Translational Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"Using Tennessee youth hippology contest results as a needs assessment for 4-H horse project members and development of a train-the-trainer program for Tennessee extension agents.","authors":"Sawyer C Main, Jennie L Z Ivey, Lewrell G Strickland, Justin D Rhinehart, Xiaocun Sun","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaf068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Land-Grant Institutions and Cooperative Extension Services seek to disseminate information to the public; however, Extension agents differ in areas of expertise, leaving some counties with minimal ability to provide 4-H horse project members with sufficient content knowledge while agents in other counties are more well versed in equine-specific areas. Results from the 2021 and 2023 Tennessee regional and 2022 Eastern National 4-H Hippology contests were used to determine areas of knowledge deficiency. Nutrition, tack, selection, health, and breeds were categories identified as areas in which 4^th-12^th grade youth lacked adequate knowledge and a training program and new curriculum was developed and delivered to county extension agents in effort to greater their equine knowledge and teaching strategies to disseminate this information to their 4-H Horse Project members and hippology teams. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS v9.4 (Cary, NC). Nutrition questions were most often missed by senior and junior high youth (k = 7.8, 51.94%; k = 7.5, 44.22%) whereas junior youth missed training questions most frequently (k = 4.9, 54.14%). Of the 5 topic areas of deficiency, selection questions were the lowest percentage missed by senior and junior high youth (k = 5.9, 36.81%; k = 7.1, 39.53%) whereas junior youth missed health questions least frequently (k = 4, 39.87%). It was found that training status had no significant effect on scores from year to year. However, significant effects were found when comparing across question category (<i>P</i> < 0.0001), age group (<i>P</i> < 0.0001), and year (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). Despite the lack of training effect, these findings still prove valuable when assessing performance upholding the extension mission of delivering science-based information to the next generation of industry professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf068"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of coating on recovery of <i>Escherichia coli</i>-derived phytase under different steam pelleting conditions.","authors":"Yuming Wang, Hu Zhang, Ning Cao, Bingqian Qi, Feng Zhao, Jingjing Xie","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaf035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of coating on the recovery rate (<b>RR</b>) of phytase activity during the steam conditioning-pelleting (<b>SCP</b>) process. A split-plot design was employed, with phytases assigned to the main plot and two conditioning temperatures (75 or 85 °C) assigned to the subplot. The whole plot was repeated four times. In Exp. 1, six phytases were analyzed, including an uncoated phytase (<b>NP</b>) NP1 (NP1), two coated phytases (<b>CP</b>) CP1 and CP2 derived from NP1, and three commercial phytases (<b>MP)</b> MP1-MP3. In Exp. 2, coating technology was refined based on the results of Exp. 1, and nine phytases were analyzed, including an NP2, five coated phytases CP3-CP7 derived from NP2, and three commercial phytases MP4-MP6. Phytase activity after the steam-conditioning, pelleting, and cooling process was analyzed, and the RR of phytase activity was calculated for each process. In Exp. 1, significant interactions between phytase and conditioning temperature on the RR of phytase activity were observed (<i>P </i>< 0.05). The RR of CP1 and CP2 did not differ from that of NP1. Commercial phytase MP3 exhibited a lower RR than the other four phytases when conditioned at 75 °C (<i>P </i>< 0.05). Except for MP3, the RR of phytases decreased as the conditioning temperature increased (<i>P </i>< 0.05). In Exp. 2, the RR of phytase decreased as the conditioning temperature increased from 75 to 85 °C (<i>P </i>< 0.05). Compared with NP2, the RR increased, and the loss rate of activity for all five coated phytase (CP3-CP7) decreased after the conditioning process (<i>P </i>< 0.05). Commercial phytase MP4 and MP6 had comparable RR to NP2, while MP5 exhibited a comparable RR to CP3-CP7. In conclusion, the coating technology used in Exp. 1 did not increase the RR of phytase during the pelleting process, whereas the improved coating process employed in Exp. 2 effectively increased the thermostability of phytase.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf035"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in colostrum management and transfer of passive immunity between purebred dairy and dairy × beef crossbred calves in Indiana and Michigan.","authors":"Jessica Kern, Matt W Jorgensen, Jacquelyn P Boerman, Marisa Erasmus, Jay S Johnson, Jessica A Pempek","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf062","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of beef genetics in dairy herds is becoming increasingly popular due to higher value for dairy × beef crossbred compared to purebred dairy calves. While previous research has documented higher-quality neonatal care for female compared to male dairy calves, few studies have investigated colostrum management between purebred dairy and dairy × beef crossbred calves. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to 1) compare transfer of passive immunity <b>(TPI)</b> between purebred dairy and dairy × beef crossbred calves and 2) investigate colostrum management practices associated with TPI on farms rearing both calf breeds. A blood sample was collected from the jugular vein of 12 purebred dairy and 12 dairy × beef crossbred calves (1 to 7 d of age) across 15 dairy farms to measure serum total protein <b>(STP)</b> concentration using serum refractometry. Sex, age, and breed were recorded for each calf. A 29-question survey was also administered to dairy farm managers that included questions on colostrum management, calf sale, and farm demographics. Descriptive statistics were computed for survey-based questions, and mixed effects ordinal regression models were created to evaluate factors at the calf and farm-level that were associated with TPI, categorized according to Lombard et al. (2020). Consensus recommendations on calf- and herd-level passive immunity in dairy calves in the United States. J. Dairy Sci. 103:7611-7624. doi:https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-17955) as excellent TPI (STP ≥ 6.2 g/dL), good TPI (STP 5.8 to 6.1 g/dL), fair TPI (STP 5.1 to 5.7 g/dL), and poor TPI (STP < 5.1 g/dL). All farms reported similar colostrum management practices between purebred dairy and dairy × beef crossbred calves. Most farms (60%, 9/15) fed 2 colostrum feedings, 33% (5/15) of farms fed 1 colostrum feeding, and 7% (1/15) fed 3 or more colostrum feedings. Serum total protein concentration ranged from 3.2 to 8.0 g/dL, and the distribution of calves within each TPI category was: 20.8% (74/355) excellent, 25.4% (90/355) good, 26.5% (94/355) fair, and 27.3% (97/355) poor. There was no evidence to suggest differences in TPI between breeds. The reported timing of the first colostrum feeding influenced TPI; calves born on farms that reported feeding colostrum within 1 h after birth had reduced odds of being within a lower TPI category (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.77; <i>P</i> = 0.002). The results of this study indicate that colostrum management practices and TPI did not differ between purebred dairy and dairy × beef crossbred calves. Future research should continue to explore strategies to improve TPI for dairy calves regardless of breed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf062"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary inorganic and organic iron sources on maternal and piglet iron status across one complete reproductive cycle in highly prolific sows.","authors":"Katlyn A McClellan, Abigail L Morse, Yanbin Shen, Joe Crenshaw, Joshua Jendza, Eric M Weaver","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaf080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄) is commonly used in swine diets, yet sow anemia remains prevalent, prompting the need to evaluate alternative iron sources. This study evaluated polysaccharide complexed iron (PC-Fe; non-heme organic iron source) and spray-dried bovine blood cells (HEME-Fe; heme-organic iron source) as alternatives to FeSO₄ (CON-Fe; inorganic iron source) on sow and offspring iron status. At 2 ± 1 d of gestation, 44 female pigs were allocated by parity (0 to 4), body weight, and initial blood hemoglobin (Hb) to one of three dietary iron treatments: a control group (CON-Fe) receiving 125 mg/kg of iron from FeSO₄ monohydrate (n = 15), a non-heme organic iron group (PC-Fe) receiving 125 mg/kg iron from a polysaccharide-complexed iron source (n = 15), and a heme iron group (HEME-Fe) receiving equal amounts of Fe from FeSO₄ and organic heme iron from spray-dried red blood cells (RBCs) (n = 14). Sows were fed their assigned diets until weaning, meeting or exceeding the estimated nutrient requirements for gilts during both gestation and lactation. Sow blood was collected on days 0, 30 ± 2, 60 ± 2, 90 ± 2, and 110 ± 2 of gestation, and at weaning (day 18 ± 3 of lactation). In piglets, Hb was measured within 12 hours after birth and at weaning (day 18 ± 3) using a point-of-care analyzer (HemoCue 201+). Additionally, four piglets per litter were sampled at birth and two at weaning for serum analyses via jugular puncture. Sow and piglet serum samples were analyzed for serum iron (SI), ferritin (SF), and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). Sow whole blood was also analyzed for hematological parameters including white blood cells, RBC, Hb, packed cell volume, and platelet counts. On day 90 of gestation, sows supplemented with HEME-Fe had higher Hb concentrations (12.1 g/dL) compared to those receiving CON-Fe (10.9 g/dL) and PC-Fe (10.8 g/dL) (<i>P</i> = 0.001). On day 30, PC-Fe sows had higher SF concentrations (21.4 ng/mL) than CON-Fe sows (10.4 ng/mL; <i>P</i> = 0.027), with HEME-Fe sows showing intermediate values (15.4 ng/mL). The PC-Fe sows also tended to have lower TIBC (576.7 µg/dL) than CON-Fe sows (613.1 µg/dL; <i>P</i> = 0.059), with HEME-Fe again being intermediate (600.4 µg/dL). Piglet anemia at birth (Hb < 10 g/dL) was lowest in PC-Fe (29%), followed by HEME-Fe (42%), both lower than CON-Fe (75%) (<i>P</i> < 0.001). PC-Fe improved early maternal iron storage, while HEME-Fe supported late gestational Hb, both enhancing neonatal iron status compared to FeSO₄.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf080"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breeding Bulls in Alberta: a cross-sectional descriptive survey of breeding bull herds and current management strategies.","authors":"Thomas Daborn, Edmond A Pajor, Jennifer M Pearson","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaf082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, there is very little known about bull demographics and how bulls are managed on cow-calf operations in Alberta. Identifying these knowledge gaps will provide valuable insights on producer practices and potentially influence future management protocols that will improve bull management and the productivity of cow-calf operations. The objectives of this study were to benchmark beef bull herd demographics and bull management strategies in Alberta, Canada and to investigate associations between herd demographics and management strategies. Cow-calf producers were surveyed between February and August 2022 by paper or electronic copies of the survey. Fifty-two of 72 respondents were enrolled. Forty-two percent of the respondents were seedstock producers. The median female herd size exposed for breeding was 160 cows (IQR: 57 to 275; range: 14 to 1600) as reported by 43 respondents. The most common breed of bull used was Angus, followed by Hereford. The median number of bulls kept was 9, (IQR: 4 to 15; range: 1 to 71). Roughly 1 in 6 bulls were culled with the majority of bulls being culled or treated for conditions due to musculoskeletal or infectious foot causes. The median bull:cow ratio was 1:21 (IQR: 1:11 to 1:25) for heifers and 1:23 (IQR 1:20 to 1:26) for cows. The top 3 selection considerations for replacement bulls for breeding heifers was bull birthweight, bull EPD for calving ease, and physical appearance. The selection criteria for cows were bull adjusted weaning weight, physical appearance, and foot and leg conformation. This study contributes novel information on the breeding bull demographics and management strategies of cow-calf producers in Alberta. In addition, it identifies musculoskeletal issues as the major causes of treatment, death, and culling in bulls and recommends further investigation into causes and management strategies to mitigate these issues and improve bull health and welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf082"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementation of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> fermentation product to beef cows grazing fescue-based pastures and its impact on reproductive performance.","authors":"Vitor R G Mercadante, Jamie L Stewart, Sherrie G Clark, Tracey Redifer, Craig R Belknap, John F Currin","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaf063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to evaluate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) supplementation during the breeding season on reproductive performance of beef cows grazing fescue-dominated pastures (Festuca arundinacea). A total of 883 multiparous suckled beef cows across eight locations were stratified by age and days postpartum (DPP) and randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) CON-mineral supplementation at 90 g/hd/d (n = 439 cows; 13 experimental units), or 2) SCFP-mineral with 9 g SCFP (NaturSafe, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA; n = 444 cows; 13 experimental units). Supplementation began 21 d pre-breeding and continued through the breeding season (approx. 171 d). Cows grazed tall-fescue pastures and followed a fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) protocol (7-d CO-Synch + CIDR) with natural service and clean-up bulls for a 70-d breeding season. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed by ultrasonography at 55 d post-TAI and 40 d after the breeding season. Cow body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were recorded at TAI (day 0) and weaning (day 150). Mineral disappearance was measured weekly. Data were analyzed using GLIMMIX for binomial data and MIXED for continuous data. Cow age and DPP did not differ (<i>P</i> > 0.10) between treatments (6.0 ± 1.0 yr and 79.7 ± 2.6 d, respectively). Mineral disappearance was similar (<i>P</i> = 0.97) between treatments (99.2 and 99.8 ± 8.76 g/hd/d for CON and SCFP, respectively). No differences were observed (<i>P</i> > 0.10) in BW and BCS between treatments on days 0 and 150. SCFP supplementation did not affect estrus expression (63.2% vs 63.7% ± 2.6% for CON and SCFP, respectively; <i>P</i> = 0.91), but TAI pregnancy rates were higher (<i>P</i> = 0.025) in SCFP (65.9% ± 2.5%) compared to CON (57.9% ± 2.5%). Final pregnancy rates tended to be higher (<i>P</i> = 0.057) for SCFP (92.9% ± 1.4%) vs CON (89.0% ± 1.4%), with no effect on calf performance (<i>P</i> > 0.10). In conclusion, SCFP supplementation during the breeding season did not influence BW or BCS but improved TAI pregnancy rates in beef cows grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf063"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creep-grazing fall-born calves on winter annual forages.","authors":"Gabriel J Pent, William S Swecker, Benjamin F Tracy","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaf075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Providing calves with access to high-quality forage through creep grazing prior to weaning may help improve calf productivity. In this study of fall-calving herds, the productivity of a rotationally stocked forage system with 10% of the pasture area rotated between winter forages for creep grazing and summer forages (CRP) was compared to the productivity of rotationally (ROT) and continuously (CON) stocked, perennial forage systems. Calves in CRP were provided access to the creep forage 6 to 26 d before weaning and through a 2-wk weaning process. Creep forage nutritive value declined over sampling period. Cows in CON had lower (P = 0.02) hay requirements than cows in CRP. Cow body condition score (BCS) prior to the creep grazing period was greater for CON cows than cows in other systems (P ≤ 0.001). Spring calf body weight (BW) was lowest in ROT compared to calf BW in the other systems (P ≤ 0.008). Calf BW following a 2-wk weaning process was greater (P ≤ 0.002) for CON and CRP calves (246 ± 4 kg) than for ROT calves (226 ± 5 kg), with no difference in calf BW at weaning (P = 1.0) between CON and CRP. Calf average daily gain (ADG; 0.92 ± 0.04 kg day^-1) from spring pregnancy checks through weaning did not differ between treatments (P ≥ 0.41). While creep grazing systems with cool-season annual forages increased fall-born calf weaning weights compared to rotationally stocked, perennial forage systems, the creep grazing systems required greater hay inputs without weaning weight improvements compared to continuously stocked, perennial forage systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf075"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meeting the estimated daily optimal standardized ileal digestible lysine-to-net energy ratios for first and second parity lactating sows improved piglet growth rates.","authors":"Nicole L Gregory, Lee-Anne Huber","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf070","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One hundred three sows (52 first parity and 51 second parity) were used to evaluate the effect of meeting estimated daily optimal standardized ileal digestible (<b>SID</b>) Lys-to-net energy (<b>NE</b>) ratios throughout a 21-day lactation on piglet growth performance and sow body mobilization. A 2 × 2 factorial experimental design with the variables of parity and feeding program was used (n = 25 or 26). First and second parity sows were fed either a static feeding curve providing 3.9 g SID Lys/Mcal NE throughout the entirety of lactation (<b>CON</b>) or a dynamic feeding program that met estimated daily optimal SID Lys-to-NE ratios during lactation for maternal nitrogen retention (first parity sows; ranging from 5.48 to 4.95 g SID Lys/Mcal NE on days 1 and 20, respectively) or milk nitrogen output (second parity sows; ranging from 3.12 to 4.68 g SID Lys/Mcal NE on days 1 and 20, respectively; <b>PRE</b>). Weekly optimal SID Lys-to-NE ratios were determined for lactating primiparous and multiparous sows in previous studies, whereby only maternal nitrogen retention and only milk nitrogen output were influenced by SID Lys-to-NE ratio for primiparous and multiparous sows, respectively. Performance outcomes were not influenced by the interactive effect of feeding program and parity. Average daily feed intake did not differ between the CON and PRE feeding program, while second parity sows consumed more feed than first parity sows (Parity; <i>P</i> < 0.05). No differences were observed for maternal BW loss between the CON and PRE feeding programs, while second parity sows lost less BW than first parity sows (Parity; <i>P</i> < 0.05). Sows on the PRE feeding program tended to lose less backfat depth (<b>BF</b>) than sows on the CON program, regardless of parity (Feeding program; <i>P</i> = 0.094) and second parity sows lost less BF than first parity sows, regardless of feeding program (Parity; <i>P</i> < 0.05). Overall piglet average daily gain (<b>ADG</b>; 256 vs 246 ± 6 g) and piglet BW at weaning (6.45 vs 6.19 ± 0.17 kg) were greater for sows that received the PRE compared to the CON feeding program, regardless of parity (Feeding program; <i>P</i> < 0.05), with second parity sows having greater piglet BW and ADG than first parity sows, regardless of feeding program (Parity; <i>P</i> < 0.05). Therefore, providing a dynamic feeding program to meet estimated daily optimal SID Lys-to-NE ratios during lactation improved piglet growth performance without increasing maternal body weight losses in first and second parity sows.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf070"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12167701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary vitamin E: effect on oxidative stress, maze learning performance, and anxiety behaviors in rats.","authors":"Cayla J Iske, Anna K Johnson, Kelly L Kappen, Roni M Deever, Cheryl L Morris","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf049","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brain is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress (OS) and damage to membranes is associated with learning and memory decline, impacting animal welfare. Vitamin E is an antioxidant which crosses the blood-brain barrier. Our objectives were to assess the impact of dietary vitamin E concentrations (20, 90, and 400-ppm) on markers of OS, maze learning performance (MLP), and anxious behaviors in 3-wk old Long-Evans rats. Vitamin E concentrations, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]), and oxidative protein damage (protein carbonyls [PC]) were measured in plasma or serum. Lipid damage (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) was measured in serum and hippocampus. Anxious behaviors, including freezing and grooming, and MLP were assessed in an eight-arm radial maze over 5 weeks. Activity of SOD was lower (<i>P</i> = 0.002), and PC concentrations were higher (<i>P</i> = 0.022) in the 400-ppm group (1.0 U/mL; 0.7 nmol/mg) compared to the 20 (2.9 U/mL; 0.5 nmol/mg) and 90 (1.7 U/mL; 0.5 nmol/mg). Plasma vitamin E increased (<i>P</i> < 0.050) with dietary treatment and SOD decreased as plasma vitamin E increased (R² = 0.46; <i>P</i> = 0.002) but PC (R² = 0.16; <i>P</i> = 0.090) concentrations tended to increase with plasma vitamin E. Dietary treatment did not impact (<i>P</i> > 0.050) maze learning performance. Rats fed 20 ppm vitamin E exhibited greater freezing frequency and duration (<i>P</i> < 0.001) compared to other treatment groups, indicating heightened anxiety. The 400-ppm group exhibited lowest grooming frequency and duration (<i>P</i> < 0.001), possibly indicating less anxiousness. Working memory errors increased with serum TBARS concentrations (R² = 0.26; <i>P</i> = 0.033). In conclusion, higher dietary vitamin E concentrations reduced anxious behaviors, but did not alter MLP and was correlated with increased OS. These results suggest high concentrations of dietary vitamin E are not beneficial for rat welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf049"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of a novel bovine respiratory disease prediction technology and an automated animal disease detection technology to traditional methods in a U.S. feedlot.","authors":"Brian S Schupbach, Michael S Davis, Tracy D Jennings, Andrea L Dixon, David G Renter, Jason S Nickell","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf067","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objectives of this study were to evaluate feedlot cattle health and performance among three different bovine respiratory disease (BRD) control programs and two different disease detection modalities (i.e., a 3 × 2 factorial design). The BRD control treatments consisted of 1) Negative control, 2) Positive control (Tildipirosin to 100% of the group), and 3) Targeted BRD control program (TBCP) based on individualized risk prediction generated by a novel technology ([Whisper On Arrival; Merck Animal Health] ± Tildipirosin based on a proprietary algorithm). The disease detection treatments consisted of 1) cattle monitored exclusively by a novel animal disease detection (ADD) technology (SenseHub Feedlot; Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and its affiliates), or 2) cattle monitored by traditional pen-riding (PR) methods. Auction market-derived beef calves were procured by traditional means, transported to a single site, and randomly allocated to one of six treatment groups within each block. The study population was followed to closeout (224 d). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized block design within a 3 × 2 factorial treatment format. No interactions (<i>P</i> values > 0.05) between BRD control practices or disease detection methods were observed in this study. Across the BRD control treatments, the TBCP reduced BRD control antimicrobial use by 25% compared to the positive control. However, the positive control displayed improvement (<i>P</i> values ≤ 0.05) in BRD morbidity, overall removals, and overall mortality at the time of closeout compared to the negative control and the TBCP. Regarding disease detection, compared to cattle monitored by PR methods, cattle monitored by the ADD technology displayed a reduction (<i>P</i> values ≤ 0.05) in days to first BRD treatment, pen-deads, and overall removals. Cattle monitored by ADD technology displayed an increase (<i>P </i>= 0.06) in net financial value of $29.50/head compared to cattle monitored by PR methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf067"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12161071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}