Translational Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"Effects of acupuncture treatment through acupoints in ears on transport stress in domestic pigs.","authors":"Hiroaki Kawaguchi, Moe Ijiri, Motohiko Sato, Chihiro Kanno, Hiroshi Miura, Hisaya K Ono, Yoshikazu Fujimoto, Tomohide Matsuo","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf030","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of acupuncture treatment through ear acupoints on transport stress in domestic pigs. Experiment 1 [Safety test of new starch-circular transdermal needles (CTNs)]: Four experimental minipigs underwent the application of starch-CTNs to ear acupoints, and they were observed for 2 wk to identify any gross abnormalities. Experiment 2 (Transport stress experiment): thirty-four domestic pigs were divided into three groups: Group 1: control without treatment; Group 2: acupuncture treatment using stainless-CTNs; Group 3: acupuncture treatment using starch-CTNs. Blood samples were collected on bloodletting in the slaughterhouse, and stress and oxidative stress markers, and other biochemical factors were examined. Experiment 3 (Follow-up study): The incidence of abnormal internal organs on carcass inspection was investigated. In Experiment 1, no abnormalities were observed in any of the animals. In Experiment 2, the acupuncture treatment improved the changes in blood cortisol, noradrenaline, derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP)/d-ROMs ratio. In Experiment 3, The acupuncture treatment improved rates of an abnormal digestive tract, pancreas, and heart. In conclusion, it was suggested that the acupuncture treatment through acupoints in ears using stainless- and new starch-CTNs suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function, central catecholaminergic system, and affects blood oxidative stress, and consequently reduces transport stress, and can improve animal welfare for domestic pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf030"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> fermentation product on ruminal fermentation, total tract digestibility, blood proinflammatory cytokines, and plasma metabolome of Holstein steers fed a high-grain diet.","authors":"Yun Jiang, Anjan Dhungana, Oluwaseun A Odunfa, Megan McCoun, Jodi McGill, Ilkyu Yoon, Ibukun Ogunade","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf058","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess the impact of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> fermentation product (SCFP) on digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and plasma metabolome of Holstein steers fed a high-grain diet. Steers were fed diet with 80% concentrate and 20% corn silage once daily ad libitum. Steers were stratified based on initial body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to two treatments: 1) control (CON), a basal diet without SCFP; 2) basal diet + 12 g/head/day SCFP, top-dressed. Eight rumen-cannulated Holstein steers (<b>BW</b>: 580 ± 29.2 kg) were enrolled in a crossover design study with 25-d treatment periods and a 24-d washout period. Dry matter intake (DMI) was calculated from daily feed offered and refusals. Blood was collected before morning feeding on day 25 of each period. Rumen fluid was collected at 0, 4, 8 and 12 h post-feeding on d 25. Fecal samples were collected from d 22 to 24 for digestibility measures. Statistical analyses were performed with the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS, 2023). Supplementing SCFP had no effect on digestibility of organic matter (OM, <i>P</i> = 0.63), crude protein (CP, <i>P</i> = 0.97), neutral detergent fiber (NDF, <i>P</i> = 0.59), and acid detergent fiber (ADF, <i>P</i> = 0.84). Treatment did not affect fecal excretion of nitrogen (N, <i>P</i> = 0.69), phosphorus (P, <i>P</i> = 0.24), copper (Cu, <i>P</i> = 0.71), and zinc (Zn, <i>P</i> = 0.95). Supplementing SCFP increased (6.29 vs. 6.01, <i>P</i> = 0.01) ruminal pH compared to CON. Lactic acid concentrations were similar between treatments (P = 0.17) and low in both groups (0.09mM vs. 0.28mM). Treatment did not affect ruminal total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations (<i>P</i> > 0.10) but decreased butyrate molar proportion (<i>P</i> = 0.01) and tended to increase the molar proportions of isobutyrate (<i>P</i> = 0.06) and isovalerate (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.10). Treatment had no effect on the in vitro production of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β (<i>P</i> > 0.11) and IL-6 (<i>P</i> > 0.12), in the whole blood in response to various toll-like receptor stimulants. Plasma pathways of purine metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and lysine degradation were enriched (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) by feeding SCFP. Overall, supplementing SCFP did not affect total tract digestibility, fecal excretions of macro minerals but enhanced ruminal pH in cattle fed a high-grain diet. Furthermore, feeding SCFP enriched several important plasma pathways related to protein metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12086543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of dietary <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> fermentation product on markers of inflammation and cartilage metabolism in young exercising horses challenged with intra-articular lipopolysaccharide.","authors":"Grace E Moore, Jessica L Leatherwood, Kati G Glass, Carolyn E Arnold, Brittany L Paris, Margaret M Carter, James M George, Alyson B Fontenot, Rafael E Martinez, Mark A Franklin, Sharon A Norton, Amanda N Bradbery, Tryon A Wickersham","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaf042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective was to evaluate dietary <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> fermentation product (SCFP) on joint inflammation and cartilage metabolism in exercising yearlings challenged with intra-articular lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hypothesizing dietary SCFP (TruEquine^®C, Diamond V Mills, Inc.) would ameliorate joint inflammation and increase cartilage metabolism. Thirty Quarter Horse yearlings were stratified by bodyweight (BW), age, sex, and randomly assigned to dietary treatments (n = 10/treatment): control (0), 46, or 92 mg/kg BW/d SCFP. Treatments were top-dressed to 1% BW/d concentrate void of added microbials. Horses were stalled (3.6 m × 7.3 m), offered ad libitum Coastal bermudagrass hay, and exercised 30 min/d, 5 d/wk. On days 0, 21, 42, and 56, wither height, hip height, heart girth, body length, body condition scores (BCS), and BW were recorded. On day 46, one radial carpal joint received 0.8 mL of a 0.5 ng LPS solution or sterile lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) in the contralateral joint. Synovial fluid was collected pre- (0) and 6, 12, 24, and 336 hours post-injection and analyzed for prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), carboxypropeptide of type II collagen (CPII), and collagenase cleavage neopeptide (C2C) via commercial ELISA, and chemokines (CCL2, and CCL11) and cytokines (TNF <math><mstyle><mi>α</mi></mstyle> </math> and IL-10) via multiplex platform. Rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), and carpal circumference (CC) were recorded prior to arthrocentesis. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. By day 56, growth parameters increased (<i>P</i> < 0.01), BCS did not change (<i>P</i> = 0.39), and BW had a treatment × d interaction (<i>P</i> = 0.02) where control tended to be heavier than 92 mg/kg BW on day 56 (<i>P</i> = 0.07). Clinical parameters (RT, HR, RR, CC) were uninfluenced by diet (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.29) but varied over time (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.03). Treatments did not influence cartilage metabolism (CPII, C2C, and CPII:C2C) (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.46) or logPGE₂, logCCL2, CCL11, or logIL-10 (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.23). There was a treatment × h interaction for CCL11 (<i>P</i> = 0.04) where control was greater than SCFP groups at h 6. LogIL-10 had a treatment × h interaction where 46 mg/kg BW was lower than control and 92 mg/kg BW at h 12 (<i>P</i> = 0.05). There was a main effect of treatment for TNF <math><mstyle><mi>α</mi></mstyle> </math> (<i>P</i> = 0.04) where 92 mg/kg BW was lower than 46 mg/kg BW and tended to be lower than control. Results indicate that SCFP didn't influence cartilage metabolism or PGE₂, though SCFP may ameliorate inflammatory cytokines and chemokines following an acute, intra-articular insult.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf042"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pulse-dosing an essential oil blend to dairy cows on enteric methane emissions and productivity.","authors":"Julia Quinn Fouts, Silvia Grossi, Juan M Tricarico, Ermias Kebreab","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf056","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective was to investigate the effects of pulse-dosing the essential oil blend, Agolin Ruminant (EOB), to dairy cows on methane (CH₄) production (g/d) and intensity (g/kg milk or energy-corrected milk (ECM)), as well as lactation performance, on a commercial farm. Seventy-two multiparous, mid-lactation cows were blocked by days in milk, parity, and milk yield and housed in a single pen. After a 2-wk covariate period, cows within each block were randomly assigned to one of two treatments for 10 wk: Control (blank pellets) and EOBP (blank pellets and EOB pellets). The pellets were delivered through double-hopper GreenFeed (GF) units. Hopper 1 of each GF unit contained EOB pellets, formulated to supply ~1 g EOB from the first daily drop of pellets for each EOBP cow. Hopper 2 dispensed blank pellets for the remaining daily drops to EOBP cows and for all drops to Control cows. Enteric gases were measured via the GF units. Milk yields and components were obtained twice weekly, and dry matter intake (DMI) was calculated weekly using milk data, body weight, and body condition score. Overall, cows receiving EOB tended to have lower milk lactose concentration. In week 7, EOBP cows outperformed Control cows in milk yield, ECM, yields of milk protein, lactose, and solids-nonfat, modeled DMI, and CH₄ intensity. Inherent limitations of administering EOB through the GF units, as well as a low number of CH₄ measurements occurring after peak fermentation, may have contributed to the lack of consistent treatment differences. Our efforts to administer a feed additive to individual cows, and our consideration of how farm management practices influenced the results, contribute to the progress of on-farm CH₄ research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf056"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12086541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of ovulation synchronization with OvuGel on ovarian follicles and fertility responses to a single fixed time insemination in different parities and seasons.","authors":"Lidia S Arend, Amanda M Minton, Clint R Schwab, Caleb M Shull, Stephen G Buysse, Mike E Johnston, Catherine M Roaten, Christopher L Anderson, Stephen K Webel, Robert V Knox","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf052","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing use of semen from superior sires can accelerate genetic improvement when using a single fixed-time AI (SFTAI) to reduce the number of sperm required to produce a litter. The objectives of this study were to: 1) Assess whether follicle development, ovulation, and insemination was altered by parity and season in OvuGel and Controls; 2) Determine the impact of Day of OvuGel administration and estrus in Controls; and 3) Evaluate OvuGel and Control interactions with parity and season on farrowing rate and litter size. The experiment was performed in replicates in summer and fall with sows assigned from Monday and Thursday wean groups by parity to OvuGel or Control after weaning (Day 0). Sows received OvuGel (n = 1,636) on Days 3, 4 or 5 based on proestrus or estrus symptoms and then a SFTAI 24 h later. Controls with a wean to estrus interval of 3 to 6 d (n = 1,676) received an AI on each day standing. Ovaries of a sub-population of the Thursday weaned sows (n = 445) were scanned by ultrasound. The number (17.5) and size (7.0 mm) of ovulatory follicles on Day 4 did not differ between treatments, but P1 and P2 sows had smaller follicles and sows weaned in Sep-Oct had fewer and smaller sized follicles (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). OvuGel increased (<i>P</i> = 0.004) ovulation by Day 6 (92.2%) compared to Control (79.4%). Sows with large follicles on Day 4 were more likely to ovulate (87.8%, <i>P</i> < 0.0001) by Day 6 than those with medium (62.1%). Although there was no interaction with parity, ovulation was lower in the Control for parities 1, 2, and ≥ 7. OvuGel treatment on Days 3 or 5 reduced (<i>P</i> = 0.0003) farrowing rate (FR) by 7 to 11% and were excluded from further analyses. Day 4 OvuGel treatment had no effect on FR (86.7 vs. 87.4%) or total born (TB) compared to Control (13.2 vs. 13.4), respectively. Interactions were due to OvuGel improving FR in P1 sows (87.9 vs. 76.5%) and for sows weaned in Jul-Aug (89.2 vs. 83.4%) compared to Control, respectively. There was an effect of day of weaning that was linked to semen storage (<i>P</i> = 0.02) indicating 4 to 5 d (84.5%) reduced FR compared to ≤ 3 d (91.3%). The effect was evident with the SFTAI but not Control and was thought to originate with changes in fertility with additional days of handling and storage in summer. The results indicate OvuGel treatment on Day 4 at proestrus or estrus and followed by a SFTAI has great potential to mimic the fertility performance of conventionally inseminated sows.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf052"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12124252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grazed bite item diversity of beef cows grazing semi-natural grassland in relation to herbage nutritive value and the actually available diversity of bite items.","authors":"Caroline Siede, Alina Juch, Wiebke Pohlmann, Dina Hamidi, Johannes Isselstein, Martin Komainda","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf053","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heterogeneous extensive grassland offers herbivores a variation of potential bite items (BI) from which they can select. But there is a lack of knowledge on the relationship between the actually available (BI_a) and the grazed (BI_g) BI diversity albeit this information is essential to understand grass sward composition. We assessed the BI_a in the sward and the BI_g to evaluate the BI diversity under two grazing intensities in two seasons in the replicated long-term grazing experiment Forbioben. The BI_a diversity was measured pre-grazing using a modified sward stick (200 measurement points per 1-ha paddock) whereby at each point the botanical composition, phenological stage, color and height were recorded and consequently structured into BI_a. Herbage samples were taken for each BI and analyzed via near-infrared-reflectance spectroscopy for the concentration of crude protein (CP), acid-detergent fiber in the organic matter (ADF), in vitro digestibility of the organic matter (ivdOM) and metabolizable energy (ME) and labeled as grazed and non-grazed. For the BI_g diversity each cow was observed in the morning and afternoon four times, 2 min each on 1 d each season using an app for counting the bites and following video analysis to determine the composition of the BI_g. A reduction in growth rates during the hot and dry summer might have caused the decline of BI_a diversity of 25% under moderate and 22% under lenient grazing towards autumn (p < 0.0001). This also influenced the BI_g as in spring 50% and 53% of the BI_a diversity were grazed under moderate and lenient grazing, respectively. In autumn only 36% and 28% were grazed, respectively corresponding well to the generally lower herbage nutritive value of BI in autumn as the offered grassland resource changed over time and provided greater ivdOM and ME in spring compared to autumn (p < 0.0001). This shows a greater selectivity from the limited choice in autumn. All cows were able to maintain a good quality diet irrespective of grazing intensity which is underlined by the fact that the digestibility of ingested herbage was the same among the grazing intensities but greater in spring than in autumn.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf053"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of feed withdrawal prior to marketing to improve carcass yield and reduce feed cost in finishing pigs.","authors":"Hilario M Cordoba, Joel M DeRouchey, Jason C Woodworth, Mike D Tokach, Robert D Goodband, Jordan T Gebhardt","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaf046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fasting pigs prior to harvest benefits food safety and pork quality. Studies have examined the effect of feed withdrawal prior to marketing applied on groups of pigs marketed at one time but not across multiple marketing events. Therefore, this study determined the effects of three feed withdrawal times before the first and final marketing event on pig performance, carcass traits, and economic return. A total of 695 finishing pigs (117.6 ± 1.06 kg) were allotted in a randomized complete block design and assigned to 1 of 3 treatments (24 pens per treatment; 9 to 10 pigs per pen). Treatments consisted of 12, 18, or 24 h (including transportation and lairage) of feed withdrawal prior to harvest to determine its effects on hot carcass weight (HCW), carcass yield, and economic costs vs. benefits of pigs marketed at two different marketing events (3 heaviest pigs per pen marketed 14-d prior to the final marketing of all remaining pigs). There were no differences in growth performance during the 14-d period between marketing events. However, pigs with 24 h of feed withdrawal prior to harvest had lower (<i>P</i> < 0.05) live BW at the first marketing event and at both events combined than pigs with 12 h of feed withdrawal. For carcass responses, pigs at the final marketing with 12 h of feed withdrawal prior to harvest had increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) HCW compared to pigs with 24 h of feed withdrawal, leading to a tendency (<i>P</i> = 0.055) for increased HCW overall for the combined marketing events (0.5 kg heavier). When evaluating carcass yield using live weights at 24 h prior to harvest, pigs in the final marketing group with 12 h of feed withdrawal prior to harvest had greater yield (<i>P</i> < 0.05) than pigs marketed with 24 h of feed withdrawal; however, using live weights 12 h prior to harvest to calculate yield, pigs with 24 h of feed withdrawal prior to harvest had increased yield (<i>P</i> < 0.05) compared to pigs marketed with 12 h of feed withdrawal for both marketing events. There were no differences in backfat, loin depth, and percentage lean between treatments. Feed consumed and cost were reduced (<i>P</i> < 0.05) with 24 h treatment compared to 12 h in the overall period. In conclusion, withholding feed at the first marketing event did not impact pigs' growth performance or HCW. However, carcass yield was affected by the feed withdrawal time prior to harvest, with greater HCW for pigs with 12 h compared to 24 h of feed withdrawal at the final marketing event.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf046"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short communication: thermotolerance and residual feed intake in <i>Bos-indicus</i> crossbred beef heifers.","authors":"Gleise M Silva, Federico Podversich, Aghata Elins M Silva, Arturo Macias Franco, Angela Gonella-Diaza, Raluca G Mateescu, Nicolas DiLorenzo","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf051","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the relationship between thermotolerance and residual feed intake (RFI) in <i>Bos indicus</i> crossbred replacement beef heifers. In the summer of 2019, vaginal body temperatures were recorded from 654 heifers to identify the most and the least heat-tolerant animals based on changes in body temperature throughout the day. From this group of heifers, 27 were ranked in the summer as either heat-tolerant (n = 14; thermotolerant) or least heat-tolerant (n = 13; non-thermotolerant) to enroll in a 42-d feed efficiency test conducted in the fall. The maximum body temperature minus the 0700 h body temperature difference between the groups was 0.19 °C for thermotolerant and 1.2 for non-thermotolerant heifers (<i>P</i> < 0.01). In the fall, selected heifers (398 ± 11.3 kg of body weight [BW]; approximately 720 d of age) were randomly allocated into four concrete-floored pens, each with two GrowSafe feed bunks, and fed a common ad libitum total mixed ration (16.9% crude protein, 52% total digestible nutrients on a DM basis) for a 56-d period (14 d of adaptation followed by 42 d of evaluation). Body weight was collected on d -1, 0, 14, 28, 41, and 42, while fall body temperature was recorded (10 min intervals for 4 consecutive d) from d 29 to 32 of the study, using temperature probes placed intravaginally with a hormone-free controlled internal drug release device. Final BW, average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), DMI as a percentage of BW, RFI, and body temperature were analyzed as a completely randomized design. Final BW, ADG, DMI, and body temperature collected during the feeding period were not affected by thermotolerance phenotype (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.42); however, heifers previously classified as thermotolerant had decreased RFI (<i>P</i> = 0.01; -1.32 vs. 1.27 ± 3.31 kg, respectively) and DMI as a percentage of BW (<i>P</i> = 0.01) when compared with non-thermotolerant heifers. In conclusion, <i>Bos indicus</i> crossbred replacement beef heifers previously classified as thermotolerant based on multiple body temperature measurements collected throughout the summer had decreased RFI when measured in the fall, indicating the potential of feed efficiency in heat-tolerant beef heifers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf051"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12132792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of replacing peanut vine with extruded rape straw on growth, nutrient digestibility, energy metabolism, microbial crude protein synthesis, meat amino acid and fatty acid profiles of finishing lambs.","authors":"Daiyi Yang, Tongyu Sun, Yongjie Zheng, Morteza H Ghaffari, Yanling Huang, Yuanfeng Sun, Xiaoyang Li, Tao Ma","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf044","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peanut crop residues such as peanut vine are widely used to feed small ruminants as roughage in Asia, where the population of sheep and goat takes a large proportion in the world. Compared to peanut vine, straw is considered as a less nutritious but promising roughage source due to high availability and low price. Extrusion is a process to improve the palatability and digestibility of the feed. Here, we investigated the effects of replacing peanut vine with extruded rape straw on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, energy metabolism, microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis, and amino acid and fatty acid profiles in the <i>longissimus thoracic</i> (LT) of finishing lambs. Twenty-four 2-mo-old male Hu lambs of similar body weight (19.5 ± 1.0 kg) were fed two diets containing either peanut vine (CON, n = 12) or extruded rape straw (TRT, n = 12) as the only roughage source. The dietary concentrate to forage ratio was 70:30. Lambs were fed twice daily and had ad libitum access to feed and clean water. The experiment lasted 120 d, including a 30-d adaptation period. Lambs were weighed every 30 d. Digestibility trial was conducted during the 81 to 90 d of the experiment. At the end of the experiments, lambs were slaughtered for ruminal fluid and meat sample collection. Data were analyzed using mixed model with repeated measures, Student's t-test, or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. No difference in growth performance, apparent digestibility of nutrients, or energy utilization efficiency was observed, except for the apparent digestibility of ether extract, which was greater (<i>P </i>= 0.008) for lambs in the TRT group. In addition, the MCP estimated using urinary purine derivatives (<i>P</i> = 0.072) tended to be greater in the lambs of the TRT group. The concentration of most amino acids and fatty acids was not different in the LT sample of two groups of lambs, while the concentration of Met (<i>P</i> = 0.044) was greater, and that of myristoleic acid (C14:1) (<i>P</i> = 0.010), heptadecenoic acid (C17:1) (<i>P</i> < 0.001), trans-linoleic acid (C18:2n6t) (<i>P</i> = 0.003) and gamma-linolenic acid (C18:3n6) (<i>P</i> < 0.001) were lower in the LT sample of lambs from TRT group. In conclusion, extruded rape straw can effectively replace peanut vine in the diet of lambs without compromising health or nutrient utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf044"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield of hybrid rye silage and its use as a replacement for barley silage on feed intake, growth performance, and carcass quality of growing and finishing steers.","authors":"Fuquan Zhang, Rebecca S Brattain, Herman Wehrle, Vern Baron, Gabriel O Ribeiro, Gregory B Penner","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaf048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study compared the yield of barley and hybrid rye when harvested for silage, and evaluated the effects of replacing barley silage (BARS) with hybrid rye silage (HRS) on dry matter intake (DMI), growth, and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers. The whole-plant hybrid rye (late milk) and barley (soft dough) were each harvested from 3 replicate 7.85-ha plots in 2022 and 2023 and ensiled (n = 3/treatment/yr). In each year, 192 steers were allocated to 1 of 16 pens in a completely randomized block design for growing (4 pens/treatment/yr) and finishing (5 or 6 pens/treatment/yr) phases. Treatments during the growing phase (84 d) included a control diet (GCON) that contained 60% BARS, and in the remaining treatments HRS replaced 33 (GLOW), 67 (GMED), or 100% (GHIGH) of the BARS (DM basis). Steers were then re-randomized and allocated to 1 of 16 pens for the finishing phase with diets that contained (DM basis) 10% BARS (FCON) or diets where HRS replaced 50% (FMED) or 100% (FHIGH) of the BARS. Steers were fed for 112 d. Forage DM yield did not differ between whole plant hybrid rye and barley (3.96 vs. 3.70 mT/ha). During the growing phase, increasing the HRS inclusion at the expense of BARS decreased DMI (quadratic, <i>P </i>= 0.02), average daily gain (ADG; quadratic, <i>P</i> < 0.01), and final BW (quadratic, <i>P</i> = 0.02) with the magnitude of the response increasing with increasing HRS inclusion. In addition, the gain:feed (G:F) ratio linearly decreased (<i>P </i>< 0.01) with increasing HRS inclusion. During finishing, DMI tended to linearly decrease (<i>P </i>= 0.06), ADG decreased and then increased (quadratic, <i>P </i>= 0.04) with the lowest ADG observed for FMED, while G:F was unaffected. Carcass weight for steers fed FMED and FHIGH did not differ but were lighter (quadratic, <i>P</i> = 0.02) than FCON, and dressing percentage decreased linearly from 58.81 to 58.34% (<i>P</i> = 0.03) as HRS inclusion increased. Carcass yield grade and marbling were unaffected. Increasing HRS inclusion at the expense of BARS linearly decreased the proportion of steers with minor (<i>P </i>= 0.02) and severe (<i>P </i>= 0.04) liver abscesses. In conclusion, while forage yield may not differ between hybrid rye and barley, increasing the inclusion rate of HRS in diets for growing steers reduced DMI and ADG. During finishing, increasing the inclusion of HRS may decrease DMI and resulted in lighter hot carcass weight without affecting carcass yield grade or marbling.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf048"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}