Translational Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of orally administered <i>Megasphaera elsdenii</i> in steer calves abruptly transitioned from a receiving diet with 4% dietary starch to a growing diet with 38% dietary starch.","authors":"Forest L Francis, Warren C Rusche, Zachary K Smith","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae113","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of orally administered <i>Megasphaera elsdenii</i> NCIMB 41125 as a microbial supplement in steers abruptly transitioned from a receiving diet with 4% dietary starch (dry matter [DM] basis) to a growing diet with 38% dietary starch (DM basis). Steers (<i>n</i> = 192; initial shrunk body weight [SBW] = 309 ± 20.6 kg) were assigned to microbial supplement treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were control (CON): no microbial supplement prior to diet transition, and (DFM): microbial supplement orally administered prior to diet transition (20 mL of microbial supplement [Lactipro NXT, Axiota Animal Health, Fort Collins, CO] containing 1 × 10¹⁰ colony forming units <i>Megasphaera elsdenii</i> NCIMB 41125). Steers were sourced from a previously conducted 49 d feedlot receiving period experiment and abruptly transitioned from a receiving diet including soybean hulls and wheatlage containing 4% dietary starch (DM basis) to a growing diet including high-moisture ear corn, dry-rolled corn, and wheatlage containing 38% dietary starch (DM basis). Diets were switched on an equal DM intake basis to achieve the abrupt change and steers were fed the 38% starch diet for 49 d until experiment completion. Prior to experiment initiation, steers (<i>n</i> = 72; <i>n</i> = 3/pen) were fitted with wireless rumination tags to track daily activity and rumination time. No differences (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.20) were observed between treatments for final SBW, average daily gain, DM intake, feed efficiency, calculated net energy (NE) for maintenance and gain, or observed-to-expected ratio of NE for maintenance and gain. Additionally, no treatment × day or treatment differences (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.12) were observed for activity or rumination measures. Minutes ruminating and active both differed (<i>P</i> < 0.01) for the main effect of day. Compared to non-supplemented steers, oral administration of <i>Megasphaera elsdenii</i> NCIMB 41125 did not improve growth performance or efficiency of dietary NE utilization in steers transitioned from a receiving diet containing 4% starch (DM basis) to a growing diet containing 38% starch (DM basis).</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11322673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of increasing dietary standardized ileal digestible arginine to lysine ratio from 0.85 to 1.15 and water-based arginine supplementation on growth performance and gut integrity of weaned pigs.","authors":"Chloe Hagen, Dalton Humphrey, Caitlyn Wileman, Keith Haydon, Laura Greiner","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae102","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this experiment was to assess the influence of arginine (Arg) supplementation in water and/or feed on the growth performance and gastrointestinal health of newly weaned pigs. Two hundred and forty pigs (5.06 kg; PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were randomly allocated into 80 mixed-sex pens (3 pigs/pen) and subjected to a 2 × 4 factorial design. Two levels of Arg were supplemented in water (0% or 8% stock, dosed through a 1:128 proportioner) for the first phase (days 0 to 7), and four dietary arginine levels (0.85, 0.95, 1.05, and 1.15) standardized ileal digestible (SID) Arg to Lysine (Lys) ratios for the first two phases (days 0 to 7 and 7 to 21). All treatments were provided a common diet (0.96 SID Arg:Lys) for the last phase days 21 to 42. One pig per pen underwent a dual sugar absorption test of lactulose at 500 mg/kg and mannitol at 50 mg/kg of body weight (BW) via gastric tube on days 7 and 21 postweaning, with blood plasma collected 4 h later. The pig tested on day 7 was subsequently euthanized for intestinal tissue collection. Pen growth performance and feed disappearance were evaluated for 3 phases: days 0 to 7, 7 to 21, and 21 to 42 postweaning. The statistical analysis used linear models to examine the effects of SID Arg:Lys in the feed, Arg level in water, and their interactions, with pen as the experimental unit. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test the linear and quadratic effects of increasing SID Arg:Lys in the diet. Growth performance during the first period exhibited variability, reflected by negative gain-to-feed (G:F) ratios, caused by the enteric health challenge. Consequently, data were analyzed separately for each phase. Increasing dietary SID Arg:Lys caused a linear improvement (<i>P</i> = 0.04) in final BW (18.47 and 21.90 kg, for 0.85 and 1.15 SID Arg:Lys, respectively). A trend (<i>P</i> = 0.09) suggested a linear impact of dietary SID Arg:Lys on average daily gain during days 21 to 42. Arg supplementation, whether administered through water or diet, did not affect lactulose and mannitol absorption on both days 7 and 21, nor did it alter histological measurements in the collected ileum tissues on day 7 postweaning. In conclusion, increasing dietary SID Arg:Lys increased final BW but had no clear impacts on intestinal health within the parameters measured, potentially impacted by the rotavirus diagnosis in the first week post-wean.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11258900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging within the undergraduate student population within the Department of Animal Science at Iowa State University.","authors":"Kelsi A Carlson, Jennifer M Bundy, Michael J Martin, Scott W Smalley, Anna K Johnson","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae100","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iowa State University (ISU) provides resources for diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEI-B) to provide students with a comfortable academic home regardless of their demographics or prior experiences. The objective of this study was to investigate undergraduate students' DEI-B perspectives in the Department of Animal Science at ISU. One survey instrument was developed containing 14 questions that covered demographics, feelings of inclusion, comfort-seeking tools, and ways to improve DEI-B. Answer choices were either multiple choice, 1 to 5 sliding scale, or a specified text sliding scale. Eligible participants were undergraduate students enrolled in Animal or Dairy Science (<i>n</i> = 974). Demographics and comfort-seeking tools will be presented descriptively. Inclusion at the start and after 2 yr were compared using six different linear models. A variable was deemed significant if the <i>P</i>-value was ≤ 0.05. A total of 383 students (88% of total respondents) completed 50% or more of the inclusion questions. Seniors had the highest response rate. More students reported coming from a rural background. Primary species of interest was companion animals. There were no observed differences in feelings of inclusion in classes, with peers, or with faculty for hometown, admission type, ethnic group, and first generation when students started (<i>P </i>≥ 0.067). There was a difference for primary species of interest (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.011) and with female students feeling less included (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.039). There were no observed differences after 2 yr in classes, with peers, or with faculty for classification year, admission type, or first generation (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.088). Suburban students felt the least included in classes compared to rural and urban students (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.036). Female students felt less included in all three categories (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.017). The majority of students reported having companion animal experience but almost half reported having no experience with livestock prior to ISU. A total of 51% of students said they never considered transferring to another major and 48% indicated that they plan to pursue a career in veterinary medicine. A total of 75% of students felt inclusion could be improved by creating more hands-on opportunities and 60% suggested the department provide more study space. In conclusion, the Department of Animal Science at ISU has some effective inclusion practices but needs to evolve and improve in its DEI-B practices for the undergraduate student population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11282358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementation with live <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii</i> during the initial 42 days of the feedlot phase in Nellore beef cattle.","authors":"Lorena E de L M Bomfim, Kaique de S Nascimento, Alana M de M Calaça, Luan de O M Silva, Emmanuel Arnhold, Victor R M Couto, Yasmin M Barreto, Lucas J Mari, Mateus C Santos, Gauthier Marine, Eric Chevaux, Juliano J de R Fernandes","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae097","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess the effect of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii</i> CNCM I-1079 supplementation during the initial feeding period on the performance of Nellore bulls in a feedlot system. One hundred ninety-eight Nellore bulls were used in a completely randomized block design, with blocking based on weight within each treatment group: light (331.4 kg; 4 pens), medium (349.7 kg; 4 pens), and heavy (362.5 kg; 3 pens). The treatments included CON-a basal diet, and SCB-basal diet plus a probiotic (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii</i> CNCM I-1079; 1.0 × 10¹⁰ CFU/head/d). Experimental diets were administered for the first 42 d (21 d in the step-up phase and 21 d in the finishing diet -870 g concentrate/kg dry matter [<b>DM</b>]). Subsequently, both treatment groups were transitioned to the same basal diet for an additional 76 d, completing 118 d on feed. Linear regression analysis was conducted for dry matter intake (<b>DMI</b>) data. During the initial 42 d, DMI tended to be higher for SCB (<i>P</i> = 0.09); also bulls fed SCB reached the plateau of the curve at 9.17 kg DMI/d earlier (39 d, R² = 0.97) than those fed CON (43 d; R² = 0.96) diets. For the first 42 d, the SCB treatment exhibited higher final weight (393.0 vs. 401.4 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.02), total gain (49.3 vs. 53.5 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.02), daily weight gain (1.124 vs. 1.274 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.02), and G:F (0.174 vs. 0.188, <i>P</i> = 0.04). Over the entire 118-d period, SCB-fed bulls had greater final body weight (509.5 vs. 518.0 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.02), total body weight gain (163.7 vs. 170.3 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.01), and average daily gain (1.366 vs. 1.420 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.01). The feed efficiency of SCB-supplemented bulls was 8.05% higher than CON (<i>P</i> = 0.04), and the final carcass weight was 1.69% greater for animals fed SCB (283.8 vs. 288.6 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.04). Total carcass weight gain (110.9 vs. 114.7 kg) and daily carcass weight gain (0.924 vs. 0.956 kg) tended (<i>P</i> = 0.06) to increase by 3.46% in SCB-fed animals compared with those fed CON. Gain yield, carcass conversion, and carcass yield did not differ between treatments. There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ether extract between treatments. However, starch digestibility (92.7% vs. 88%) was greater for the control treatment (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Including live <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii</i> yeast as a probiotic supplement during the initial 42 d in the feedlot enhanced early-stage growth performance in Nellore bulls. Notably, this supplementation carried over carcass gain over the entire feedlot period.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae097"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11282956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blending gestation and lactation diets during the transition period reduces energy mobilization by sows in late gestation, with no impact on subsequent lactation performance.","authors":"N Gregory, L Huber","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae096","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fifty-three gilts and fifty-three multiparous (<b>MP</b>) sows were used to evaluate a blended feeding program using gestation and lactation diets during the transition period on changes in sow back fat (<b>BF</b>) depth and BW, blood metabolites, and litter growth performance in the subsequent lactation period. A 2 × 2 factorial experimental design was generated including the factors of parity and feeding program. The MP sows and gilts were assigned to one of two feeding programs on day 104 ± 1 of gestation: 1) 2 kg/d of a standard lactation diet until farrowing when sows received step-up access to the lactation diet until ad libitum access was given on day 4 of lactation (<b>CON</b>) and 2) a dynamic blend of standard gestation and lactation diets that met estimated daily requirements for standardized ileal digestible Lys and net energy according to the NRC (2012) until day 4 of lactation where sows were provided ad libitum access to the lactation diet (<b>TRAN</b>). Litters were standardized to 13 ± 1 piglets within 24-h of birth. In gestation, ADFI was greatest for TRAN-MP sows (interaction; <i>P</i> < 0.05), with greater ADFI for TRAN versus CON sows (main effect; 2.95 vs. 2.13 ± 0.08 kg; <i>P </i>< 0.05). Feeding program did not influence ADFI in lactation, but MP sows had greater ADFI versus gilts (main effect; 5.96 vs. 4.47 ± 0.28 kg; <i>P </i>< 0.001). Immediately after farrowing, TRAN sows had greater BW and BF vs. CON sows, regardless of parity (main effect; 224.1 vs. 215.4 ± 4.1 kg and 17.3 vs. 16.2 ± 0.4 mm, respectively; <i>P</i> < 0.05). At weaning, no feeding program-related differences were observed for BW or BF, but MP sows had thicker BF compared to gilts (main effect; 14.4 vs. 13.4 ± 0.5 mm; <i>P</i> < 0.05). The TRAN-MP sows had heavier piglets at birth compared to all other groups (interaction; <i>P </i>< 0.05) and MP sows had greater litter birth weight and average piglet BW at birth versus gilts (main effect; <i>P</i> < 0.05). No effect of feeding program was observed for piglet BW at weaning. On lactation day 1, serum beta-hydroxybutyric acid and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were lower for TRAN compared to CON sows (main effect; 12.0 vs. 19.4 ± 7.8 mmol/L and 0.35 vs. 0.57 ± 0.10 mmol/L, respectively; <i>P</i> < 0.05) and serum glucose concentration was greater for TRAN compared to CON sows (main effect; 4.41 vs. 3.88 ± 0.22 mmol/L; <i>P</i> < 0.05), but these differences were no longer detectable at weaning. Therefore, a simple transition feeding program using a blend of a standard gestation and lactation diets reduced energy mobilization by sows in late gestation, with no impact on subsequent lactation performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae096"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of a direct-fed microbial (10-G) on live animal performance, carcass characteristics, and <i>Salmonella</i> prevalence of fed beef heifers.","authors":"Travis J Tilton, Kevin Martens, Loni W Lucherk, Alyssa B Word, Ben P Holland, Ty E Lawrence, Travis C Tennant","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae086","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of the direct-fed microbial 10-G upon cattle growth performance, liver and lung health, carcass quality, and yield outcomes, as well as prevalence and enumeration of <i>Salmonella</i> in feces and lymph nodes. Fed beef heifers (<i>N</i> = 1,400; initial shrunk body weight [<b>BW</b>] 343.3 ± 36.2 kg) were blocked by the day of arrival and randomly allocated to one of two treatments (0 [negative control, CON] or 2 g of a direct-fed microbial [10-G] that provided 1 billion CFUs per animal per day of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i>, <i>L. brevis</i>, and <i>L. plantarum</i>) with 10 pens per treatment. Recto-anal mucosal fecal samples (<b>RAMs</b>; <i>n</i> = 477) and subiliac lymph nodes (<b>SLNs</b>; <i>n</i> = 479) were collected longitudinally at harvest from 23 to 25 heifers per pen. Data were analyzed using mixed models; pen served as the experimental unit; block and harvest date were random effects. No differences were detected in dry matter intake (<i>P</i> = 0.78), final BW (<i>P</i> = 0.64), average daily gain (<i>P</i> = 0.51), gain to feed (<i>P</i> = 0.71), hot carcass weight (<i>P</i> = 0.54), dressed carcass yield (<i>P</i> = 0.52), 12th rib fat depth (<i>P</i> = 0.13), longissimus muscle area (<i>P</i> = 0.62), calculated empty body fat (<i>P</i> = 0.26), or marbling score (<i>P</i> = 0.82). Distributions of liver scores (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.34), quality grades (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.23), and yield grades (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.11) were also not different between treatments. A tendency was detected for more normal lungs (<i>P</i> = 0.08; 10-G = 65.96%, CON = 61.12%) and fewer inflated lungs at harvest for cattle fed 10-G (<i>P</i> = 0.10; 10-G = 0.29%, CON = 1.16%); other lung outcomes did not differ (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.54). <i>Salmonella</i> prevalence did not differ for RAM samples (<i>P</i> = 0.41; 10-G = 97.74%, CON = 96.82%) or SLN (<i>P</i> = 0.22; 10-G = 17.92%, CON = 13.66%). <i>Salmonella</i> concentration of RAM samples (<i>P</i> = 0.25; 10-G = 3.87 log CFU/g, CON = 3.32 log CFU/g) or SLN (<i>P</i> = 0.37; 10-G = 1.46 log CFU/g, CON = 1.14 log CFU/g) also did not differ between treatments at harvest. These results do not demonstrate any difference in live animal performance, carcass characteristics, or <i>Salmonella</i> carriage for heifers fed 10-G.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae086"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11165639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of epinephrine reactivity to stress on meat quality in goats.","authors":"Arshad Shaik, Phaneendra Batchu, Aditya Naldurtiker, Priyanka Gurrapu, Brou Kouakou, Thomas H Terrill, Govind Kannan","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae078","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The magnitude of physiological responses to a stressor can vary among individual goats within a herd; however, whether these differences can differentially affect meat quality is not known. This study was conducted to determine the influence of the magnitude of epinephrine response (ER) to acute stress on muscle metabolome and meat quality in goats. Male Spanish goats (6 mo old) were transported for 180 min. (<i>N</i> = 75 goats; 25 goats/d) to impose stress. Blood samples were obtained after transport for analysis of physiological responses. Goats were slaughtered using humane procedures and samples were collected for muscle metabolomics and meat quality analyses. The data obtained from blood and muscle/meat analysis were then categorized based on epinephrine concentrations into low (LE), medium (ME), and high (HE) ER groups (<i>n</i> = 12/ER group). The physiological and meat quality variables were analyzed as a Completely Randomized Design in SAS, and metabolomics data were analyzed using R software. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly high in the HE group, low in the LE group, and intermediate in the ME group (<i>P </i>< 0.05). However, leukocyte counts and cortisol, norepinephrine, blood urea nitrogen, and creatine concentrations were not different among the ER groups. Muscle (Longissimus dorsi) glycogen concentrations (15 min postmortem) were significantly higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in the ME and LE groups than in the HE group. However, postmortem Longissimus muscle pH and temperature (15 min and 24 h), 24 h calpastatin and desmin levels, and rib chop color (L*, a*, and b*), cooking loss, and Warner-Bratzler shear force values were unaffected by ER. Targeted metabolomics analysis of <i>Longissimus</i> muscle (15 min) revealed that diacyl phosphatidylcholines (C38:0; 40:6) and sphingomyelin (C20:2) were significantly different (<i>P</i> < 0.05) among the ER groups, with the concentrations of these metabolites being consistently high in the LE group. These differential muscle metabolite concentrations suggest that ER can influence biochemical pathways associated with cell membrane integrity and signaling. ER had a significant effect on dopamine concentrations, with the levels increasing with increasing levels of ER. The results indicate that differences in epinephrine reactivity can influence selected physiological responses and muscle metabolites; however, it does not significantly influence meat quality attributes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae078"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11143493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of supplemental methionine sources in finishing pig diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, cutting yields, and meat quality.","authors":"Hannah M Remole, John K Htoo, S M Mendoza, Casey L Bradley, Ryan N Dilger, Anna C Dilger, Bailey N Harsh","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae088","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Supplemental methionine (Met) is widely used within the swine industry; however, data are limited regarding the effect of Met sources on carcass cutability and meat quality. The objective was to determine the effects of L-Met (LM, 99%), DL-Met (DLM, 99%), or calcium salt of DL-Met hydroxyl analog (MHA, 84%) in finishing pig diets on carcass characteristics and meat quality. At 9 weeks of age, pigs (<i>N</i> = 240) were allocated to 60 single-sex pens for a four-phase finishing trial that lasted 104 d. Pigs were fed a common grower diet until day 56 where pens were randomly allotted to one of the three experimental diets. For the remaining 7 wk of the finisher phase, pigs (BW = 79.9 ± 0.80 kg) were fed diets containing LM, DLM, or MHA, with the supplemental Met source providing 25% of standardized ileal digestible (SID) Met + cysteine (Cys) requirement based on 65% bioefficacy for MHA in comparison with LM or DLM. One pig per pen was slaughtered at the study conclusion (on day 104), and the left sides of carcasses were fabricated into subprimal cuts to determine carcass-cutting yields. Loin quality including proximate composition and shear force were measured. Hot carcass weight was not different (<i>P </i>= 0.34) between treatments (LM 104.5 kg; DLM 103.0 kg; MHA 101.5 kg), moreover, loin eye area was not different (<i>P </i>= 0.98) between treatments (LM 52.65 cm²; DLM 52.49 cm²; MHA 52.81 cm²). Boneless carcass-cutting yield was not different (<i>P </i>= 0.56) between treatments (LM 54.97 kg; DLM 54.82 kg; MHA 54.52 kg). Loin pH was not different (<i>P </i>= 0.24) between treatments (LM 5.45; DLM 5.48; MHA 5.45). However, drip loss tended to be reduced (<i>P </i>= 0.11) by the DLM treatment (5.58%) compared with LM (7.03%) and MHA (6.68%) treatments. Shear force was not different (<i>P </i>= 0.85) between treatments (LM 3.03 kg; DLM 3.06 kg; MHA 3.10 kg). However, cook loss tended to be reduced (<i>P </i>= 0.06) by the DLM treatment (16.20%) compared with LM (18.18%) and MHA (18.50%) treatments. These data suggest that only minimal differences in carcass cutability and meat quality can be attributed to Met source in finishing pig diets when using 65% bioefficacy for MHA relative to L-Met or DL-Met.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae088"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11165637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of acidosis in the late-finishing phase on rumen fermentation in feedlot steers.","authors":"Haley F Linder, Larry L Berger, Joshua C McCann","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae084","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective was to determine the effects of induced acidosis in the late-finishing phase on rumen fermentation in feedlot steers. Eleven ruminally cannulated steers (body weight [BW] = 795 kg ± 54) were blocked into two groups based on initial BW. For 195 d prior to the start of the study, cattle were consuming a basal finishing diet (60% dry-rolled corn, 15% modified distillers grains, 15% corn silage, and 10% ground corn-based supplement). Steers were randomly assigned to one of the two treatments: control (<b>CON</b>), or induced acidosis (<b>ACD</b>). Both treatments were fasted for 24 h then fed the basal finishing diet. Steers on the ACD treatment received 0.05% of BW of wheat starch via rumen cannula at 0800 and 2000 hours on day 1 and ad libitum refeeding following the fast. On days 1 and 2, CON steers were provided 25% of allotted feed every 6 h. Rumen fluid was collected every 4 h during the challenge period (hours 0 to 48), and 0, 6, and 12 h after feeding during the recovery period (hours 54 to 96). Rumen fluid was analyzed for pH, ammonia, volatile fatty acids (<b>VFA</b>), and lactate. Fecal grab samples were collected every 8 h to determine fecal pH. A treatment × day interaction (<i>P </i>= 0.03) was observed for dry matter intake during the challenge period with steers on the ACD treatments consuming more on day 1 than CON steers. Intake was not different on day 2 (<i>P</i> = 0.88). A treatment × hour effect (<i>P </i>< 0.01) was observed for ruminal pH during the challenge period with the ACD steers having a lesser pH than CON from hours 12 to 32. Duration of time below a pH of 5.6 during the challenge period was greater (<i>P</i> < 0.01) for ACD steers than CON. During the challenge period, a treatment × time interaction (<i>P </i>= 0.04) was observed for total VFA concentration with ACD steers having greater total VFA concentration from hours 12 to 36. Acetate to propionate ratio (A:P) was affected by treatment × hour (<i>P</i> = 0.04) with CON steers having greater A:P from hours 28 to 48. Rumen ammonia and lactate concentrations did not differ (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.25) between treatments or the interaction with time. Challenge and recovery period fecal pH were not affected (<i>P </i>≥ 0.13) by treatment, time, or their interaction. Recovery period ruminal pH was not different (<i>P </i>= 0.99) between treatments. For the recovery period, total VFA and ammonia concentration were not affected by treatment, time, or their interaction (<i>P </i>≥ 0.07). Ruminal pH and VFA were affected in the initial 48 h of induced acidosis in the late-finishing phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae084"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11143494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Trace Mineral Injections on Measures of Growth and Trace Mineral Status of Primiparous Cows and their Calves.","authors":"Gracia P Hernandez, Matheus F L Ferreira, Aline C R Santos, David Bohnert, Juliana Ranches","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae068","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of injectable trace minerals (ITM) administrations at strategic moments in the beef cattle production cycle. At calving, 50 primiparous cows (Angus × Hereford) and their calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) ITM: cattle assigned to the ITM treatment received an ITM injection at calving and a subsequent administration at breeding (cattle over 2 yr: 1.0 mL/90 kg body weight [BW]; calves: 1.0 mL/45 kg BW); or 2) Control: cattle assigned to the control treatment were administered with saline following the same procedure as the cattle assigned to the ITM treatment. Body weight, blood, and liver samples were collected from dams and calves at multiple time points to evaluate the growth and mineral status of cow-calf pairs. All variables were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. A treatment effect (<i>P =</i> 0.02) was observed for Cu liver concentration of primiparous cows at breeding. Cows assigned to ITM treatment had greater Cu status than cohorts assigned to Control treatment. No treatment effects were observed for the mineral status or growth of calves. The administration of ITM to primiparous cows enhanced Cu status when grazing Cu forages scarce of Cu.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae068"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11107845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141076809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}