Translational Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of orally administered <i>Megasphaera elsdenii</i> in steer calves abruptly transitioned from a receiving diet with 4% dietary starch to a growing diet with 38% dietary starch.","authors":"Forest L Francis, Warren C Rusche, Zachary K Smith","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae113","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of orally administered <i>Megasphaera elsdenii</i> NCIMB 41125 as a microbial supplement in steers abruptly transitioned from a receiving diet with 4% dietary starch (dry matter [DM] basis) to a growing diet with 38% dietary starch (DM basis). Steers (<i>n</i> = 192; initial shrunk body weight [SBW] = 309 ± 20.6 kg) were assigned to microbial supplement treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were control (CON): no microbial supplement prior to diet transition, and (DFM): microbial supplement orally administered prior to diet transition (20 mL of microbial supplement [Lactipro NXT, Axiota Animal Health, Fort Collins, CO] containing 1 × 10¹⁰ colony forming units <i>Megasphaera elsdenii</i> NCIMB 41125). Steers were sourced from a previously conducted 49 d feedlot receiving period experiment and abruptly transitioned from a receiving diet including soybean hulls and wheatlage containing 4% dietary starch (DM basis) to a growing diet including high-moisture ear corn, dry-rolled corn, and wheatlage containing 38% dietary starch (DM basis). Diets were switched on an equal DM intake basis to achieve the abrupt change and steers were fed the 38% starch diet for 49 d until experiment completion. Prior to experiment initiation, steers (<i>n</i> = 72; <i>n</i> = 3/pen) were fitted with wireless rumination tags to track daily activity and rumination time. No differences (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.20) were observed between treatments for final SBW, average daily gain, DM intake, feed efficiency, calculated net energy (NE) for maintenance and gain, or observed-to-expected ratio of NE for maintenance and gain. Additionally, no treatment × day or treatment differences (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.12) were observed for activity or rumination measures. Minutes ruminating and active both differed (<i>P</i> < 0.01) for the main effect of day. Compared to non-supplemented steers, oral administration of <i>Megasphaera elsdenii</i> NCIMB 41125 did not improve growth performance or efficiency of dietary NE utilization in steers transitioned from a receiving diet containing 4% starch (DM basis) to a growing diet containing 38% starch (DM basis).</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11322673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of dacitic (rhyolitic) tuff breccia and corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) inclusion on pellet mill electrical efficiency, production rate, and subsequent pellet quality","authors":"P. A. Badger, H. Otott, C. R. Stark, J. Ferrel, M. Sodak, J. Shepherd, M. Kapetanovich, K. Coble, C. B. Paulk","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae112","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of Azomite (AZO) and 30% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on pellet mill electrical consumption (kWh/MT), production rate, and pellet quality. Exp. 1 was conducted as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of diet formulation (0 or 30% DDGS), pellet mill (PM; 1 or 2) and AZO (0 or 0.25%) with 4 replications per treatment. Pellet mills were equipped with a 4.4 × 39.0 mm (L:D 8.9) or 4.4 × 35.8 mm (L:D 8.2) die with pellet mill production rates held constant at 31.8 metric ton (MT)/hour and conditioning temperature held constant at approximately 82℃. Exp. 2 was designed as a 2 × 2 factorial of treatments with 4 replicates per treatment to evaluate the impact of AZO and DDGS on pellet mill production rates and pellet quality. Pellet mill production rate was adjusted by the feeder screw to maintain 70% motor load, a 4.0 × 35.8 mm (L:D 8.75) pellet mill die was used, and conditioning temperature held constant at approximately 82℃. For Exp. 1, a DDGS × PM interaction (P = 0.040) was observed. Diets containing 30% DDGS had a decreased kWh/MT compared to the control when using PM 1, whereas no differences were observed for kWh/MT between 0 and 30% when using PM 2. A DDGS × PM interaction (P = 0.019) was observed for kWh/MT standard deviation (STD). Diets containing DDGS increased STD compared to the control when pelleted with PM 2; however, there was no evidence of difference between the DDGS and control diets when pelleted with PM 1. There was an AZO × DDGS interaction (P < 0.05) for kWh/ton STD. No differences were observed in kWh/ton STD when pelleting corn-soy diets with or without AZO while AZO reduced kWh/ton STD in 30% DDGS diets. Diets containing AZO had reduced kWh/MT and PDI compared to diets pelleted without AZO. Pellet durability index was improved (P < 0.05) for diets containing DDGS. For Exp. 2, diets containing AZO had increased (P < 0.05) pellet mill production rate compared to those without AZO. The inclusion of 30% DDGS reduced (P < 0.05) pellet mill production rate compared to the corn soy diet. There was a tendency for an AZO × DDGS interaction (P = 0.083) for PDI. Azomite inclusion to corn-soy diets reduced PDI while there was no evidence of difference in diets containing DDGS. In conclusion, the addition of 0.25% AZO to the diet improved pellet mill efficiency; however, this potentially leads to a reduced PDI depending on diet type and pellet mill settings.","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementing a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial improves feed efficiency in lactating dairy cows","authors":"Marta Terré, Norbert Prat, D. Sabrià, O. Queiroz, Jens N. Joergensen, G. Copani, B. Cappellozza","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae110","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on performance and nutrient digestibility of lactating dairy cows. Seventy-six lactating (42 ± 6 DIM) Holstein-Friesian primiparous and multiparous cows were enrolled to a 16-wk experiment. Cows were blocked by lactation number and DIM and within blocks, assigned to 1 of the 2 treatments: 1) basal partial mixed ration (PMR) without DFM addition (n = 38; CON) or 2) basal PMR with the addition of 3 g/head per day of a DFM containing B. licheniformis 809 and B. subtilis 810 (n = 38; BOVACILLUS™, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark; DFM). The DFM was mixed in a protein-based pellet, whereas the CON group was fed the same pellet without DFM (0.6 kg/cow per day). The PMR contained (DM basis) 50% of forage and 48% of a concentrate feed based on corn meal, soybean meal, wheat meal, wheat middlings, and a mineral-vitamin premix, with the remaining part of the diet being represented by the pellet used as a carrier for the treatments (CON and DFM). Dry matter intake, milk yield, and production efficiency were recorded daily, whereas milk protein and fat concentrations were recorded using electronic milk meters. An additional milk sample was collected every second week of the study for milk composition. On wk 15 of the study, fecal samples were collected from each cow for apparent nutrient digestibility calculation. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (version 9.4; SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). No treatment effects were observed on cow final BW, daily DMI, milk yield, ECM, ECM efficiency, milk composition (yield or content), and SCC (P ≥ 0.12). However, cows fed DFM had a greater feed and N efficiency (P ≤ 0.03) compared to cows fed CON. Moreover, DM digestibility tended to be greater for DFM-fed cows when compared to CON (P = 0.10), whereas no further nutrient digestibility differences were observed (P ≥ 0.24). In summary, supplementing a DFM containing Bacillus licheniformis and B. subtilis benefited feed efficiency of lactating dairy cows fed a PMR, while also tending to improve the digestibility of dry matter.","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analysis of the influence of pre-slaughter management factors on welfare and meat quality outcomes in fed beef cattle in the United States","authors":"Melissa Davis, Paxton Sullivan, Ann M Hess, Mahesh N Nair, Daniel F Mooney, L. Edwards-Callaway","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae108","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 During the pre-slaughter phase, cattle are transported from their place of origin to a slaughter facility, experiencing transportation, lairage, environmental factors, and novel environments. Although research exists that has evaluated how the pre-slaughter phase impacts cattle welfare and meat quality, some significant pre-slaughter management factors and subsequent welfare and meat quality outcomes have not been thoroughly explored. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of pre-slaughter management factors on welfare and meat quality outcomes in fed beef cattle in the United States. Transportation factors, environmental characteristics, lairage factors, cattle characteristics and several meat quality variables were collected from five federally inspected commercial processing facilities in the United States. After excluding slaughter lots that included <75% complete data sets, a total of 619 slaughter lots representing 84,508 head of cattle were used for further analysis. Predictor variables of interest included processing plant, cattle breed, sex class, operation shift at the plant, distance travelled to the plant, truck waiting time to unload at the plant, lairage duration and space allowance, temperature humidity index (THI), and windspeed. Outcome variables of interest included cattle mobility, carcass bruising, dark cutting (DC), quality grades (QG), and hot carcass weights (HCW). All statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.4. Logistic and linear regressions were used to analyze the associations between the predictor and outcomes variables of interest. Increased distance travelled and truck waiting time were associated with higher odds of mobility impairment (P = 0.0009 and P = 0.007, respectively), with each 10 km increase in distance travelled having an odds ratio (OR) of 1.001 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.000-1.001) and each 1-minute increase in waiting time having an OR of 1.003 (CI: 1.001-1.004). Conversely, a 10 km increase in distance travelled decreased the odds of carcass bruising (OR: 0.997, CI: 0.996-0.998; P < 0.0001). Longer lairage was associated with increased odds of DC (P = 0.0415), with each 60-minute increase in duration having an OR of 1.034 (CI: 1.001-1.068). The results demonstrate the importance of truck arrival management (i.e., scheduling, prioritizing unloading) on mobility. Focusing on lairage management (i.e., density and time) may provide some opportunities to improve meat quality.","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of forage quality and narasin inclusion on ruminal fermentation, nutrient intake, and total tract digestibility of Nellore steers","authors":"Matheus Felipe Freitas Viana de Paula, Rodrigo S Marques, A. Pires, L. C. Soares, A. C. Limede, E. M. Ferreira, D. M. Polizel","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae107","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study aimed to evaluate the effects of forage quality and narasin inclusion on intake, digestibility, and ruminal fermentation of Nellore steers. Twenty-eight rumen-cannulated Nellore steers [initial body weight (BW) = 350 ± 32.4 kg] were allocated to individual pens in a randomized complete block design, with 7 blocks, defined according to the fasting BW at the beginning of the experiment. The steers were randomly assigned within blocks to 1 of 4 experimental diets in 2 × 2 factorial arrangements, being the first-factor forage quality (MEDIUM = 81 g of CP/ kg of DM, and HIGH = 153 g of CP/ kg of DM), and the second factor was the inclusion (N13 = diet plus 13 mg/kg of DM of narasin) or not (N0) of narasin (Zimprova; Elanco Animal Health, São Paulo, Brazil). The experiment consisted of a 28 d period with 22 d for adaptation and the last 6 days for data collection. No haylage quality × narasin interaction (P ≥ 0.68) was observed on dry matter and nutrient intake. Haylage quality affected (P ≤ 0.01) DM intake, with greater values observed for steers fed HIGH compared with MEDIUM haylage. There was an increase (P < 0.001) in OM, NDF, hemicellulose, and CP intake for steers consuming HIGH vs. MEDIUM haylage. Including N13 did not affect (P > 0.39) DM and nutrient intake of steers. No haylage quality × narasin interactions were detected (P ≥ 0.60) for total tract nutrient digestibility. However, steers fed with HIGH haylage showed an increase (P > 0.001) in DM and digestibility of all nutrients compared with MEDIUM. Steers fed a MEDIUM haylage had a greater (P < 0.01) proportion of acetate compared with steers fed HIGH during all evaluated hours. Steers fed HIGH haylage had a greater (P < 0.01) proportion of propionate at 0 h compared with steers consuming MEDIUM, whereas at 12 h, steers consuming MEDIUM hay had a greater (P < 0.01) proportion of propionate vs. HIGH haylage. A haylage quality × narasin and haylage quality × time of collection interactions were detected (P ≤ 0.03) for rumen ammonia concentration, which was reduced (P < 0.03) in N13 vs. N0 steers consuming HIGH haylage. Collectively, high-quality haylage allows increased consumption and digestibility, with more energy-efficient ruminal fermentation. In addition, narasin might be an important nutritional tool in forage-based diets to enhance ruminal fermentation parameters of Bos Indicus Nellore steers.","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional guide to feeding wheat and wheat co-products to swine: a review","authors":"Ethan B. Stas, J. DeRouchey, R. Goodband, M. Tokach, J. Woodworth, J. Gebhardt","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae106","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Inclusion of wheat grain can offer feeding opportunities in swine diets because of its high starch, crude protein (CP), amino acid (AA), and phosphorus (P) content. High concentrations of starch within wheat grain makes it a good energy source for swine. Mean energy content of wheat was 4,900 and 3,785 kcal/kg DM for digestible energy and metabolizable energy, respectively. Crude protein concentration can vary based on the class of wheat which include hard red winter, hard red spring, soft red winter, hard white, soft white, and durum. The average CP of all wheat data collected in this review was 12.6% with a range of 8.5 to 17.6%. The AA concentration of wheat increases with increasing CP with the mean Lys content of 0.38% with a standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of 76.8%. As CP of wheat increases, the SID of AA in wheat also increases. Mean P of wheat was 0.27% and median P was 0.30%. Off-quality wheat is often associated with sprouts, low-test weight, or mycotoxin-contamination. Sprouted and low-test weight wheat are physical abnormalities associated with decreased starch within wheat kernel that leads to reductions in energy. The assumed energy value of wheat grain may need to be reduced by up to 10% when the proportion of sprouted to non-sprouted wheat is up to 40% whereas above 40%, wheat’s energy may need to be reduced by 15 to 20%. Low-test weight wheat appears to not influence pig performance unless it falls below 644 kg/m3 and then energy value should be decreased by 5% compared to normal wheat. Deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination is most common with wheat grain. When content is above the guidance level of 1 mg/kg of DON in the complete diet, each 1 mg/kg increase in a DON contaminated wheat-based diet will result in a 11 and 6% reduction in ADG and ADFI for nursery pigs, and a 2.7 and 2.6% reduction in ADG and ADFI, in finishing pigs, respectively. Wheat co-products are produced from the flour milling industry. Wheat co-products include wheat bran middlings, millrun, shorts, and red dog. Wheat co-products can be used in swine diets, but application may change because of differences in the final diet energy concentration due to changes in the starch and fiber levels of each wheat co-product. However, feeding wheat co-products are being evaluated to improve digestive health. Overall, wheat and wheat co-products can be fed in all stages of production if energy and other nutrient characteristics are considered.","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141643178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new approach: preventive protocols with yeast products and essential oils can reduce the in-feed use of antibiotics in growing-finishing pigs","authors":"Ygor Henrique De Paula, Maíra Resende, R. Chaves, J. A. Barbosa, C. Garbossa, Matheus de Oliveira Costa, Fernanda Rigo, Robson Sfaciotti Barducci, Anderson Aparecido Dias Santos, Leticia Graziele Pacheco, T. Putarov, Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae104","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of yeast products (YP) and essential oils (EO) in total or partial replacement to in-feed antibiotic protocols (growth promoter and prophylactic), both in recommended doses and in overdose of prophylactic antibiotics, on growth performance, and diarrhea incidence in the growing-finishing pigs; and fecal microbiota in market hogs. Four hundred pigs (20.36 ± 2.64 kg) were assigned to five treatments in a randomized block design: diets with prophylactic and growth promoter antibiotics (ANT); ANT with 30% more prophylactic antibiotics (ANT+30); diets with less prophylactic antibiotics and YP (ANT+Y); diets with less prophylactic antibiotics, YP and EO (ANT+Y+EO); and antibiotics free diets with YP and EO (Y+EO). The content of the active components of the yeast products was 60% purified β-1,3/1,6-glucans extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (Macrogard®), 20% functional water-soluble MOS (HyperGen®), and 18% MOS, extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (ActiveMOS®). From 0 to 14d, pigs of the ANT+30, ANT+Y, and ANT+Y+EO treatments showed a greater body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) compared to pigs from the Y+EO group. From 14 to 35d, pigs of ANT+30 and ANT+Y+EO treatments were heavier than Y+EO group. At 105d, ANT pigs had a higher BW than the Y+EO group. For the entire period, ADG of ANT pigs were greater and feed conversion ratio (FCR) better than Y+EO pigs. From 0 to 35d, pigs of the Y+EO treatment showed a higher diarrhea incidence compared to pigs of the other groups. From 49 to 70d, ANT+Y and ANT+Y+EO treatments showed a lower diarrhea incidence than Y+EO group, which remained the case during the overall period. At 105d, the alpha diversity of fecal microbiota by Shannon Entropy were lower in ANT, ANT+30 and Y+EO groups than observed for ANT+Y+EO group. Abundance of Firmicutes phylum and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio were higher in ANT than in ANT+Y+EO pigs. Proteobacteria phylum abundance in ANT+Y+EO was higher than ANT, ANT+Y, and Y+EO. Peptostreptococcaceae family abundance was higher in ANT, ANT+30, and ANT+Y groups than in ANT+Y+EO and Y+EO groups. ANT+Y+EO and Y+EO groups show a lower abundance of SMB53 genus than ANT and ANT+30 groups. In conclusion, the use of YP and EO, in partial replacement to the in-feed antibiotic protocols, does not reduce the growth performance, can replace antibiotic growth promotors, and reduce the in-feed use of prophylactic antibiotics in growing-finishing pigs. The use of YP and EO, together with prophylactic antibiotics, increase the microbial diversity, despite having important genera for weight gain in less abundance. Overdose of prophylactic antibiotics does not improve growth performance and reduces microbial diversity, which does not characterize it as an efficient preventive protocol.","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of relative bioavailability of copper from copper glycinate in growing beef steers","authors":"Jacob A Henderson, Emma K Niedermayer-Conway, Stephanie L. Hansen","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae105","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Chelated copper (Cu) sources, such as Cu glycinate (CuGly), may be more bioavailable relative to Cu sulfate (CuSO4) when fed to ruminants under antagonistic pressure. The objective of this study was to determine the bioavailability of CuGly (GemStone Cu; Phibro Animal Health) relative to CuSO4 in steers fed a diet supplemented with 0.3% sulfur and 2 mg molybdenum/kg of dry matter (DM). Sixty Angus crossbred steers (n = 12 per treatment) averaging 288 ± 4.85 kg were enrolled in a 90-day study and fed a corn silage-based diet with one of five Cu supplementation strategies, including: no supplemental Cu (CON), 5 or 10 mg supplemental Cu from CuSO4/kg DM, and 5 or 10 mg supplemental Cu from CuGly/kg DM. Steers were housed in pens equipped with GrowSafe feed bunks (GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Airdire, AB, Canada), with six steers per pen. Growth performance, liver Cu, and plasma Cu were analyzed in the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc, Cary, NC) with orthogonal contrasts to compare CON vs. 5 mg Cu/kg DM, CON vs. 10 mg Cu/kg DM, 5 vs. 10 mg Cu/kg DM, and CuSO4 vs. CuGly. Copper indices were regressed against Cu intake and slopes calculated using the GLM procedure SAS. Dietary Cu supplementation did not affect steer body weights on d 0, 28, 56, or 90 (P ≥ 0.52), average daily gain, dry matter intake, or gain:feed (P ≥ 0.36). Final plasma Cu concentration did not differ between CON vs. 5 mg Cu/kg DM (P = 0.79), CON vs. 10 mg Cu/kg DM (P = 0.65), or 5 vs. 10 mg Cu/kg DM (P = 0.39). Steers receiving CuSO4 tended to have greater final plasma Cu concentrations than those receiving CuGly (P = 0.08). Initial liver Cu concentration averaged 374 mg Cu/kg DM, which is considered highly adequate. No steers reached deficient Cu status by the end of the 90-day period. Control steers had lesser final liver Cu concentrations than supplemented steers (P ≤ 0.04). Steers receiving 10 mg supplemental Cu/kg DM had greater liver Cu concentrations than those receiving 5 mg supplemental Cu/kg DM (P = 0.01). Copper source had no effect on final liver Cu concentrations (P = 0.57) and based on liver Cu and Cu intake the bioavailability of CuGly was similar to CuSO4 (115%; P = 0.27). The initially high Cu status and the fact that cattle did not become Cu deficient may have impacted the relative bioavailability results, and more research is needed to investigate the role initial Cu status and antagonistic pressure play in the bioavailability of chelated Cu sources.","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141652990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A diverse diet increases animal growth performance and carcass yield of grazing lambs","authors":"M. R. Beck, K. Garrett, C. Marshall, P. Gregorini","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae103","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The current experiments were conducted across two lamb finishing seasons [2019 (experiment one; Exp1) and 2020 (experiment two; Exp2)]. In both experiments lambs were provided a monotonous (MON) diet [annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) during 2019 and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white-clover (Trifolium repens L.) during 2020] or a diverse (DIV) diet composed of spatially separated strips sown to chicory (Chicorium intybus L.), plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), perennial ryegrass, lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), and dock (Rumex obtusifolius). During Exp1, the DIV lambs had a stocking rate (SR) of either 80, 95, 100, or 110 m2/lamb/week, whereas the MON lambs had a 100 m2/lamb/week SR. In Exp2, the SR aimed to allocate the MON lambs with twice the forage allowance (kg DM/lamb/d) as DIV lambs. In Exp1, all lambs provided DIV had a greater (P < 0.01) average daily gain (ADG; +130%) than MON rams, independent of the SR. Accordingly, DIV had greater (P < 0.05) hot carcass weight (HCW; +26%) and aged carcass weight (CW; +27%) compared with MON, across all SR. The 80 m2/lamb/week SR tended to have a greater (P = 0.10) dressing percentage and had similar (P = 0.29) drip loss percentage to the MON lambs, while the other DIV lamb SR all had greater (P < 0.05; +12%) dressing percentages and lower (P < 0.05) drip loss percentage than MON lambs. In Exp2, DIV lambs had greater (P < 0.01) ADG (+37% ), HCW (+15%), and dressing percentage (+6%) compared with MON lambs. This improved animal performance occurred despite being offered 57% less (P = 0.01) dry matter (DM), 56% less (P < 0.01) digestible DM, and 57% less (P = 0.02) metabolizable energy per lamb per day. Ultimately, these experiments demonstrate that providing growing lambs a functionally diverse diet improves animal growth performance and carcass weight compared with a monotonous diet of annual ryegrass or a mixed sward containing perennial ryegrass with white clover","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of increasing dietary standardized ileal digestible arginine to lysine ratio from 0.85 to 1.15 and water-based arginine supplementation on growth performance and gut integrity of weaned pigs.","authors":"Chloe Hagen, Dalton Humphrey, Caitlyn Wileman, Keith Haydon, Laura Greiner","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae102","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this experiment was to assess the influence of arginine (Arg) supplementation in water and/or feed on the growth performance and gastrointestinal health of newly weaned pigs. Two hundred and forty pigs (5.06 kg; PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were randomly allocated into 80 mixed-sex pens (3 pigs/pen) and subjected to a 2 × 4 factorial design. Two levels of Arg were supplemented in water (0% or 8% stock, dosed through a 1:128 proportioner) for the first phase (days 0 to 7), and four dietary arginine levels (0.85, 0.95, 1.05, and 1.15) standardized ileal digestible (SID) Arg to Lysine (Lys) ratios for the first two phases (days 0 to 7 and 7 to 21). All treatments were provided a common diet (0.96 SID Arg:Lys) for the last phase days 21 to 42. One pig per pen underwent a dual sugar absorption test of lactulose at 500 mg/kg and mannitol at 50 mg/kg of body weight (BW) via gastric tube on days 7 and 21 postweaning, with blood plasma collected 4 h later. The pig tested on day 7 was subsequently euthanized for intestinal tissue collection. Pen growth performance and feed disappearance were evaluated for 3 phases: days 0 to 7, 7 to 21, and 21 to 42 postweaning. The statistical analysis used linear models to examine the effects of SID Arg:Lys in the feed, Arg level in water, and their interactions, with pen as the experimental unit. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test the linear and quadratic effects of increasing SID Arg:Lys in the diet. Growth performance during the first period exhibited variability, reflected by negative gain-to-feed (G:F) ratios, caused by the enteric health challenge. Consequently, data were analyzed separately for each phase. Increasing dietary SID Arg:Lys caused a linear improvement (<i>P</i> = 0.04) in final BW (18.47 and 21.90 kg, for 0.85 and 1.15 SID Arg:Lys, respectively). A trend (<i>P</i> = 0.09) suggested a linear impact of dietary SID Arg:Lys on average daily gain during days 21 to 42. Arg supplementation, whether administered through water or diet, did not affect lactulose and mannitol absorption on both days 7 and 21, nor did it alter histological measurements in the collected ileum tissues on day 7 postweaning. In conclusion, increasing dietary SID Arg:Lys increased final BW but had no clear impacts on intestinal health within the parameters measured, potentially impacted by the rotavirus diagnosis in the first week post-wean.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11258900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}