carcass data were analyzed using the individual carcass as the experimental unit. During the post-second dose period (measured from days 70 to 85), IMP gilts consumed 10.8% more feed (<i>P</i> < 0.01) and grew 13.5% faster (<i>P</i> < 0.01) compared with CON gilts. Hot carcass weight (HCW), and the weights of many cuts, were significantly influenced by the interaction of Improvest management and marketing group. Therefore, the focus was directed toward primal weights and merchandized cut weights when expressed as a percentage of HCW. When expressed as a percentage of HCW, primal-cut yield and merchandized-cut yield calculations were not different (<i>P</i> = 0.33 and <i>P </i>= 0.65, respectively) between CON and IMP gilts. Meat quality traits did not differ (<i>P</i> > 0.05) between CON and IMP gilts, with the exception of instrumental <i>a*</i> at 32-h postmortem which was 0.32 units greater for CON gilts compared with IMP gilts. In summary, managing market gilts with immunological suppression of ovarian function and estrus improves the rate of weight gain through increased feed intake; however, carcass-cutting yields were not significantly changed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11497614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses in weanling pigs fed low protein diets supplemented with dietary nucleotides.","authors":"Abiola S Lawal, Tobi Z Ogunribido, Yuechi Fu, Olayiwola Adeola, Kolapo M Ajuwon","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence suggests that nucleotide supplementation in diets improves intestinal development, immune function, and cell growth. Stressful events such as weaning in pigs may increase nucleotide demand, making exogenous supplementation potentially beneficial. This study evaluated the effects of low-protein (<b>LP</b>) diets supplemented with dietary nucleotides on growth performance, postweaning diarrhea (<b>PWD</b>), nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites. A total of 210 piglets were weaned at 21 d of age, allowing a 3-d adaptation to a common nursery diet. At 24 d, pigs were reweighed (6.02 ± 0.05 kg) and allocated to 5 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design to give 7 replicates per treatment (<i>n</i> = 6 piglets per replicate). The 5 dietary treatments included (i) a high protein positive control diet (<b>PC</b>) with 24% crude protein (<b>CP</b>); (ii) a low protein negative control (<b>NC</b>) with 16% CP; (iii) an NC diet with nucleotide supplementation at 1 g/kg (<b>NC01</b>), 3 g/kg (<b>NC03</b>), or 9 g/kg (<b>NC09</b>). Diets were provided ad libitum for 35 d, and weekly feed intake (<b>FI</b>) and body weight (<b>BW</b>) were recorded. Blood samples were collected on day 32 and fecal samples were collected on days 33, 34, and 35 to determine serum metabolites and nutrient digestibility, respectively. Relative to PC, the NC diet had lower overall average daily gain (<b>ADG</b>) (343.5 vs. 305.5 g/d), incidence of PWD (2.5 vs. 1.2 diarrhea score), and blood urea nitrogen (<b>BUN</b>) (11.3 <i>vs.</i> 3.4 mg/dL); (<i>P</i> < 0.05, < 0.05, and < 0.0001, respectively). The nucleotide-supplemented diets, NC01, NC03, and NC09, had comparable (<i>P > </i>0.05) overall ADG to the PC and decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.0001) BUN. Additionally, NC09 had decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) incidence of PWD compared to PC. The apparent total tract digestibility (<b>ATTD</b>) of nitrogen increased linearly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) with nucleotide supplementation, although reducing CP decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) serum glutathione and insulin-like growth factor-1 (<b>IGF-1</b>) concentrations. However, IGF-1 concentration was linearly increased (<i>P </i>< 0.05) with nucleotide supplementation. Results suggest that feeding LP diets supplemented with dietary nucleotides after weaning can increase ATTD of nitrogen and protein utilization, reduce the incidence of PWD, and increase serum IGF-1 concentration while partially ameliorating the negative effects of LP diets on growth performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11497618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticotropin-releasing hormone and vasopressin challenge affects metabolic, hematologic, and rumen fermentation parameters of growing beef steers.","authors":"Meagan D Geeslin, John T Richeson, Jennifer A Hernandez Gifford, Sergio A Soto-Navarro, Nicole C Burdick Sanchez, Kendall L Samuelson","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of stress challenge duration on metabolic, hematologic, and rumen fermentation parameters of beef steers. Thirty steers (416 ± 19 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design with 2 blocks and 3 treatments. Treatments were intravenous injection of (1) saline at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h (<i>n</i> = 10; control); (2) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin (VP) at 0 h and saline at 24, 48, and 72 h (<i>n</i> = 10; acute); or (3) CRH and VP at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h (<i>n</i> = 10; chronic). Serum samples were collected at various time points for analysis of serum chemistry and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Whole blood was collected for analysis of complete blood count, and ruminal fluid was collected via oral lavage to evaluate volatile fatty acid (VFA) composition. Serum cortisol was greater (treatment × hour; <i>P</i> ≤ 0.01) for cattle receiving acute and chronic than control at 1 h (<i>P</i> < 0.01) and greater for chronic than acute and control at 25, 26, 49, 50, 73, and 74 h (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Similarly, there was a treatment × hour interaction (<i>P</i> < 0.01) for serum glucose concentrations such that cattle receiving acute and chronic had greater glucose at 1 h than control (<i>P</i> < 0.01), and cattle receiving chronic had greater glucose at 25, 49, 73, and 74 h than acute and control (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.04). Serum insulin concentrations were greater (treatment × hour <i>P</i> < 0.01) in chronic and acute than control at 1 h (<i>P </i>< 0.01) and greater for chronic compared to acute and control at 25, 49, and 73 h (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.01). Serum NEFA tended (<i>P</i> = 0.09) to be greater in stressed cattle compared to control. There was a treatment × hour interaction (<i>P</i> = 0.003) for total white blood cell count such that chronic had greater concentration than control at 72 h (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Conversely, monocyte concentration was less (treatment × hour interaction <i>P</i> < 0.01) for chronic than acute and control at 144 h (<i>P</i> < 0.01) and eosinophil concentration was greater (treatment × hour interaction <i>P</i> = 0.02) for chronic than control steers at 48 h (<i>P </i>= 0.02) and greater for chronic than acute at 72 and 144 h (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.03). Minimal differences were observed in VFA concentrations with the exception of acetate (treatment × hour interaction <i>P</i> = 0.05). These results demonstrate that administration of CRH and VP affects complete blood count and serum chemistry, and longer duration of treatment exposure prolongs the physiological responses to a stress challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SheepEye: a based-web app for real-time diagnosis of sheep anemia.","authors":"Luara A Freitas, Naila C da Rocha, Abner M P Barbosa, Joao R R Dorea, Claudia C P Paz, Guilherme J M Rosa","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae144","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Haemonchus contortus</i> is an extremely harmful blood-feeding nematode affecting small ruminants, leading to anemia, weight loss, and, in severe cases, animal death. Traditional methods of monitoring anemia in sheep, such as regular physical examinations by veterinarians and laboratory tests, can be expensive and time-consuming. In this work, we propose an anemia monitoring system that uses a web-based app. The methodology for the SheepEye app is based on deep learning algorithms, including the U-net model for segmentation and the VGG19 model for classification. All learning algorithms, as well as the development of the app, were implemented in Python. The SheepEye web-based app is a promising technology that can facilitate and improve the diagnosis of parasitic infections in sheep and enhance sheep productivity. By using the app, farmers can detect anemia in their flocks and implement target selective treatment, which reduces the use of anthelmintics and consequently minimizes the risk of parasitic resistance. The SheepEye app is still in a prototype stage, but its prospective is extremely promising and our goal is to further develop it so that it can be made available for producers to use.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methane emissions and rumen microbiome response during compensatory growth on either a forage or grain-based finishing diet in beef cattle.","authors":"Juan M Clariget, Georgget Banchero, Verónica Ciganda, Daniel Santander, Kate Keogh, Paul E Smith, Alan K Kelly, David A Kenny","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of the level of prior nutritional restriction during backgrounding in Angus steers on methane (CH₄) emissions, diet digestibility, rumen fermentation, and ruminal microbiome under either a forage or grain-based finishing diet. Eighty steers (body weight [BW]: 444 ± 39 kg, age: 18 ± 1 mo) were blocked and randomly assigned within the block to either an <b>optimal</b> (0.6 to 0.7 kg/d) or <b>suboptimal</b> (0.3 to 0.4 kg/d) growth rate to exploit compensatory growth (CG), during 97 d of backgrounding. Following, for 84 d, half of the steers in each group were finished on a <b>forage</b> diet while the other half were finished on a <b>grain</b>-based diet. During the backgrounding period, CH₄ emissions tended (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.07) to be higher; however, CH₄ intensity expressed by BW gain was 50% lower (<i>P</i> < 0.01) for optimal compared to suboptimal growth steers. BW gain, dry matter intake, diet digestibility, and ammonia nitrogen in the rumen were greater (<i>P</i> < 0.01) for optimal compared to suboptimal steers. During the finishing period, CH₄ emissions in either forage or grain finishing diets were similar (<i>P</i> > 0.05) for both backgrounding treatments. However, due to greater BW gain in suboptimal steers (1.20 vs. 0.97 kg/d), their CH₄ intensity-related coefficient decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) during the finishing period. Diet digestibility or any fermentation parameter was unaffected (<i>P</i> > 0.05) by previous backgrounding during the finishing period. In fact, rumen microbial abundance measured during finishing was not modified (<i>P</i> > 0.05) by previous backgrounding. Steers finished under grain conditions, had lower (<i>P</i> < 0.01) daily CH₄ emissions and CH₄ intensity. Additionally, grain-fed steers increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) BW gain, diet digestibility, propionic, lactic, and valeric acids, <i>Succinivibrionaceae</i> family and <i>Succiniclasticum</i>, <i>Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-002</i>, <i>Sharpea</i>, and <i>Megasphaera</i> bacteria genera, compared to forage-fed steers. In conclusion, ruminal microbiome and fermentation, diet digestibility, and CH₄ emissions were unaffected during finishing between prior levels of backgrounding growth. However, given the higher BW gain in suboptimal steers in both finishing diets, CH₄ intensity was reduced in comparison to the optimal backgrounded steers. Nevertheless, lifetime emissions of the steers need to be assessed with the different dietary regimens, since suboptimal steers reduced CH₄ emissions during the backgrounding period but, additional days of finishing were required to achieve the same BW as their contemporaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11497622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth performance and carcass characteristics of bulls fed tannins associated or not with monensin.","authors":"Kaique S Nascimento, Lorena Emily L M Bomfim, Victor R M Couto, Mauricia B Silva, Ana Laura A Lopes, Marcia H M R Fernandes, Marcelo Q Manella, Marcos V C Ferraz Junior, Juliano J R Fernandes","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tannin (a mix of hydrolyzable and condensed) and its association with monensin on feed efficiency, growth performance, and carcass of bulls fed high-grain diets with 14% and 13% crude protein (<b>CP</b>). Bulls (64 Nellore and 96 crossbred Angus × Nellore; initial body weight (<b>BW</b>) = 342 ± 25 kg; 20 ± 1 months) were allocated into 20 pens (8 from the same breed per pen). The treatments were T14 - 1.5 g of tannin/kg of dry matter (<b>DM</b>) (Bypro; Silva Team Brasil, Estância Velha, Brazil) in a diet with 14% of CP; M14 - 25 ppm monensin (Rumensin; Elanco Saúde Animal, São Paulo, Brazil) in a diet with 14% of CP; TM14 - 1.5 g of tannin/kg of DM and 25 ppm monensin in a diet with 14% of CP; TM13 - 1.5 g of tannin/kg of DM and 25 ppm monensin in a diet with 13% of CP. Data were analyzed using a randomized block design with pens as experimental units. Supplementation with tannin resulted in greater final BW, average daily gain (<b>ADG</b>), and dry matter intake (<b>DMI</b>) compared with Monensin (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The association between Tannin and Monensin decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) DMI without affecting growth performance, consequently improving the gain-to-feed ratio compared to the Tannin-alone treatment. When Tannin was combined with Monensin, there was an increase (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in net energy for gain and net energy for maintenance compared with Tannin supplementation alone. Bulls supplemented with Tannin in their diet exhibited greater (<i>P</i> < 0.05) hot carcass weight, carcass gain, and gluteus medius area compared with those supplemented with Monensin alone. Final BW, ADG, and DMI were lower (<i>P</i> < 0.05) when the CP content of the diet was decreased from 14% to 13%. The optimal combination for achieving maximum growth and feed efficiency was observed when bulls were fed with tannin and monensin combined in a diet containing 14% CP.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adapting lipidomic sample processing methods for boars housed in commercial settings.","authors":"Kayla M Mills, Amanda M Minton, Christina R Ferreira","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) profiling is a sensitive method of lipid screening that has the capability to distinguish between different fertility phenotypes in gilts. However, MRM profiling has not yet been utilized to evaluate fertility phenotypes in boars. Markers indicative of fertility status in boars would be valuable as inclusion of subfertile boars in breeding programs results in a loss of efficiency and negative economic consequences. In addition, semen samples for lipidomic analysis are transported in liquid nitrogen or on dry ice to suspend metabolic activity within the sperm cells, however, these cryopreservation techniques are not commonly available at commercial boar studs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a method of sample processing for MRM profiling that suspends metabolic activity within semen without freezing the sample. Five, sexually mature boars of similar genetics enrolled in a commercial breeding program were collected for the study. Following collection, ejaculates were aliquoted into methanol to suspend metabolic activity and shipped to Purdue University overnight for lipid extraction. Lipids were extracted using the Bligh and Dyer method and MRM profiling was used for lipid screening. A total of 329 ion transitions (MRMs) related to lipids were detected with most lipids being characterized as plasma membrane lipids (74%) which were comprised of phosphatidylcholines (40%), ceramides (16%), phosphatidylethanolamines (11%), and phosphatidylserines (7%). acylcarnitines (AC) represented approximately 8% of the ejaculate lipidome. Hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis revealed that boars have a distinct ejaculate lipidome profile based on major plasma membrane lipid classes. In addition, we observed that one boar was unique in his abundance of AC which are related to progressive motility and sperm cell metabolism. These results indicate that this method of sample processing for MRM profiling is suitable to be used to evaluate the lipidome of ejaculates from commercial boars and has the potential for broader applications across different livestock species in commercial environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}