Translational Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"Recent nutritional strategies and feed additives to stimulate proper rumen development in young goats.","authors":"Mahmoud M Abdelsattar, Wei Zhao, Mohamed Diaby, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Naifeng Zhang","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae164","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Domestic goats (<i>Capra aegagrus hircus</i>) are important producers of milk, meat, and hair. The early weaned goats may face fundamental issues related to the incomplete rumen development to deal with the transition from liquid feeds into solid feeds. Therefore, the present review focuses on the nutritional strategies and feeding methods to enhance the proper rumen morphological development, fermentation efficiency and microbiota structure in young goats. The enhanced rumen development caused by these nutritional strategies can have lasting positive effects on their overall growth performance and health status, leading to decreasing mortality rates and susceptibility to disease after weaning. A wide range of areas was summarized including liquid feed management in preweaning goats (colostrum, milk, and milk replacer), solid feed management (concentrate and roughages), endogenous and exogenous volatile fatty acids and ketones, plant extracts, prebiotics and probiotics as well as rumen microbial contents that can be incorporated into the kids as an alternative to antibiotics to avoid pathogens and enhance the proper establishment of microbial community. Such nutritional strategies and current breeding recommendations can be used for the development of young goats' production systems to enhance the long-term digestive function efficiency in goats.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txae164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of two different rates of body weight gain during the first trimester of pregnancy or supplementing vitamins and minerals throughout pregnancy on primiparous beef cow milk production and composition.","authors":"Friederike Baumgaertner, Ana Clara B Menezes, Wellison J S Diniz, Todd E Molden, Jennifer L Hurlbert, Kerri Bochantin-Winders, Kevin K Sedivec, Megan R Wanchuk, James D Kirsch, Sarah R Underdahl, Carl R Dahlen","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated the effects of nutrition during pregnancy in beef heifers on colostrum and milk production and composition. For Experiment 1, crossbred Angus heifers were randomly allocated to a low (0.28 kg/d, [<b>LG</b>], <i>n</i> = 23) or a moderate rate of body weight gain (0.79 kg/d, [<b>MG</b>], <i>n</i> = 22) for 84 d after breeding, followed by management on a common diet until parturition. Colostrum samples were collected before first suckling and milk samples were collected by manual stripping of the teats 5 to 6 hours after calf removal on d 62 ± 10 and 103 ± 10 postpartum. At d 103, sampling techniques were compared by collecting a second sample after oxytocin administration and 90 s lag time. Colostrum somatic cell count was greater (<i>P</i> = 0.05) in LG (6,949 ± 797 × 10³ cells/mL) than MG (4,776 ± 797 × 10³ cells/mL) cows. In milk, percent protein was greater (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.01) in MG (3.03 ± 0.05%) than LG (2.87 ± 0.05%) cows. At d 103, oxytocin administration and extended lag time after teat stimulation increased milk fat content (<i>P </i>< 0.01) compared with immediate milk sample collection. For Experiments 2 and 3, crossbred Angus heifers were randomly assigned to receive either 113 g•heifer^-1•d^-1 of a vitamin and mineral supplement (<b>VTM</b>,) or no supplement (<b>CON</b>) from breeding until parturition. For Exp. 2, CON (n = 12) and VTM (n = 17) heifers were managed on a single pasture after parturition. On d 56 of lactation, 24-h milk production and composition were determined via a modified weigh-suckle-weigh technique using a portable milker. Milk yield and components (<i>P </i>≤ 0.91) were similar between treatments. For Exp. 3, twice daily milk yield was recorded for 6 CON and 6 VTM heifers for 78 d following parturition. Milk samples were collected on d 32, 58, and 78 of lactation for component analysis. No differences were observed among treatments in milk yield or composition (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.09). Milk production was affected by day, increasing until d 10 and remaining similar (<i>P </i>≥ 0.27) thereafter; however, protein was greater (<i>P </i>< 0.01) on d 58 compared with d 32 and d 78, and urea was reduced (<i>P</i> < 0.01) on d 78 compared with d 32 and 58. These experiments indicate that nutrition during early pregnancy has a sustained impact on milk protein but no impacts of vitamin/mineral nutrition during pregnancy were observed ion the subsequent lactation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf013"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of liver abscess with demographic factors, gross pathology, and gastrointestinal histologic morphology in feedyard mortalities.","authors":"Rachel E Champagne, Phillip A Lancaster, Brad J White, Paige H Schmidt, Madeline R Mancke, MaKenna Jensen, Brandon Depenbusch, Cody Nichols, Brandon L Plattner, Laura Carpenter, Katie Long, Kadyn Nuncio","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf031","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver abscesses (LA) are a major cause of hepatic condemnation in feedlot cattle (~ 20% beef carcasses) creating concerns surrounding carcass contamination, impaired performance, and antimicrobial stewardship. Due to antemortem limitations in determining LA status, risk factors for LA during the feeding phase are poorly characterized. The objective was to identify factors associated with the presence of LA in feedlot mortalities at necropsy, including demographic factors, and gross and histologic gastrointestinal (GI) morphologic lesions. Systematic necropsies (n = 900) were performed in 6 central U.S. commercial feedyards (June/July 2022 and 2023). Gross morphologic diagnoses were determined by technicians and confirmed by a veterinarian. Formalin-fixed sections of rumen, small intestine (SI), and spiral colon (SC) were collected from LA cases (n = 40) and time-, feedlot-matched controls (CON; no LA; n = 40). Demographic data collected included sex, days on feed at death (DOF), arrival weight, number of disease treatments, and estimated weight at death. Morphologic features were measured in GI tissues using hematoxylin and eosin stain and alcian blue stain was used to evaluate goblet cell area in SI and SC. General and linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate LA association with demographic, gross lesions, and histomorphologic changes identified in LA and CON cases. Steers had greater (<i>P</i> < 0.01) probability of LA than heifers (0.16 vs. 0.06, respectively). Dairy-influenced cases had a greater (<i>P</i> = 0.04) probability of LA than traditional beef breeds (0.30 vs. 0.03, respectively). Cases that were 101 + DOF had a greater (<i>P</i> < 0.01) probability of LA than those <50 DOF (0.20 vs. 0.06, respectively). Cases with peritoneal adhesions had a greater (<i>P</i> < 0.01) probability of having LA than cases without peritoneal adhesions. Liver abscess cases had wider (<i>P</i> = 0.03) rumen papillae and thinner (<i>P</i> = 0.05) keratin layer lining papillae in the rumen, and shallower (<i>P</i> = 0.02) crypts and thinner (<i>P</i> = 0.02) propria in the SI than CON cases. A tendency (<i>P</i> = 0.08) for LA cases to have a lower percent area of goblet cells in the SI than CON cases was observed. No differences in SC morphology were observed. Although results are biased to only feedlot mortalities, these findings indicate an association of LA with histomorphologic measures, gross pathology, and demographic factors. Further investigation is required to better understand factors influencing LA formation in feedlot cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf031"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of sire beef genetic merit and concentrate supplementation strategy on phenotypic performance of dairy-beef steers.","authors":"Jamie O'Driscoll, Deirdre C Purfield, Nóirín McHugh, Donagh P Berry, Nicky Byrne","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaf029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beef from the dairy herd is becoming an important source of beef globally, but most dairy breeding objectives have typically not selected for beef production traits. Moreover, beef sires used in dairy herds are generally selected for ease of calving and short gestation, features known to be antagonistically correlated with carcass weight and conformation. Total merit breeding indexes collapse information from a series of (economically important) traits into a single rank per animal-one such type of total merit index is that which ranks beef bulls for mating to dairy females (i.e., a dairy-beef index). Such breeding objectives have not yet been validated in a controlled field study. In addition, there is a growing interest in identifying strategies to reduce slaughter age in pasture based dairy-beef systems. The objective of the present study was to quantify the benefits on dairy-beef steer performance from a combination of prudent sire selection using a dairy-beef breeding objective coupled with the strategic use of concentrate supplementation at pasture. Three genotypes were evaluated: 1) 66 animals produced from Angus sires in the top 40% of the Irish dairy-beef breeding objective (High Angus); 2) 92 animals produced from Angus sires in the bottom 60% of the Irish dairy-beef breeding objective (Low Angus); and 3) 75 animals from Holstein-Friesian (HF) sires. Each genotype was evaluated across one of three feed treatments (FT): 1) grass only (GO); 2) low concentrate (LC), and 3) high concentrate (HC). There was no association between genotype and feed treatment for animal growth. Results clearly demonstrated that progeny from sires excelling genetically in beef genetic merit outperformed progeny from low beef genetic merit sires for carcass weight. High Angus steers had a similar carcass weight (312.4 kg; <i>P</i> > 0.05) to HF steers (315.9 kg), with Low Angus steers having the lightest carcass (294.1 kg; <i>P</i> < 0.05). Nevertheless, HF steers were 84.5 d older than both Angus genotypes at slaughter (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, supplementation during the second grazing season (the HC feed treatment) reduced the slaughter age of both Angus genotypes, but it had no effect on the slaughter age of HF steers. This study demonstrates the benefits of using high beef genetic merit sires in dairy herds to improve animal performance, whilst also demonstrating the potential to reduce slaughter age through supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf029"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To BSE or not to BSE: a capital budgeting analysis of the use of the bull breeding soundness evaluation (BSE) to improve reproductive efficiency and profitability in cow-calf herds.","authors":"Todd G Gunderson, Kevin N Kim, Kalyn T Coatney, David R Smith","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf024","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The breeding soundness evaluation (BSE) as defined by the Society for Theriogenology is intended to identify subfertile bulls. Removing subfertile bulls and replacing them with fertile bulls is expected to produce financial benefits in the form of more pregnant cows within a designated breeding season and subsequently higher weaning rates. However, past survey results of cow-calf producers indicate low adoption rates of the BSE. To better understand the rationale of these decisions by producers, a financial evaluation by means of a capital budgeting model was developed to calculate the net present value (NPV) of two different herd management strategies; one that performs BSE to one that does not. Because there are various sources of uncertainty in cattle production, a Monte Carlo simulation analysis was employed to estimate the differences between the expected NPV of these two strategies. Simulations were conducted across a range of plausible fertility differences from using BSE and revenues were generated from the resulting calf outputs and herd replacements. Additionally, the length of the breeding season and the cow:bull ratio were varied to capture a typical range of heterogeneous production systems. For each scenario considered, the results indicated that the likelihood of improving profitability by performing BSE increases as breeding season length decreases and cow:bull ratios increase, despite the relative increase in associated costs from hiring veterinarians to perform BSE. These results are largely driven by the increase in total weight of calves weaned and a decrease in costs associated with the replacement of non-pregnant cows. Overall, these findings provide a plausible financial explanation for why cow-calf producers with different management strategies are more/less willing to perform BSE.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12086538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Values shared by journals of learned societies, associations and scientific institutions in animal science.","authors":"I Ortigues-Marty, I Louveau, G Bee, J W Oltjen, P J Kononoff, J A A McArt, C Thomas, B D Fairchild, M Kogut, E Huff-Lonergan","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae179","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txae179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of Rumin8 Investigational Veterinary Product-a bromoform based feed additive-on enteric methane emissions, animal production parameters, and the rumen environment in feedlot cattle.","authors":"Leanna Kelly, Eleanor May Pressman, John-Fredy Ramirez-Agudelo, Hannah Chernavsky, Pablo Alvarez- Hess, Silke Jacques, Matthias Hess, Ermias Kebreab","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaf028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The livestock sector plays a crucial role in mitigating global climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, with enteric fermentation as the largest source. Although various approaches have been proposed to decrease enteric methane (CH₄) emissions, feed additives containing bromoform (CHBr₃) have shown promise with minimal impact on animal production parameters. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two Rumin8 Investigational Veterinary Products (IVP) containing synthetic CHBr₃ on enteric gas emissions, animal production parameters, and the rumen environment. Twenty-four Angus beef steers were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: Control, Oil (8 mL Rumin8 oil IVP/kg DMI), and Powder (1.2 g Rumin8 powder IVP/kg DMI). The Rumin8 oil IVP treatment resulted in a CHBr₃ intake of 32.2 mg/kg DMI, while the Rumin8 powder IVP provided a CHBr₃ intake of 2.0 mg/kg DMI during weeks 1-8. In week 9, a new batch of Rumin8 powder IVP increased the CHBr₃ intake to 17.9 mg/kg DMI. The Oil group exhibited 95.0%, 95.0%, and 96.1% reductions in CH₄ production (g/day), yield (g/kg DMI), and intensity (g/kg average daily gain), respectively, accompanied by 925%, 934%, and 858% increases in H₂ production, yield, and intensity, respectively. Neither treatment significantly affected animal production parameters or rumen environment variables. These findings suggest that Rumin8 oil IVP containing synthetic CHBr₃ has the potential to reduce enteric CH₄ emissions. This warrants further investigation, as this is the first published in vivo study to assess compound efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf028"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral and physiological indicators of stress in horses during an equine-assisted learning program for youth with a history of trauma.","authors":"Sarah K Matlock, Ashley Singh, Temple Grandin, Tamara Merritt, Terry Nett, Sarah Jean Reega, B Caitlin Peters","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf027","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Equine-assisted learning (EAL) is gaining in popularity due to its demonstrated benefits to participants, including increased social-emotional competencies and self-efficacy, and decreased symptoms of depression. Accordingly, EAL is increasingly utilized as a method to build soft skills for people who have a history of trauma and/or who may struggle with emotional regulation. Within the context of equine-assisted services (EAS) broadly, there is some evidence that participants who have trauma and/or emotional dysregulation may cause increased stress to horses when compared to interactions with other types of EAS participants (e.g., participants with cognitive delays, physical disabilities, etc.). It is important to understand the impacts of EAL for individuals with a history of trauma on the well-being of the horse. The purpose of this pilot study was to identify and compare the presence of behavioral and physiological indicators of stress in horses integrated into an EAL program for youth with a history of trauma who struggle with emotional regulation (n = 11) compared to the control condition of an EAL program for young adults with developmental delays (n = 7). Indicators of stress included salivary cortisol, eye temperature, and equine behaviors indicative of stress. We did not find significant differences in the indicators of stress in the horses when interacting with the youth with a history of trauma compared to the control condition (salivary cortisol, p = 0.55; eye temperature, p = 0.39; behavioral indicators of stress, p = 0.81). Contrary to previous findings, we did not find evidence that EAL with youth with a history of trauma increased the stress of the participating horses in comparison to EAL for a different population (young adults with developmental disabilities). Furthermore, we also found that physiological measures of stress were within normal ranges for both the experimental condition and control condition, providing further evidence that EAL does not appear to increase physiological stress in horses beyond normal ranges.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feed efficiency and fecal microbiome of nursery pigs from parents with divergent breeding value for feed conversion ratio.","authors":"Yujia Wu, Paula Azevedo, Shunshun Jin, Haoxiang Xu, Huaigang Lei, Lisanne Verschuren, Argenis Rodas-Gonzalez, Martin Nyachoti, Chengbo Yang","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaf026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Improving feed efficiency (FE) is essential for the swine industry's economic and environmental sustainability. Genetic selection, particularly through estimating breeding values for feed conversion ratio (EBV_FCR), is a common strategy to enhance FE. However, the biological mechanisms underlying phenotypic variations in FE between pigs with different EBV_FCR values are not fully understood. This study investigates these mechanisms by examining growth performance, nutrient and energy digestibility, and fecal microbiota composition and functionality of pigs at the nursery stage. The study involved 128 pigs, weaned at 21 d (±2 d) and with an initial body weight of 6.87 kg (±0.34 kg). These pigs, selected from dam and sire lines with divergent EBV_FCR values, were randomly assigned to 32 pens with four pigs each. Pigs were fed a corn and soybean meal-based diet, divided into two feeding phases of 2 wk each, under similar rearing conditions. Results indicated no significant differences in average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily body weight gain (ADG), or feed efficiency (FE, gain:feed) between pigs from different EBV_FCR lines (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Similarly, nutrient digestibility showed no significant variation (<i>P</i> > 0.05). While the overall fecal microbiota taxonomic composition was similar between the groups, there was a trend toward higher beta diversity in the microbiota of pigs from parents with lower EBV_FCR (high efficiency pigs, H pigs) (<i>P</i> < 0.083). Carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism were predominant in all pigs, regardless of genetic background, with similar predicted microbiota functionality across groups. The study concluded that genetic differences based on parents divergent EBV_FCR did not affect growth performance, nutrient utilization, or microbiota characteristics at the nursery stage. This suggests that while EBV_FCR based genetic selection does not impact early-stage performance or microbiome responses, its effects may differ in older pigs, warranting further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf026"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12012672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of increasing levels of mycotoxin-containing corn fines and mitigants on nursery pig growth performance.","authors":"Duncan B Paczosa, Tyler B Chevalier, Sunday A Adedokun, Lan Zheng, Merlin D Lindemann","doi":"10.1093/tas/txaf025","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txaf025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of feeding corn fines (screenings) containing mycotoxin levels greater than the FDA guidance (fumonisins) and advisory (deoxynivalenol) levels were evaluated using 150 crossbred pigs (initial BW: 6.42 ± 0.06 kg; 90 barrows and 60 gilts) in an 8-wk study by adding contaminated corn fines to create six diets. The corn fines used contained prestudy analyzed mycotoxin levels of 20,334 ppb total fumonisin, 1,499 ppb zearalenone, and 5,075 ppb total deoxynivalenol. The corn fines were added into a corn-soybean meal basal diet at 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% corn fines (Diets 1 to 4, respectively). Diet 5 was created by adding 40 ppm of boron (as sodium tetraborate decahydrate, 11.34% B) to Diet 4. Diet 6 was created by adding 0.25% Biofix Plus with FUMzyme (BPF; dsm-firmenich, Plainsboro, NJ) to Diet 4. Dietary treatments were fed for 6 wk; after that, all pigs received a common corn-soybean meal basal diet without fines for about 2 wk. The lightest, median, and heaviest pigs in a pen were selected at week 3, and serum was collected from those pigs on weeks 3, 6, and 8. Serum clinical chemistry and sphinganine:sphingosine ratio (SA:SO) were determined at week 6. Increasing fines linearly decreased ADG during weeks 1-6 (<i>P</i> = 0.03). Comparing Diets 4 and 5 to Diet 1 during weeks 1-6, there was a decrease in ADG (<i>P</i> < 0.05); subsequently, the difference in Diets 4 and 5 compared to Diet 1 was no longer significant for weeks 1-8. Comparing Diet 6 to Diets 1 and 4 during weeks 1-6, pigs fed Diet 6 were able to recover 57% of the lost ADG that occurred when corn fines were increased from 0% to 60%. During week 7-8 (all pigs on a common diet), pigs on Diets 5 and 6 had an increase in ADG compared to Diet 1. SA:SO linearly increased as fines in the diet increased (Diets 1 to 4; <i>P</i> = 0.001), but the addition of BPF ameliorated 95% of this increase. In conclusion, as mycotoxins increased, pigs exhibited negative effects in ADG, but the additive Biofix Plus with FUMzyme ameliorated a portion of these effects. Further, the recovery from week 7-8 from all pigs does show the importance of feeding clean corn to optimize ADG, ADFI, and gain/feed ratio.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txaf025"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}