Translational Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"Embedding cultural perspectives into animal welfare science education through study abroad opportunities.","authors":"Maja M Makagon, Jadwiga Topczewska","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae160","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animal welfare is a global issue. The ability of our future workforce to solve global issues is contingent on their understanding of and ability to work with people from diverse cultural backgrounds. Study abroad programming can improve cross-cultural abilities of participating students. Therefore, study abroad opportunities in animal welfare education may be a particularly fruitful approach for preparing students to address animal welfare issues globally. We discuss the value of offering study abroad courses in animal welfare, detail one such course as a case study, and review pedagogical literature related to course design to guide the development of similar programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11660165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of processing or concentration of dried distillers grain with solubles on the growth of finishing lambs.","authors":"Brayden Thompson, Alejandro E Relling, Evandro M Ferreira, Braden J Campbell","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae157","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dried distiller grains with solubles (DDGS) are a popular byproduct used in the livestock feed industry as it is a cost-effective feedstuff that is rich in crude protein and minerals. However, a common concern related to the use of DDGS in livestock diets is the negative impact that affects animal dry matter intake (DMI) and growth. To further investigate this challenge, the experiments aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding 1) two different diets, control versus heat processed DDGS or 2) increasing the concentration of DDGS and its effect on body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), DMI, and gain to feed ratio (G:F) in finishing lambs. In experiment 1, both diets were the same except for the heat processing of DDGS; the control diet used a commercial DDGS source directly from the supplier and the processed diet contained the same commercial DDGS source that differed through additional heat processing. For DDGS heat processing, 40% moisture was added to the DDGS and heated at 150 °C for 70 min. After the heating process, the DDGS was placed in a second oven at 56 °C for 2 d to allow for humidity evaporation. Lambs (<i>n</i> = 34), blocked by sex and BW, were housed in pens (2 to 3 lambs/pen, 6 pens/treatment) and were fed for 42 d. Lamb DMI was measured daily, and BW was measured every 14 d. In experiment 2, lambs (n = 75) were blocked by BW (5 lambs/ pen, 5 pens/treatment) and fed diets differing in inclusion rates of DDGS (10%, 20%, and 30%). The feeding period lasted for 56 d, and lamb DMI and BW were measured daily or every 28 d, respectively. In both experiments, diets were isonitrogenous, and the feeding procedure utilized slick bunk management. Data were analyzed in SAS using a mixed model considering the treatments as fixed effects and pen and block as random effects. In experiment 1, there were no treatment differences (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.13) in ADG, DMI, and G:F in finishing lambs. In experiment 2, a linear and quadratic contrast were used to separate the mean and demonstrated that increasing the concentration of DDGS decreased lamb DMI (linear <i>P</i> < 0.01; quadratic <i>P </i>= 0.05), but did not affect lamb BW, ADG, or G:F (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.26). Despite that previous research shows differences in animal growth because of an increase in DDGS concentration, our experiments illustrated that heat processing or increased concentrations of DDGS up to 30% in finishing lamb diets are not responsible for a decrease in lamb performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of hemoglobin concentration on farrowing duration in sows.","authors":"Katlyn A McClellan, Sydney L Sheffield, Crystal L Levesque","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae158","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Concerns have been raised about the prevalence of anemia in sows, yet our understanding of its consequences, particularly its impact on the farrowing process, remains limited. This study investigated the relationship between hemoglobin concentration (<b>HbC</b>) and farrowing duration in sows. A total of 101 sows (<i>n</i> = 16 parity 0, 15 parity 1, 24 parity 2, and 46 parity 3 sows) were monitored for blood HbC (Hemocue Hb 201 device) from the ear vein before farrowing (day 112 of gestation) and between 40 to 48 h after farrowing (day 2). Sows were categorized as anemic (HbC < 10 g/dL), or nonanemic (HbC ≥ 10 g/dL) based on their day 112 HbC (i.e., prefarrowing status). Surveillance cameras recorded the farrowing process for each sow, complemented by human observation. Farrowing duration was defined as the time elapsed between the first piglet born and the last piglet born. All piglets were individually weighed within 18 h of birth, and stillborn piglets were identified using a lung flotation test conducted within 1 h of birth. The correlation between sow HbC, farrowing duration, and stillborn piglets was assessed using the PROC CORR procedure in SAS. Additionally, the effect of HbC category on labor duration was tested using the PROC MIXED procedure, with total piglets born included as a covariate. Anemic sows had a prolonged farrowing (7.2 h ± 0.92 min, <i>P </i>< 0.001) compared to nonanemic sows (3.5 h ± 0.88 min), and negative correlation was observed between prefarrow HbC and farrowing duration (<i>r</i> = -0.62, <i>P</i> < 0.001). There was a weak correlation between farrowing duration and stillborn piglets (<i>r</i> = 0.32, <i>P</i> = 0.01). No correlation was observed between farrowing duration and total born (<i>r</i> = 0.22, <i>P</i> = 0.11). There was no difference in total born (16.41 ± 0.7 vs 16.3 ± 0.7) between anemic (< 10 g/dL) and nonanemic (≥10 g/dL) sows, respectively. Factors such as barn temperature on the day of parturition and feed intake the day prior did not influence the observed differences in labor duration between anemic and nonanemic sows. In conclusion, maintaining HbC above 10 g/dL appears beneficial for sows, as lower concentrations of HbC are associated with prolonged labor and increased removal rates. Blood HbC could serve as a valuable biomarker for identifying at-risk sows, thereby aiding in improving herd management and productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of cooling and Moringa supplementation on oxidative stress in serum and milk, including milk cytokines, in heat stressed lactating sows and their litters.","authors":"Wonders O Ogundare, Linda M Beckett, Leriana G Reis, McKeeley C Stansberry, Sydney N Roberts, Uchenna Y Anele, Allan P Schinckel, Theresa M Casey, Radiah C Minor","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae156","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat stress (HS) poses a significant challenge to the United States swine industry. Sows and their piglets are particularly vulnerable to HS, as the periparturient phase is characterized by heightened metabolism and increased oxidative stress and inflammation. The study examined the effects of using conductive electronic cooling pads (ECP) and dietary supplementation with 4% Moringa (M) leaf powder on controlling oxidative stress and inflammation caused by HS in sows and their piglets. Forty-eight late gestation sows were assigned to four treatment groups: HS-fed corn-soybean meal (HS + CS), ECP-fed corn-soybean meal (ECP + CS), HS + M, and ECP + M. Blood was collected from sows on gestation (G) day 112, and lactation (L) day 14 and L20, and from piglets (2 males and 2 females) in each litter on postnatal (PN) day 1 and PN20. Colostrum was collected within 2h of birth of the first neonate, and mature milk was collected on L14. Piglet fecal samples were collected on PN14 to measure calprotectin concentration as a marker of intestinal inflammation. Biological antioxidant potential (BAP), derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (dROMs). and oxidative stress index (OSi) were measured in blood and milk samples using a Free Radical Elective Evaluator. Milk samples pooled by day of lactation and treatment group were analyzed using cytokine array. Levels of inflammatory cytokines in colostrum were affected by Moringa supplementation and cooling, but not mature milk. Notably, the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-1ra were 2.14 and 1.57 Log₂ higher in the colostrum of HS + M compared to other groups. The OSi of colostrum was higher (<i>P</i> = 0.0002) than mature milk. Level of BAP in sow serum was greater in ECP + CS and HS + M (<i>P</i> = 0.0291) compared to other groups. Moringa had an overall effect of increasing dROMs (<i>P</i> = 0.0035) and levels of OSi were lowest in ECP + CS (<i>P</i> = 0.0296) sow serum. Treatments did not affect piglet serum oxidative index (<i>P</i> > 0.05) or calprotectin levels (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Findings support further studies to investigate the efficacy of using ECP and Moringa supplementation to mitigate inflammation and oxidative stress imposed by heat stress conditions in lactating sows.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"9 ","pages":"txae156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"#PorkandPigs: an online media listening analysis of public perception of the U.S. swine industry.","authors":"Alexandra E Fisk, Michael L Smith, Brian T Richert, Nicole J Olynk Widmar","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae155","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the majority of the U.S. swine industry being generally bounded by social licensing, there is a growing need to understand social perspectives to better adapt to consumer demands. Online and social media data are rich datasets that researchers are leveraging to tackle economic and societal challenges. The information that can be gleaned from online media regarding public perceptions makes it an important tool for producers to understand driving topics of interest to the public. This study utilized a prominent online and social media listening and data analytics platform to identify and quantify online and social media mentions related to the U.S. swine industry from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2023. A general search for online media referencing pork and pigs was designed resulting in a total of 41,093,309 mentions. The search was further queried to specific topics of food and cooking (20,580,068 mentions), price (2,866,548 mentions), welfare (1,615,208 mentions), sustainability (771,819 mentions), and top authors/organizations within the U.S. swine industry (1,430 mentions). The study spanned the geographic locations of the overall US (including U.S. Minor Outlying Islands), the top 5 most populous states, and the top 5 pork-producing states as of 2024. Of all mentions, X/Twitter was the largest domain for nearly all mentions related to pork and pigs. Major organizations designed to spread information between the general public and pork producers had a minor impact on the overall conversation and no online media presence in the top 5 most populous states. Net sentiment was overall positive across all 4 yr and all geographies except for major events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the H1N1 Swine Flu, the passing of California Proposition 12, environmental events, and inflation-associated pork prices. Overall, most media presence had positive net sentiments and with most interest surrounding ways to cook pork and how to keep bacon cheap. Understanding public perceptions of the U.S. swine industry provides the opportunity to make informed decisions on marketing strategies and production practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11630858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic comparison of stocker cattle performance on winter wheat vs. summer-dormant tall fescue with nitrogen or interseeded alfalfa in the southern great plains.","authors":"Enoch Adom, Jon T Biermacher, B Wade Brorsen, Sindy M Interrante, Dayton M Lambert, Twain J Butler","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae154","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Winter wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) is a significant forage source for livestock grazing in the Southern Great Plains (SGP). However, increasing input costs and changing climate conditions compel producers and researchers to search for alternative forage systems, such as cool-season perennials. Specifically, cool-season perennials with summer dormancy traits can survive droughts in the SGP. This paper aimed to determine the net returns of three different types of cool-season perennial summer-dormant tall fescue [<i>Schedonorus arundinaceus</i> (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.] systems either with N fertilizer or interseeded with alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) and the traditional graze-out annual winter wheat forage system. The data were from a 5-yr experiment conducted in south-central Oklahoma. Animal performance results indicated that the traditional graze-out winter annual wheat forage system provided more total gains at 434 kg ha^-1 than the three tall fescue variety systems at 326 kg ha^-1 (<i>P</i> = 0.006) due to more grazing days. Thus, the gross revenue estimated at a cost of gain of $1.60 kg^-1 gain for wheat at $694 ha^-1 was greater than the average gross revenue of $521 ha^-1 for the tall fescue systems. However, the average total cost for the perennial tall fescue systems ($374 ha^-1) was less than the total cost ($594 ha^-1) of the wheat system. Overall, the average net returns were similar for all grazing systems at about $145 ha^-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11582886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Administration of sodium hyaluronate to adult horses prior to and immediately after exercise does not alter the range of motion in either the tarsus or metacarpophalangeal joints.","authors":"Julia W Riley, Lara M Chance, Madison R Barshick, Sally E Johnson","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae153","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyaluronic acid (HA), a glycosaminoglycan found in joint synovial fluid, is administered to horses as an anti-inflammatory with lubrication properties. This experiment examined the effects of HA administered before and shortly after an exercise test on metacarpophalangeal (MCP; fetlock) and tibiotarsal (hock) joint range of motion (ROM). Horses were injected intravenously (IV) with placebo (4 mL, saline) or HA (4 mL, 40 mg) 24 h before performing a standardized exercise test (SET) on a high-speed treadmill and again at 6-h post-SET. Passive fetlock flexion was measured at 4 and 24 h post-SET. Hock flexion and extension were measured at 24 h post-SET by videography and kinematic evaluation at the trot. Parameters of the SET were sufficient to cause peak lactate values of 6.6 ± 0.15 mM and a maximum heart rate of 203.6 ± 4.8 bpm. A minor gain (<i>P</i> = 0.08) in fetlock flexion prior to SET was observed in HA horses that were not retained at either 4 or 24 h post-SET. Hock flexion in both limbs was greater (<i>P</i> < 0.05) at 24 h post-SET, independent of treatment. Horses receiving HA exhibited reduced (<i>P</i> = 0.04) right hock extension. No differences in either right or left hock ROM were observed between control and HA-treated horses. From these results, it is concluded that IV HA injections surrounding an exercise stressor offer no substantive gains in either fetlock or hock ROM.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11568345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sustainable nutritional solution for fattening pigs based on 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and triterpenoids added to a low Ca diet containing phytase improves growth performance via the activation of muscle protein synthesis without compromising bone mineralization.","authors":"Estefania Pérez-Calvo, Ursula M McCormack, Ramon Muns, Christina Mulvenna, Laura Payling, Luis Romero, Laurent Roger, Maria C Walsh","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae152","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the current climate of sustainable animal agriculture, nutritional strategies that support fattening swine growth performance and bone mineralization whilst reducing environmental impacts are much sought after. This study evaluated the effect of supplementing 25(OH)D₃ with triterpenoids to a Ca-reduced diet containing phytase during the grower-finisher phase. Growth performance, bone composition, plasma metabolites and muscle gene expression were evaluated. Sixty crossbreed boar pigs (initial body weight (BW) 42.0 ± 5.1 kg at 12 wk of age) were assigned to three treatments with 20 pigs/treatment in a completely randomized design. Treatments comprised: 1) a standard commercial grower-finisher diet (positive control (PC)) containing 1,500 IU/kg vitamin D3 [3,585 kcal/kg digestible energy, 16.19% CP, 0.70% Ca, 0.29% standardized total tract digestible P]; 2) a negative control (NC) based on the PC with reduction in Ca and P (minus 30% and 10%, respectively); 3) the NC with vitamin D3 replaced by a commercially available compounds combination containing 25(OH)D3 and triterpenoids, dosed at 500 mg per kg of feed (TRT). All diets were provided ad libitum for 7 wk, and feed intake was recorded individually via electronic feeder stations. For the overall period, average daily gain and average daily feed intake were increased (P < 0.05) in TRT vs. NC or PC (+ 13.0% and + 8.3%, respectively, vs. NC); final BW was 7.8% higher vs. NC (+ 5.2% vs. PC; P < 0.05). Whole-body DXA-scanning at 19 wk of age showed that bone mineral density, content and percentage were reduced in NC vs. PC and equivalent to PC in TRT. Plasma 25(OH)D3 and P levels were raised in TRT (+ 33 ng/ml or 2.6-fold and + 0.55 mg/dL or 5.9%, respectively, vs. NC). The combination of 25(OH)D3 with triterpenoids was found to activate several biological pathways involved in muscle growth, including pathways that activate mTOR, a key central regulator of cell metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival when the gene expression was measured in the muscle tissue at 19 wk of age. These results suggest that the dietary combination of 25(OH)D3 with triterpenoids has the potential for use, alongside phytase, in supporting a reduction in Ca and P in the diet to reduce nutrient waste and improve the sustainability of production by promoting muscle growth and maintaining bone composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11973432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth performance of neonatal calves fed milk replacer 2 vs. 3 times per day.","authors":"Lydia K Olagunju, David P Casper, Uchenna Y Anele","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several calf studies demonstrated growth advantages when feeding greater protein and/or milk solids amounts, however, studies comparing 2 times per day vs. 3 times per day feeding are limited. The study objective was to evaluate feeding 2 times per day vs. 3 times per day thereby increasing milk solids intake. Forty 2- to 5-d old Holstein bull calves were blocked by body weight (<b>BW</b>) and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments (<i>N</i> = 20/treatment) using a randomized complete block design. Treatments were 1) 2×: milk replacer (<b>MR</b>) fed 2 times per day; and 2) 3×: MR fed 3 times per day for increased solids intake. The MR was fed at 15% solids at 0630 and 1800 hours and the 3rd 3× feeding was at 1200 hours. Calves on 2× were fed MR at 0.567 kg/d for days 1 to 14, increased to 0.85 kg/d for days 15 to 35, and reduced to 1 time per day at 0.425 kg/d for days 36 to 42 to facilitate weaning at 42 d. Calves on 3× were fed MR 0.851 kg/d for days 1 to 14, increased to 1.275 kg/d for days 15 to 35, and reduced to 1 time per day at 0.425 kg/d for days 36 to 42 followed by weaning. Calf starter (<b>CS</b>; amounts and orts weighed daily) and water were offered for ad libitum intake. Initial BW was not a significant covariate and final BW (81.5 and 80.9 kg, for 2× and 3×, respectively) was similar. A treatment-by-week interaction (<i>P</i> < 0.01) indicated variable BW gains during the study with calves fed 3× demonstrating greater BW during weeks 4 (<i>P</i> < 0.10) and 5 (<i>P</i> < 0.05) compared with calves fed 2×. However, BW gains for calves fed 3× were reduced (<i>P</i> < 0.05) during the weaning period resulting in similar BW gains (36.8 and 36.4 kg) at the study end. Intake of CS (0.65 and 0.46 kg/d) was lower (<i>P</i> < 0.04) for calves fed 3× compared with calves fed 2×. Feed conversions (0.64 and 0.58 kg/kg) were greater (<i>P</i> < 0.02) for calves fed 2× compared with 3× fed calves. Calves fed 2× had less (<i>P</i> < 0.01) scours (fecal score = 0; 34.3 and 29.7 d) compared with 3× fed calves. Providing an additional MR feeding demonstrated minimal BW gains due to lower CS intake. Providing greater MR intake using a 3rd daily feeding reduces CS intake that can inhibit transition to dry feed when weaning calves.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11544624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of supplementation to offspring during early gestation and the growing phase with different sources of fatty acids on learning and memory ability of postweaning lambs.","authors":"Megan Whalin, José A Roque-Jiménez, Mario F Oviedo-Ojeda, Héctor A Lee-Rangel, Alejandro E Relling","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae149","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tas/txae149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the current experiment was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with different dietary fatty acid profiles on the dam during the first third of gestation and on the offspring during growth on the offspring's cognitive behavior. Seventy-nine postweaning lambs were blocked by body weight and sex using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The first factor (maternal supplementation; <b>MS</b>) was supplementation to the ewes in the first third of gestation with 1.61% Ca salts of palm fatty acid distillate (<b>PFAD</b>) or Ca salts enriched with eicosapentaenoic (<b>EPA</b>) and docosahexaenoic acids (<b>DHA</b>) to early pregnant ewes. The second factor (offspring supplementation; <b>OS</b>) was to supplement the offspring during their growing phase with diets that contained 1.48% of PFAD or Ca salts of PFAD or EPA and DHA. Ewes were housed in groups, 3 ewes per pen and 12 pens per treatment, with different treatments until day 50 of gestation. From day 51 of gestation until weaning, all the animals (ewes and lambs) were housed in a common pen. After weaning, lambs were housed in group pens (5 pens per treatment, 3 to 5 per pen). The lambs ran maze tests on weeks 5 and 7 after weaning to evaluate cognitive ability. The maze contained 2 trap zones and had the pen conspecific lambs at the end of the maze. The measurements were the times to solve the traps and the total time to complete the maze. Data were analyzed using a mixed procedure considering the 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. There was an MS × OS × time interaction for the time to complete the maze (<i>P</i> = 0.02). Lambs receiving a different type of fatty acid supplementation during gestation than postweaning took less time to complete the maze on the second relative to the first day compared with the lambs fed the same type of fatty acids during gestation and growing. In conclusion, combining different fatty acids during different life stages may improve lambs' cognitive abilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23272,"journal":{"name":"Translational Animal Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"txae149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}