Translational Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"Supplementing narasin or monensin to control coccidiosis in naturally infected calves.","authors":"Tiago Leiva, Reinaldo F Cooke, Pedro V F Lasmar, Rodrigo L Valarelli, José M C De Simas, Dina Maria B Zapa, Luiz Felipe M Couto, Luciana M Heller, Welber D Z Lopes","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae069","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This experiment compared narasin and monensin as anticoccidials for calves naturally infected with <i>Eimeria</i> spp. Twenty-four weaned, non-castrated male calves (<i>Bos indicus</i> × <i>B. taurus</i> cross) were assigned to this experiment (days -8 to 42). All calves were infected by <i>Eimeria</i> spp. according to oocyst count per gram (<b>OPG</b>) from fecal samples collected on days -8 and -7 (average 1,059 ± 101 oocysts/g). Calves were housed in individual pens, received corn silage, mineral mix, and water for ad libitum consumption, in addition to a grain-based supplement at 200 g/head daily. Fecal samples were collected on days -2 and -1 for OPG, and results averaged as initial OPG value. Calves were blocked according to initial OPG into eight blocks of three calves each, ranked within each block according to body weight (<b>BW</b>) recorded on day -1, and assigned to receive narasin (<b>NAR;</b> 0.8 mg/kg of BW), monensin (<b>MON;</b> 1 mg/kg of BW), or no ionophore (<b>CON</b>; negative control). Ionophores were added to the grain-based supplement, and offered from days 0 to 42 of the experiment. Calf BW was recorded on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42. Fecal samples were collected on days 6 and 7, 13 and 14, 20 and 21, 26 and 27, 34 and 35, and 41 and 42 for OPG analysis, and results from samples collected on consecutive days were averaged. Aliquoted fecal samples were also pooled across calves from the same treatment and collection days, and used to determine the prevalence of individual species of <i>Eimeria</i>. No treatment effects were detected (<i>P </i>≥ 0.51) for calf BW or growth rate. A treatment × day interaction was detected (<i>P </i>< 0.01) for OPG, as NAR and MON calves had less (<i>P </i>< 0.01) OPG compared with CON calves beginning on day 7. The OPG was also less (<i>P </i>≤ 0.03) in MON compared with NAR calves on days 7, 14, and 28, but did not differ (<i>P </i>≥ 0.48) on days 21, 35, and 42. The anticoccidial efficacy of NAR and MON did not differ (<i>P </i>≥ 0.16) when calculated across all <i>Eimeria</i> spp., or according to prevalence of <i>E. bovis</i> and <i>E. alabamensins</i>. A treatment × day interaction was detected (<i>P </i>= 0.04) for anticoccidial efficacy to <i>E. alabamensis</i>, which was greater (<i>P </i>< 0.01) in MON calves on days 7 and 14 and did not differ (<i>P </i>≥ 0.40) afterward. Collectively, both ionophores were similarly effective in controlling coccidiosis upon completion of the 42-d study, although the anticoccidial effects of monensin were noted earlier in the experiment. Nonetheless, these results corroborate narasin as an efficient anticoccidial ionophore for naturally infected calves.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11127485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association study between SNP markers located in meat quality candidate genes with intramuscular fat content in an endangered dual-purpose cattle population.","authors":"Kathrin Halli, Sven König, Isabella J Giambra","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae066","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to associate single nucleotide polymorphisms (<b>SNP</b>) of the bovine calcium-activated neutral protease µ-calpain, calpastatin, diacylglycerol-<i>O</i>-acyltransferase, adipose fatty acid binding protein, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor C (<b><i>RORC</i></b>), and thyroglobulin (<b><i>TG</i></b>) gene with intramuscular fat content (<b>IMF</b>). Therefore, 542 animals of the cattle breed \"Rotes Höhenvieh\" (<b>RHV</b>) were phenotyped for IMF. Genotyping of the animals was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism tests for six SNP from candidate genes for meat quality traits. In addition, we calculated allele substitution and dominance effects on IMF. A subgroup of animals (<i>n</i> = 44, reduced dataset) with extraordinary high IMF was analyzed separately. The mean IMF content was 2.5% (SD: 2.8) but ranged from 0.02% to 23.9%, underlining the breeds' potential for quality meat production. Allele and genotype frequencies for all SNP were similar in the complete and reduced dataset. Association analyses in the complete dataset revealed the strongest effects of <i>RORC</i> on IMF (<i>P</i> = 0.075). The log-transformed least-squares mean for IMF of genotype g.3290GG was 0.45 ± 0.16, 0.26 ± 0.14 for genotype g.3290GT, and 0.32 ± 0.14 for genotype g.3290TT. In the reduced dataset, we found a significant effect (<i>P</i> < 0.05) of the g.422C>T-SNP of <i>TG</i> on IMF, with highest IMF for genotype CT (0.91 ± 0.17), lowest IMF for genotype TT (0.37 ± 0.25), and medium IMF for genotype CC (0.59 ± 0.16; log-transformed values). Compared to the complete dataset, allele substitution effects increased in the reduced dataset for most of the SNP, possibly due to the selective genotyping strategy, with focus on animals with highest IMF implying strong phenotypic IMF contrast. Dominance effects were small in both datasets, related to the high heritability of IMF. Results indicated RHV breed particularities regarding the effects of meat quality genes on IMF. An explanation might be the breeding history of RHV with focus on adaptation and resilience in harsh outdoor systems. Consequently, it is imperative to develop breed-specific selection strategies. Allele substitution and dominance effects were in a similar direction in both datasets, suggesting the same breeding approaches for different RHV strains in different regions. Nevertheless, a selective genotyping approach (reduced dataset), contributed to more pronounced genotype effect differences on IMF and dominance values.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11088282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140911662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-protein nitrogen supplementation on in vitro fermentation profile, methane production, and microbial nitrogen synthesis in a corn silage-based substrate.","authors":"Juan de J Vargas, Federico Tarnonsky, Federico Podversich, Araceli Maderal, Ignacio Fernández-Marenchino, Wilmer Cuervo, Tessa M Schulmeister, Isabel Ruiz-Ascacibar, Ignacio R Ipharraguerre, Nicolás DiLorenzo","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae065","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-protein nitrogen (<b>NPN</b>) supplements improve animal performance in backgrounding diets. However, there is scarce information regarding the effect of different NPN sources and combinations on ruminal fermentation profile. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of different NPN sources and their combinations on in vitro fermentation, microbial N synthesis, and methane (CH₄) production in a backgrounding diet. Incubations were conducted on three separate days for 24 h using corn silage and cotton gin byproduct (70% and 30% of DM, respectively) as substrate. Treatments were control (without NPN), urea, and five different proportions of urea-biuret and nitrate (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100). Each treatment, except control, was formulated to be isonitrogenous and equivalent to 1% urea inclusion. Ruminal fluid was collected from two ruminally cannulated Angus crossbred steers fed ad libitum corn silage and cotton gin byproduct plus 100 g of a urea-biuret-nitrate mixture. The concentration of volatile fatty acids (<b>VFAs</b>) and ammonia nitrogen (<b>NH</b>_<b>3</b><b>-N</b>) were determined at 12 and 24 h of incubation. Final pH, in vitro dry and organic matter digestibility, total gas production, and concentration of CH₄ were determined at 24 h. The supplementation of NPN increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) the concentration of NH₃-N at 12 and 24 h. Although NPN supplementation increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) the concentration of total VFA and acetate at 12 h, treatments did not differ (<i>P</i> > 0.05) at 24 h. Supplementation of NPN increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) the proportion of acetate at 12 and 24 h but tended to reduce (<i>P</i> = 0.054) the proportion of propionate only at 12 h. Digestibility and pH were not different (<i>P</i> > 0.05) among treatments. Increasing nitrates in the NPN supplement increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) the proportion of acetate and reduced (<i>P</i> < 0.05) the proportion of butyrate at 12 and 24 h. The supplementation of NPN increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) microbial N synthesis. Furthermore, increasing nitrate proportion in the NPN supplement increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) the microbial N synthesis and efficiency of N use. Supplementation of NPN did not modify (<i>P</i> > 0.05) total gas or CH₄ production. However, increasing nitrate proportion in the NPN supplement linearly reduced (<i>P</i> < 0.05) CH₄ production. Supplementation of NPN increased NH₃-N concentration and microbial N while increasing the inclusion of nitrate decreased the production of CH₄ and increased the microbial N synthesis in a corn silage-based substrate under in vitro conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11075735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic assessment of using Bermudagrass stockpiling and annual cereal pasture to extend grazing in cow-calf operations","authors":"Jacob Sestak, J. Biermacher, B. Brorsen, James K Rogers","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae067","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) stockpiling and cool-season annual pastures can extend grazing seasons in cow-calf operations and reduce winter feeding costs, but less is known about how these practices interact and their effect on producer profitability. Data from a completely randomized-design experiment in South-Central Oklahoma were collected on three grazing systems for cows and calves: bermudagrass pasture (CONTROL), stockpiled bermudagrass and interseeded cool-season pasture (SPINT), and stockpiled bermudagrass plus cropland no-till seeded with a summer cover-crop followed by cool-season annuals (SPCROP). A mixed model was used to estimate the effects of grazing system on weaning weights, total hay, and total range cubes [crude protein (CP) = 30%] fed in each system. Enterprise budgeting was used to calculate the expected net return of each system. Weaning weight did not vary between systems (P = 0.6940), resulting in similar revenues. Relative to other treatments, the quantity of cubes fed in the CONTROL system were significantly higher (P <0.0001) while hay fed was significantly higher in the SPCROP system (P = 0.0036). Increased machinery costs, seed costs, and fertilization requirements in bermudagrass stockpiling, interseeding, and cropland production outweighed the cost savings associated with less feeding. Total cost were $446 ha-1 ($722 hd-1), $451 ha-1 ($732 hd-1), and $553 ha-1 ($895 ha-1) for the CONTROL, SPINT, and SPCROP systems, respectively. Overall, the CONTROL system was $3.13 ha-1 ($5.08 hd-1) and $98.91 ha-1 ($160.10 hd-1) more profitable than the SPINT and SPCROP systems.","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of soybean processing by-products and their use in swine and poultry diets","authors":"Katelyn N. Gaffield, R. Goodband, J. DeRouchey, M. Tokach, J. Woodworth, Gordon Denny, J. Gebhardt","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae063","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Due to its importance in animal feed, soybean meal has been extensively studied to optimize its use in livestock diets. Despite extensive research, the industry has not fully characterized specific areas of soybean processing such as the inclusion of soybean by-products added back to soybean meal during processing. Soybean processing by-products can encompass a large variety of materials including weeds and foreign material, soybean hulls, gums, soapstocks, lecithins, spent bleaching clays, and deodorizer distillates. Despite the potential for being added back to soybean meal when a crushing plant is integrated with an oil refinery, there is currently limited information on the composition of many of these soybean processing by-products and their subsequent effects on soybean meal quality and animal performance. Therefore, there may be opportunities for a new area of research focused on soybean processing by-products and their optimal use within the livestock feed industry. This review summarizes the current information on soybean by-products with a focus on identifying the areas with the greatest potential for future research in swine and poultry nutrition.","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140707689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Bacillus paralicheniformis</i> 809 and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> 810 support in vitro intestinal integrity under hydrogen peroxide and deoxynivalenol challenges.","authors":"Erik J Boll, Giuseppe Copani, Bruno I Cappellozza","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We designed and conducted two in vitro experiments to evaluate the effects of two <i>Bacillus</i> spp. probiotics on gut barrier integrity using the transepithelial electrical resistance (<b>TEER</b>) assay under two different challenge models. In Exp. 1, intestinal epithelial cells received or not (<b>CON</b>) <i>B. paralicheniformis</i> 809 (<b>BLI</b>) or <i>B. subtilis</i> 810 (<b>BSU</b>) at a rate of 1 × 10⁸ colony forming units (<b>CFU</b>)/transwell. Two hours after treatment application (CON, BLI, or BSU), 5 mM of the reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide, mimicking mucosal oxidative stress, was added alone (<b>HYP</b>) or with each of the <i>Bacillus</i> spp. (HYP + BLI or HYP + BSU). In Exp. 2, cells were assigned to the same treatments as in Exp. 1 (CON, BLI, and BSU), or mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (<b>DON</b>), which was added alone or in combination with BLI or BSU, resulting in another two treatments (DON + BLI and DON + BSU). Transepithelial electrical resistance was measured for 14 h postchallenge. In Exp. 1, a treatment × hour interaction was observed for TEER (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). Adding BLI and BSU resulted in greater TEER values vs. CON for most of the experimental period (<i>P</i> < 0.02), whereas HYP reduced mean TEER and area under the curve (<b>AUC</b>), while increasing the amount of sugar that translocated through the monolayer cells (<i>P</i> < 0.001). A treatment × hour interaction was also observed in Exp. 2 (<i>P</i> < 0.0001), as DON led to an immediate and acute drop in TEER that lasted until the end of the experimental period (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). Both BLI and BSU alleviated the DON-induced damaging effects on the integrity of intestinal epithelial cells, whereas both <i>Bacillus</i> spp. alleviated the damage caused by DON alone and the proportion of sugar that translocated through the monolayer cells was not different between CON and DON + BLI (<i>P</i> = 0.14) and DON + BLI and DON + BSU (<i>P</i> = 0.62). In summary, both <i>Bacillus</i> spp. strains (<i>B. paralicheniformis</i> 809 and <i>B. subtilis</i> 810) were able to counteract the damaging effects of the challenge agents, hydrogen peroxide and deoxynivalenol, on gut barrier integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11056882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140865724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting fat cover in beef cattle to make on-farm management decisions: a review of assessing fat and of modeling fat deposition","authors":"M. McPhee","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae058","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Demands of domestic and foreign market specifications of carcass weight and fat cover, of beef cattle, have led to the development of cattle growth models that predict fat cover to assist on-farm managers make management decisions. The objectives of this paper are 4-fold: (1) conduct a brief review of the biological basis of adipose tissue accretion, (2) briefly review live and carcass assessments of beef cattle, and carcass grading systems used to develop quantitative compositional and quality indices, (3) review fat deposition models: Davis growth model (DGM), French National Institute for Agricultural Research growth model (IGM), Cornell Value Discovery System (CVDS), and BeefSpecs drafting tool (BeefSpecsDT) and (4) appraise the process of translating science and practical skills into research/decision support tools that assist the Beef industry improve profitability. The r2 for live and carcass animal assessments, using several techniques across a range of species and traits, ranged from 0.61 to 0.99 and from 0.52 to 0.99, respectively. Model evaluations of DGM and IGM were conducted using Salers heifers (n = 24) and Angus-Hereford steers (n = 15) from an existing publication and model evaluations of CVDS and BeefSpecsDT were conducted using Angus steers (n = 33) from a research trial where steers were grain finished for 101 days in a commercial feedlot. Evaluating the observed and predicted fat mass (FM) is the focus of this review. The FM mean bias (MB) for Salers heifers were 7.5 and 1.3kg and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 31.2 and 27.8kg and for Angus-Hereford steers the MB were -4.0 and -10.5kg and the RMSEP were 9.14 and 21.5kg for DGM and IGM, respectively. The FM MB for Angus steers were -5.61 and -2.93kg and the RMSEP were 12.3 and 13.4kg for CVDS and BeefSpecsDT, respectively. The decomposition for bias, slope, and deviance were 21, 12, and 68% and 5, 4, and 91% for CVDS and BeefSpecsDT, respectively. The modeling efficiencies were 0.38 and 0.27 and the models were within a 20kg level of tolerance 91 and 88% for CVDS and BeefSpecsDT, respectively. Fat deposition models reported in this review have the potential to assist the beef industry make on-farm management decisions on live cattle before slaughter and improve profitability. Modelers need to continually assess and improve their models but with a caveat of: (1) striving to minimize inputs, and (2) choosing on-farm inputs that are readily available.","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140715425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Composition and Digestible and Metabolizable Energy Contents in Cold-pressed Canola Expellers Fed to Growing Pigs","authors":"Oluwakemi Y Omotosho, B. Slominski, Yanxing Niu, C. Nyachoti, A. Rogiewicz","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae060","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cold-pressed canola expellers (CPCE) is a by-product of canola oil production obtained using pressing method without thermal and chemical treatment. While CPCE is a valuable source of dietary energy and protein in swine nutrition, the discrepancy in processing conditions leads to variability in the nutritional quality of CPCE from different sources. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition, and digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) values of CPCE when fed to growing pigs. Samples of CPCE were collected from five processing facilities across Western Canada. The physical appearance of the CPCE samples hinted a potential quality variation. Samples were subjected to a complete chemical characterization. Variations (P<0.05) were observed in the chemical composition, with the exception of non-phytate phosphorus, xylose, mannose and galactose. On a g/kg dry matter (DM) basis, CPCE samples ranged as follow: ether extract (EE) from 85 to 177; crude protein (CP) from 351 to 419; neutral detergent fiber (NDF) 231 to 300; total dietary fiber from 326 to 373; glycoproteins from 30 to 76; non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from 188 to 204, non-phytate phosphorus from 5.5 to 6.4, and gross energy (GE) in kcal/kg 5,027 to 5,635. The total glucosinolates (GLS) ranged from 5.0 to 9.7 µmol/g DM. Thirty-six (36) growing barrows, with an average initial body weight of 19.2 ± 1.0kg, were individually housed in metabolism crates and assigned to one of six experimental diets in a completely randomized design, with six pigs per diet. The diets included a corn-soybean meal (SBM)-based basal diet (100%) and five (5) experimental diets in which 18% of the basal diet was substituted with CPCE from different producers. Pigs were fed the experimental diets for 10 days, with 5-day adaptation period, followed by a 5-day period for the total, but separate, collection of feces and urine. Significant differences (P < 0.05) among processing plants were observed in the DE and ME contents of CPCE, which averaged 3,531 and 3,172 kcal/kg DM, respectively. Differences (P<0.05) were noted in the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE, nitrogen (N), as well as in the retention of DM, GE, and N in CPCE samples. In conclusion, while the chemical composition and values of DE and ME in cold-pressed canola expellers vary among processors, the by-product obtained through cold pressing process can be a valuable source of energy and protein for pig nutrition.","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140714358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and use of dry-rolled hybrid rye grain as a replacement for barley grain on growth performance and carcass quality of feedlot steers","authors":"Fuquan Zhang, R. E. Carey, Rebecca S. Brattain, Herman Wehrle, G. B. Penner","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae059","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The objectives were to compare cereal grain and straw yield between barley and hybrid rye (HR), and to evaluate whether the inclusion of dry-rolled HR grain as a replacement for barley grain affected feed intake and growth for growing cattle, and feed intake, growth, and carcass characteristics for finishing cattle. Crop yield was measured by directly weighing harvested grain and straw bales (n=3 plots/grain type). Three-hundred sixty steers with an initial body weight (BW) of 348 ± 40 kg were stratified by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 24 pens during the growing phase (n=8; 65 d). The control diet (BCON) included 60.22% barley grain with HR included by replacing 50 (BMID) or 100% (BHIGH) of the barley grain on a dry matter (DM) basis. Steers were re-randomized for the finishing phase (n=6; 118 d) and treatments included a control diet containing 88.60% barley grain (FCON) with HR replacing 33 (FLOW), 67 (FMED), or 100% (FHIGH) of the barley grain (DM basis). The grain yield was greater (P = 0.04) and straw yield tended (P = 0.06) to be less for HR than barley. There were no effects of HR inclusion on DM intake (DMI) or G:F during the growing phase, but ADG responded quadratically (P = 0.02) with cattle fed 50% HR having the greatest gain. During finishing, DMI decreased linearly as HR grain inclusion increased (P < 0.01). Average daily gain initially increased from FCON to FLOW followed by a decrease with increasing HR inclusion (quadratic, P < 0.01), but G:F was not affected. Hot carcass weight was greatest for FCON with the magnitude of difference between FCON and the HR treatments increasing with increasing inclusion of HR (quadratic, P = 0.02). There was a linear increase in dressing percentage (P = 0.02) and a linear reduction in back fat thickness (P = 0.04) with increasing inclusion of HR. Increasing the inclusion of HR during finishing cubically (P < 0.01) affected the proportion of minor and severe liver abscesses with an average of 34.60% severely abscessed livers when HR was included compared to 11.11% for BCON. Hybrid rye may have greater grain yield than barley, and partial replacement of barley grain with HR may improve ADG without affecting DMI or G:F during the growing phase. However, replacing barley grain in finishing diets with HR decreases DMI, increases risk minor and severe liver abscesses, but does not affect feed conversion, suggesting HR should not replace more than 33% of the barley grain to maintain ADG.","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140715732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burlap and buddies: the effects of social enrichment (preweaning mixing) and object enrichment (burlap) on piglet behavior and welfare in the postweaning environment","authors":"Ashlyn Scott, Arielle Le Heiget, Reyna Stefanson, Jamie Ahloy-Dallaire, Meagan King","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The process of weaning piglets in commercial swine operations subjects them to numerous abrupt and stressful changes often resulting in negative welfare consequences. The objective was to study the postweaning effects of early-life (1 to 3 d of age) preweaning socialization in multi-litter groups as well as object enrichment (burlap sheet) in the pre- and postweaning environment by comparing six treatments that combined mixing of one vs. two vs. four litters mixed preweaning with and without burlap provision. An ANOVA linear model was run on all normal data, expressed per experimental unit (and behavior data were averaged over time), while non-normal data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Non-enriched groups of piglets were observed manipulating pen objects more often than the enriched groups (P = 0.005). Biting behaviors, including the chewing of ears and tails of pen-mates but excluding fighting, were observed the least in groups of pigs of four litters mixed preweaning, while piglets that were not mixed preweaning were observed biting the most (P = 0.03). Piglets who were not mixed preweaning also manipulated the burlap more frequently than the piglets from groups of 4 litters mixed preweaning (P = 0.02). Biting (P < 0.001) and displacements (P = 0.03) and fighting (P = 0.002) throughout the pen were observed less in the enriched groups. There were fewer lesions per pig in the enriched groups vs. non-enriched groups initially (P = 0.07) and 1 wk after weaning (P = 0.10). Furthermore, pigs mixed in groups of four litters preweaning also tended to have lower lesion scores (P = 0.07) 1-wk postweaning compared to the other treatments. However, there were no differences between treatments in the proportion of piglets resting, eating/drinking, being active, or using the burlap, or for the observed frequency of displacements at the feeder, social behaviors, or belly nosing (P > 0.10). Overall, social enrichment encourages socialization with unfamiliar conspecifics at a younger age while object enrichment allows pigs to redirect their attention toward objects such as burlap. Both may improve pig behavior and welfare after weaning.","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140725920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}