Translational Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"Determination of gas flux of growing steers under intensive grazing conditions.","authors":"Juan de J Vargas, Pedro H V Carvalho, Edward J Raynor, Edilane C Martins, Willian A Souza, Anna M Shadbolt, Kimberly R Stackhouse-Lawson, Sara E Place","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae119","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ruminants produce one-third of the anthropogenic methane (<b>CH</b> _<b>4</b> ) emissions worldwide, and 47% of the CH₄ emissions result from ruminants under grazing conditions. However, there is limited information regarding the appropriate number of visits to accurately determine enteric CH₄ emissions using the automated head-chamber system (<b>AHCS</b>) from growing beef cattle under intensive grazing conditions. Data from one experiment were analyzed to determine the number of visits to assess gas flux (CH₄, carbon dioxide [<b>CO</b> _<b>2</b> ], and oxygen [<b>O</b> _<b>2</b> ]) from Angus-crossbreed steers grazing in a pivot-irrigated improved pasture. A total of 110 steers (324 ± 37.3 kg initial body weight) were selected and divided into two blocks. Steers were under intensive grazing management for 84 d. Depending on forage availability, steers were rotated at 2- to 4-d intervals. Pastures were predominately composed of cool-season forages. Two different databases using the same animals (<i>n</i> = 16) were defined to calculate the gas flux using the first 100 visits to an AHCS with 2 or more or 3 or more minutes of visitation length. The mean gas flux was estimated as the average for increasing (forward) or decreasing (reverse) the gas flux of 5-visit intervals starting with the first or the last 5 visits and increasing or decreasing until the full 100-visit dataset was utilized, respectively. Spearman and Pearson correlations were computed between the maximum visits and each shortened visit interval. Concurrently, the residual variance and the residual variance change were determined for each interval by fitting a mixed model. The minimum number of visits was defined when correlations with the total visits were greater than 0.95, and the residual variance was stabilized. The results indicated that the minimum number of visits needed to determine CH₄ production varied between 45 and 70, while CO₂ production and O₂ consumption varied between 45 and 50 according to the visitation length. Additionally, steers that visited the AHCS for 2 or more minutes in visit duration required a greater number of visits than those that visited for 3 or more minutes. Thus, based on the average daily visitation in this experiment (1.4 visit/d), the assessment of CH₄ emissions requires 32 d, while CO₂ production and O₂ consumption require between 32 and 36 d using 3 or more minutes of visit length from growing steers under intensive grazing conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11341987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens fed diet containing bird eye pepper of varying proportion and sieve size.","authors":"Adeola V Adegoke, Abdul-Basit O Oduola, Adedayo A Adeyemo","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae117","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the potency of bird eye pepper (<b>BEP</b>) of varying proportion and sieve size on growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty-six 2-wk-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to six treatment groups (basal diet (B) inclusive × 2) in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement each replicated four times (10 × 10 × 10 × 11) in a completely randomized design. Diets containing BEP of varying proportion (0, 150, and 300 g) and sieve size (0.05 and 0.1 mm) were offered in two phases, starter (14 d) and finisher (17 d). Postfeeding, 48 birds (two per replicate) were sacrificed to further evaluate performance and assess the quality of meat produced. Result obtained indicates chicks fed 150 g BEP consumed less feed compared to 300 g BEP. Also, 0 and 150 g BEP groups had better (<i>P</i> < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (<b>FCR</b>) than 300 g BEP, while 0.05 mm BEP diet improved (<i>P</i> < 0.05) FCR as against 0.1 mm BEP. Interaction of proportion and sieve size effects of BEP increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) the final weight of the birds and suppressed (<i>P</i> < 0.05) feed intake for all groups as against 300 g (0.1 mm) BEP (1,576.00 g/bird; 964.20 g/bird). Feeding 150 and 300 g BEP diets lowered (<i>P</i> < 0.05) superoxide dismutase (<b>SOD</b>) production compared to 0 g BEP, while 150 g BEP diet increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) catalase production over 0 g BEP. Interactive effect of proportion and sieve size of BEP reduced (<i>P</i> < 0.05) SOD production in 150 g (0.05 and 0.1 mm) BEP and 300 g (0.05 mm) BEP groups, followed by 300 g (0.1 mm) BEP group that had lower (<i>P</i> < 0.05) SOD than both basal groups. Birds fed B + 150 g (0.05 mm) BEP diet produced more (<i>P</i> < 0.05) catalase compared to both basal groups. Meat pH for 150 and 300 g BEP groups was significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) reduced than 0 g BEP. The Hue angle corresponds with a high value (<i>P </i><<i> </i>0.05) to 0 g BEP, while 300 g BEP showed a low value. This study has shown BEP at low concentration (150 g) screened with 0.05 and 0.1 mm sieves enhanced chick welfare, while a higher concentration (300 g) screened at 0.05 mm improved overall growth performance (endogenous antioxidant profile) at finisher phase. Broiler chickens, farmers, and meat processors will benefit from diet containing BEP screened through 0.05 mm sieve.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11347882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of SeaFeed, a canola oil infused with <i>Asparagopsis armata</i>, on methane emissions, animal health, performance, and carcass characteristics of Angus feedlot cattle.","authors":"Melissa M George, Samuel V Platts, Brent A Berry, Markus F Miller, Anna M Carlock, Taylor M Horton, Matthew H George","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae116","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objectives of this project were to measure the effect of SeaFeed, a canola oil infused with <i>Asparagopsis armata</i>, on methane emissions, animal health, performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. Angus steers (<i>n</i> = 160) with an initial body weight of 474.4 kg were fed a steam-flaked wheat and barley ration for 200 d in a large, commercial feedlot. A single-blinded randomized complete block design compared two treatments including control and SeaFeed included at a rate of 25 mg bromoform per kg dry matter intake (DMI). Monthly testing of bromoform levels in the canola demonstrated that SeaFeed maintained a stable bromoform concentration for 6 mo. The inclusion of SeaFeed had no effect on daily DMI. However, steers fed SeaFeed were more efficient with a 6.6% higher (<i>P</i> < 0.01) gain-to-feed ratio as compared to control steers over the 200-d feeding period. This improved efficiency resulted in 0.094 kg higher (<i>P</i> < 0.01) average daily gain and 19.7 kg higher (<i>P</i> < 0.01) live exit weight in steers fed SeaFeed as compared to control steers. Steers fed SeaFeed produced 51.7% less (<i>P</i> < 0.01) methane and yielded 50.5% less (<i>P</i> < 0.01) methane over the 200-d feeding period as compared to cattle fed the control ration. Peak methane inhibition occurred on day 29 on feed with 90.6% less methane production in cattle fed SeaFeed as compared to control animals. SeaFeed reduced (<i>P</i> < 0.01) methane intensity by 55.4% over the 200-d feeding period. Hot carcass weight tended (<i>P</i> = 0.097) to be 6.9 kg heavier in cattle fed SeaFeed as compared to controls. Cattle fed SeaFeed had similar (<i>P</i> > 0.20) marbling, meat color, eye muscle, area, and ultimate pH to control cattle. Interestingly, cattle fed SeaFeed tended (<i>P</i> = 0.054) to have slightly higher fat color scores. Rumen papillae from cattle fed SeaFeed were more (<i>P</i> < 0.01) gray in color and more oval (<i>P</i> < 0.01) in shape as compared to control animals; however, rumen damage was not different between treatment groups. In regards to food safety and residues, all muscle, fat, and kidney samples were free from bromoform residues. Bromine residues in kidney and meat samples were higher (<i>P</i> < 0.01) in the SeaFeed group as compared to controls. Cattle fed SeaFeed produced strip loin steaks similar (<i>P</i> > 0.05) in eating quality to control cattle. These results demonstrate that SeaFeed reduced methane emissions, improved performance, and produced safe beef with similar eating quality to conventional beef.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11347879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of an algae feed additive on reducing enteric methane emissions from cattle.","authors":"Reba L Colin, Jessica L Sperber, Kassidy K Buse, Paul J Kononoff, Andrea K Watson, Galen E Erickson","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae109","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alga 1.0, a product containing bromoform, was fed to cattle to evaluate its effects on methane (<b>CH</b> _<b>4</b> ) and carbon dioxide (<b>CO</b> _<b>2</b> ) emissions and diet digestibility. Twelve nonlactating, nonpregnant Jersey cows (490 ± 19 kg body weight) were used in four replicated 3 × 3 Latin squares with three periods, each consisting of 21 d. Cows were blocked by feed intake (averaged intakes over 4 wk prior to trial) and assigned randomly to one of three treatments. Treatments included Alga 1.0 fed at 0, 69, and 103 g/d in a 0.454 kg/d dry matter (<b>DM</b>) top-dress daily in a modified distillers grains plus solubles (<b>MDGS</b>) carrier. Diet consisted of 60% dry-rolled corn, 20% corn silage, 15% modified distillers grains, and 5% supplement (DM basis). Headbox-style indirect calorimeters were utilized to evaluate gas production from individual cows with two nonconsecutive 23-h collections in each period. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with cow within square as experimental unit and as a random effect, and treatment and period as fixed effects. Linear and quadratic contrasts were used to compare treatments. Feeding Alga 1.0 linearly reduced dry matter intake (<b>DMI</b>, <i>P</i> < 0.01) by 10.1% for 69 g/d inclusion and 13.3% for 103 g/d inclusion compared to the control. Nutrient intakes decreased linearly (<i>P</i> < 0.01) due to lower DMI, but nutrient digestibility was not impacted (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.28). Inclusion of Alga 1.0 did not impact gross energy or digestible energy concentration of the diets expressed as Mcal/kg DM (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.22) but did linearly reduce energy intake (Mcal/d; <i>P</i> < 0.01). Feeding Alga 1.0 linearly reduced enteric CH₄ emissions measured as g/kg DMI (<i>P</i> < 0.01) by 39 and 64% for 69 g/d and 103 g/d inclusion, respectively. Linear reductions (<i>P</i> < 0.01) of 64% to 65% were also observed in enteric CH₄ emissions when expressed per kilogram of DM or organic matter digested. Respired CO₂ as g/d linearly decreased (<i>P</i> = 0.03) for cattle fed Alga 1.0 but did not differ when expressed as g/kg of DMI (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.23). Oxygen consumption did not differ between treatments for g/d and g/kg DMI (<i>P </i>≥ 0.19). In conclusion, feeding Alga 1.0 reduced DMI up to 13.3%, did not impact digestibility, and significantly reduced CH₄ emissions up to 63%.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11329799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of growth implants and low-level tannin supplementation on enteric emissions and nitrogen excretion in grazing steers.","authors":"Edward J Raynor, Mesa Kutz, Logan R Thompson, Pedro H V Carvalho, Sara E Place, Kimberly R Stackhouse-Lawson","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae115","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The primary objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of a growth-hormone implant (Revalor-G, Merck Animal Health., Rahway, NJ, USA) and tannin supplementation (Silvafeed BX, Silva Team, San Michele Mondovi CN, Italy) on enteric methane (CH₄) emissions and estimated nitrogen (N) excretion in grazing steers. Steers (<i>n</i> = 20; initial body weight [IBW] = 343 ± 14 kg) were acclimated to use a portable automated head-chamber system (AHCS) to measure CH₄ and a SmartFeed Pro automated feeder for dietary supplementation (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD, USA). After the training period, steers were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangements of treatments, with 2 levels of growth-hormone implants, no-implant (NO-IMP) or implanted (IMP), and 2 levels of tannin supplementation, no tannin supplementation (NO-TAN) or tannin supplementation (TAN). This created 4 treatment groups: (1) NO-TAN and NO-IMP, (2) TAN and NO-IMP, (3) IMP and NO-TAN, and (4) TAN and IMP. Tannin was offered daily at 0.30% dry matter intake (DMI) through 0.5 kg/hd/d sweetfeed supplement (Sweetfeed Mix, AgFinity., Eaton, CO, USA) with a targeted tannin intake at 48 g/hd/d. No (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.05) implant × tannin interaction was detected for any dependent variable, so only the main effects of implant (NO-IMP vs. IMP) and tannin supplementation (NO-TAN vs. TAN) are discussed. Implant status did not affect (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.56) final body weight (FBW) or average daily gain (ADG) during the 90 d grazing period. There was no effect (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.15) of growth implant on CH₄ production or emission intensity (EI; g CH₄/kg gain). Additionally, IMP steers tended (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.08) to have less CH₄ yield (MY; g CH₄/g DMI) and higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN) than NO-IMP steers. Tannin supplementation did not impact (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.26) FBW or ADG. However, NO-TAN steers tended (<i>P</i> = 0.06) to have a greater total DMI than steers supplemented with tannin. No effect (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.22) of tannin supplementation was observed for CH₄ production and EI. Nitrogen utilization as measured through BUN, urine N, fecal N, or fecal P was similar (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.12) between TAN and NO-TAN animals. The findings indicate that low-level dietary supplementation to reduce enteric emissions is difficult in grazing systems due to inconsistent animal intake and that growth implants could be used as a strategy to improve growth performance and reduce EI of steers grazing improved pasture.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11344243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of beef heifer development systems utilizing corn residue and late summer planted cover crops on growth, reproductive performance, and economics.","authors":"Hannah F Speer, Robert A Cushman, Harvey C Freetly, Jay Parsons, Jessica Windh, Mary E Drewnoski","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae111","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate growth and reproductive performance of heifers developed using 3 different winter systems in the midwestern U.S. Spring-born heifers (n = 1,156; 214 d of age; SD ± 17 d) were used in a 3-yr study to evaluate performance in winter development systems, which utilized cover crop (CC) and corn residue grazing. Heifers were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: grazing corn residue with 0.77 kg/d dried distillers grains (CD) or 1.69 kg/d wheat midds (CW) supplementation followed by a grower ration in the drylot, or grazing late summer planted oat-brassica CC followed by corn residue grazing with 0.35 kg/d dried distillers grains supplementation (CC). Supplementation during the corn residue phase was targeted to result in a common body weight (BW) (276 kg; ~45% of mature BW) by the end of the winter development period. Grazing of corn residue (CD and CW) and CC began in early November. After 63 d, heifers assigned to CC were moved to corn residue; on day 77 heifers assigned to CD and CW began receiving a grower ration in the drylot. In mid-February (day 98), heifers were comingled and managed in a single group. Breeding season began in June and lasted for 29 d. The ADG of heifers assigned to CC when grazing CC (days 1 to 63) was greater (0.76 kg/d; <i>P </i>< 0.01) than those assigned to CD or CW (0.58 kg/d and 0.49 kg/d, respectively). Gain during the last 35 d of the winter period for heifers assigned to CC (0.36 kg/d) was less (<i>P </i>< 0.01) than those assigned to CW (0.49 kg/d) but not different from CD heifers (0.41 kg/d). Overall (days 1 to 98), winter ADG was greater (<i>P </i>< 0.05) for heifers assigned to CC (0.62 kg/d) than CD (0.53 kg/d) or CW (0.50 kg/d), which did not differ (<i>P</i> = 0.42). Percent of mature BW in May (27 d pre-breeding) was greater (<i>P</i> < 0.01) for heifers assigned to CC (52%) than for those on CD and CW (50%), which did not differ (<i>P</i> = 0.64). Pregnancy rates were affected by treatment (<i>P </i>< 0.03), with heifers assigned to CC (76%) being greater than CW (64%) and CD heifers being intermediate (70%). When accounting for the differences in cost and the value of open and bred heifers, the economic return tended to differ (<i>P = </i>0.07) among treatments, with CC and CW not differing (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.20) from CD but return for CC being $73 greater than CW (<i>P</i> = 0.02). Utilizing oat-brassica CCs early in the winter followed by a slower rate of gain while grazing corn residue with distillers supplementation appears to be as effective for developing beef heifers in the midwestern U.S. as supplementing distillers grains.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11329798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of orally administered <i>Megasphaera elsdenii</i> in steer calves abruptly transitioned from a receiving diet with 4% dietary starch to a growing diet with 38% dietary starch.","authors":"Forest L Francis, Warren C Rusche, Zachary K Smith","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae113","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of orally administered <i>Megasphaera elsdenii</i> NCIMB 41125 as a microbial supplement in steers abruptly transitioned from a receiving diet with 4% dietary starch (dry matter [DM] basis) to a growing diet with 38% dietary starch (DM basis). Steers (<i>n</i> = 192; initial shrunk body weight [SBW] = 309 ± 20.6 kg) were assigned to microbial supplement treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were control (CON): no microbial supplement prior to diet transition, and (DFM): microbial supplement orally administered prior to diet transition (20 mL of microbial supplement [Lactipro NXT, Axiota Animal Health, Fort Collins, CO] containing 1 × 10¹⁰ colony forming units <i>Megasphaera elsdenii</i> NCIMB 41125). Steers were sourced from a previously conducted 49 d feedlot receiving period experiment and abruptly transitioned from a receiving diet including soybean hulls and wheatlage containing 4% dietary starch (DM basis) to a growing diet including high-moisture ear corn, dry-rolled corn, and wheatlage containing 38% dietary starch (DM basis). Diets were switched on an equal DM intake basis to achieve the abrupt change and steers were fed the 38% starch diet for 49 d until experiment completion. Prior to experiment initiation, steers (<i>n</i> = 72; <i>n</i> = 3/pen) were fitted with wireless rumination tags to track daily activity and rumination time. No differences (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.20) were observed between treatments for final SBW, average daily gain, DM intake, feed efficiency, calculated net energy (NE) for maintenance and gain, or observed-to-expected ratio of NE for maintenance and gain. Additionally, no treatment × day or treatment differences (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.12) were observed for activity or rumination measures. Minutes ruminating and active both differed (<i>P</i> < 0.01) for the main effect of day. Compared to non-supplemented steers, oral administration of <i>Megasphaera elsdenii</i> NCIMB 41125 did not improve growth performance or efficiency of dietary NE utilization in steers transitioned from a receiving diet containing 4% starch (DM basis) to a growing diet containing 38% starch (DM basis).</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11322673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of increasing dietary standardized ileal digestible arginine to lysine ratio from 0.85 to 1.15 and water-based arginine supplementation on growth performance and gut integrity of weaned pigs.","authors":"Chloe Hagen, Dalton Humphrey, Caitlyn Wileman, Keith Haydon, Laura Greiner","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae102","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this experiment was to assess the influence of arginine (Arg) supplementation in water and/or feed on the growth performance and gastrointestinal health of newly weaned pigs. Two hundred and forty pigs (5.06 kg; PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were randomly allocated into 80 mixed-sex pens (3 pigs/pen) and subjected to a 2 × 4 factorial design. Two levels of Arg were supplemented in water (0% or 8% stock, dosed through a 1:128 proportioner) for the first phase (days 0 to 7), and four dietary arginine levels (0.85, 0.95, 1.05, and 1.15) standardized ileal digestible (SID) Arg to Lysine (Lys) ratios for the first two phases (days 0 to 7 and 7 to 21). All treatments were provided a common diet (0.96 SID Arg:Lys) for the last phase days 21 to 42. One pig per pen underwent a dual sugar absorption test of lactulose at 500 mg/kg and mannitol at 50 mg/kg of body weight (BW) via gastric tube on days 7 and 21 postweaning, with blood plasma collected 4 h later. The pig tested on day 7 was subsequently euthanized for intestinal tissue collection. Pen growth performance and feed disappearance were evaluated for 3 phases: days 0 to 7, 7 to 21, and 21 to 42 postweaning. The statistical analysis used linear models to examine the effects of SID Arg:Lys in the feed, Arg level in water, and their interactions, with pen as the experimental unit. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test the linear and quadratic effects of increasing SID Arg:Lys in the diet. Growth performance during the first period exhibited variability, reflected by negative gain-to-feed (G:F) ratios, caused by the enteric health challenge. Consequently, data were analyzed separately for each phase. Increasing dietary SID Arg:Lys caused a linear improvement (<i>P</i> = 0.04) in final BW (18.47 and 21.90 kg, for 0.85 and 1.15 SID Arg:Lys, respectively). A trend (<i>P</i> = 0.09) suggested a linear impact of dietary SID Arg:Lys on average daily gain during days 21 to 42. Arg supplementation, whether administered through water or diet, did not affect lactulose and mannitol absorption on both days 7 and 21, nor did it alter histological measurements in the collected ileum tissues on day 7 postweaning. In conclusion, increasing dietary SID Arg:Lys increased final BW but had no clear impacts on intestinal health within the parameters measured, potentially impacted by the rotavirus diagnosis in the first week post-wean.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11258900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging within the undergraduate student population within the Department of Animal Science at Iowa State University.","authors":"Kelsi A Carlson, Jennifer M Bundy, Michael J Martin, Scott W Smalley, Anna K Johnson","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae100","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iowa State University (ISU) provides resources for diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEI-B) to provide students with a comfortable academic home regardless of their demographics or prior experiences. The objective of this study was to investigate undergraduate students' DEI-B perspectives in the Department of Animal Science at ISU. One survey instrument was developed containing 14 questions that covered demographics, feelings of inclusion, comfort-seeking tools, and ways to improve DEI-B. Answer choices were either multiple choice, 1 to 5 sliding scale, or a specified text sliding scale. Eligible participants were undergraduate students enrolled in Animal or Dairy Science (<i>n</i> = 974). Demographics and comfort-seeking tools will be presented descriptively. Inclusion at the start and after 2 yr were compared using six different linear models. A variable was deemed significant if the <i>P</i>-value was ≤ 0.05. A total of 383 students (88% of total respondents) completed 50% or more of the inclusion questions. Seniors had the highest response rate. More students reported coming from a rural background. Primary species of interest was companion animals. There were no observed differences in feelings of inclusion in classes, with peers, or with faculty for hometown, admission type, ethnic group, and first generation when students started (<i>P </i>≥ 0.067). There was a difference for primary species of interest (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.011) and with female students feeling less included (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.039). There were no observed differences after 2 yr in classes, with peers, or with faculty for classification year, admission type, or first generation (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.088). Suburban students felt the least included in classes compared to rural and urban students (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.036). Female students felt less included in all three categories (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.017). The majority of students reported having companion animal experience but almost half reported having no experience with livestock prior to ISU. A total of 51% of students said they never considered transferring to another major and 48% indicated that they plan to pursue a career in veterinary medicine. A total of 75% of students felt inclusion could be improved by creating more hands-on opportunities and 60% suggested the department provide more study space. In conclusion, the Department of Animal Science at ISU has some effective inclusion practices but needs to evolve and improve in its DEI-B practices for the undergraduate student population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11282358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementation with live <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii</i> during the initial 42 days of the feedlot phase in Nellore beef cattle.","authors":"Lorena E de L M Bomfim, Kaique de S Nascimento, Alana M de M Calaça, Luan de O M Silva, Emmanuel Arnhold, Victor R M Couto, Yasmin M Barreto, Lucas J Mari, Mateus C Santos, Gauthier Marine, Eric Chevaux, Juliano J de R Fernandes","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae097","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess the effect of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii</i> CNCM I-1079 supplementation during the initial feeding period on the performance of Nellore bulls in a feedlot system. One hundred ninety-eight Nellore bulls were used in a completely randomized block design, with blocking based on weight within each treatment group: light (331.4 kg; 4 pens), medium (349.7 kg; 4 pens), and heavy (362.5 kg; 3 pens). The treatments included CON-a basal diet, and SCB-basal diet plus a probiotic (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii</i> CNCM I-1079; 1.0 × 10¹⁰ CFU/head/d). Experimental diets were administered for the first 42 d (21 d in the step-up phase and 21 d in the finishing diet -870 g concentrate/kg dry matter [<b>DM</b>]). Subsequently, both treatment groups were transitioned to the same basal diet for an additional 76 d, completing 118 d on feed. Linear regression analysis was conducted for dry matter intake (<b>DMI</b>) data. During the initial 42 d, DMI tended to be higher for SCB (<i>P</i> = 0.09); also bulls fed SCB reached the plateau of the curve at 9.17 kg DMI/d earlier (39 d, R² = 0.97) than those fed CON (43 d; R² = 0.96) diets. For the first 42 d, the SCB treatment exhibited higher final weight (393.0 vs. 401.4 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.02), total gain (49.3 vs. 53.5 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.02), daily weight gain (1.124 vs. 1.274 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.02), and G:F (0.174 vs. 0.188, <i>P</i> = 0.04). Over the entire 118-d period, SCB-fed bulls had greater final body weight (509.5 vs. 518.0 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.02), total body weight gain (163.7 vs. 170.3 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.01), and average daily gain (1.366 vs. 1.420 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.01). The feed efficiency of SCB-supplemented bulls was 8.05% higher than CON (<i>P</i> = 0.04), and the final carcass weight was 1.69% greater for animals fed SCB (283.8 vs. 288.6 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.04). Total carcass weight gain (110.9 vs. 114.7 kg) and daily carcass weight gain (0.924 vs. 0.956 kg) tended (<i>P</i> = 0.06) to increase by 3.46% in SCB-fed animals compared with those fed CON. Gain yield, carcass conversion, and carcass yield did not differ between treatments. There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ether extract between treatments. However, starch digestibility (92.7% vs. 88%) was greater for the control treatment (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Including live <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii</i> yeast as a probiotic supplement during the initial 42 d in the feedlot enhanced early-stage growth performance in Nellore bulls. Notably, this supplementation carried over carcass gain over the entire feedlot period.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae097"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11282956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}