{"title":"In-Stent Re-Endothelialization Strategies: Cells, Extracellular Matrix, and Extracellular Vesicles.","authors":"Min-Kyu Kang, Seon-Hee Heo, Jeong-Kee Yoon","doi":"10.1089/ten.TEB.2024.0178","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ten.TEB.2024.0178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arterial stenosis caused by atherosclerosis often requires stent implantation to increase the patency of target artery. However, such external devices often lead to in-stent restenosis due to inadequate re-endothelialization and subsequent inflammatory responses. Therefore, re-endothelialization strategies after stent implantation have been developed to enhance endothelial cell recruitment or to capture circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Notably, recent research indicates that coating stent surfaces with biogenic materials enhances the long-term safety of implantation, markedly diminishing the risk of in-stent restenosis. In this review, we begin by describing the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease and in-stent restenosis. Then, we review the characteristics and materials of existing stents used in clinical practice. Lastly, we explore biogenic materials aimed at accelerating re-endothelialization, including extracellular matrix, cells, and extracellular vesicles. This review helps overcome the limitations of current stents for cardiovascular disease and outlines the next phase of research and development. Impact Statement Due to the potential risk of restenosis in all types of vascular stents, re-endothelialization strategies should be considered in stent development. This review discusses the use of biogenic materials, including extracellular matrix, cells, and extracellular vesicles, on stent surfaces to induce endothelial cell recruitment and suppress inflammatory responses, thereby preventing neointimal hyperplasia. Compared with other strategies, biogenic materials offer greater stability and safety with fewer side effects, addressing current unmet needs. Consequently, this review offers a novel perspective on the development of a new generation of stents.</p>","PeriodicalId":23134,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"317-330"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rigele Ao, Wei Liang, Zimo Wang, Qiaoyu Li, Xingyi Pan, Yonghuan Zhen, Yang An
{"title":"Delivery Strategies of Growth Factors in Cartilage Tissue Engineering.","authors":"Rigele Ao, Wei Liang, Zimo Wang, Qiaoyu Li, Xingyi Pan, Yonghuan Zhen, Yang An","doi":"10.1089/ten.TEB.2024.0158","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ten.TEB.2024.0158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cartilage plays an important role in supporting soft tissues, reducing joint friction, and distributing pressure. However, its self-repair capacity is limited due to the lack of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic systems. Tissue engineering offers a potential solution to promote cartilage regeneration by combining scaffolds, seed cells, and growth factors. Among these, growth factors play a critical role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. However, their instability, susceptibility to degradation and potential side effects limit their effectiveness. This article reviews the main growth factors used in cartilage tissue engineering and their delivery strategies, including affinity-based delivery, carrier-assisted delivery, stimuli-responsive delivery, spatial structure-based delivery, and cell system-based delivery. Each method shows unique advantages in enhancing the delivery efficiency and specificity of growth factors but also faces challenges such as cost, biocompatibility, and safety. Future research needs to further optimize these strategies to achieve more efficient, safe, and economical delivery of growth factors, thereby advancing the clinical application of cartilage tissue engineering. Impact Statement Cartilage tissue engineering offers a promising solution to the limited self-repair capacity of cartilage. This review highlights the critical role of growth factors in cartilage regeneration, focusing on their effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. It examines recent advancements in growth factor delivery strategies and discusses their potential and challenges. The review emphasizes the need to optimize these delivery systems for better efficiency, specificity, biocompatibility, and safety. Advances in this field could significantly enhance clinical applications, providing more effective and economical treatments for cartilage-related conditions and improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23134,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"374-389"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tissue-Engineered Three-Dimensional Platforms for Disease Modeling and Therapeutic Development.","authors":"Erika E Wheeler, J Kent Leach","doi":"10.1089/ten.TEB.2024.0212","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ten.TEB.2024.0212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three-dimensional (3D) tissue-engineered models are under investigation to recapitulate tissue architecture and functionality, thereby overcoming limitations of traditional two-dimensional cultures and preclinical animal models. This review highlights recent developments in 3D platforms designed to model diseases <i>in vitro</i> that affect numerous tissues and organs, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, bone marrow, neural, reproductive, and pulmonary systems. We discuss current technologies for engineered tissue models, highlighting the advantages, limitations, and important considerations for modeling tissues and diseases. Lastly, we discuss future advancements necessary to enhance the reliability of 3D models of tissue development and disease. Impact Statement In this review, we describe recent progress in the development and application of three-dimensional (3D) tissue-engineered models of disease. We discuss common approaches to create 3D models from somatic and stem and progenitor cells using spheroids, organoids, biomaterials, and microphysiological systems. In addition, we describe the application of such systems to model various disorders, discover mechanisms of progression, and identify new therapeutics to combat disease, which will be useful for subsequent research and clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23134,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"390-405"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tissue Engineering Nasal Cartilage Grafts with Three-Dimensional Printing: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Alexander C Perry, Adetola B Adesida","doi":"10.1089/ten.TEB.2024.0187","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ten.TEB.2024.0187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nasal cartilage serves a crucial structural function for the nose, where rebuilding the cartilaginous framework is an essential aspect of nasal reconstruction. Conventional methods of nasal reconstruction rely on autologous cartilage harvested from patients, which contributes to donor site pain and the potential for site-specific complications. Some patients are not ideal candidates for this procedure due to a lack of adequate substitute cartilage due to age-related calcification, differences in tissue quality, or due to prior surgeries. Tissue engineering, combined with three-dimensional printing technologies, has emerged as a promising method of generating biomimetic tissues to circumvent these issues to restore normal function and aesthetics. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to examine the applications of three-dimensional printing in conjunction with tissue engineering for the generation of nasal cartilage grafts. This review aims to compare various approaches and discuss critical considerations in the design of these grafts. Impact Statement The main goal of this review is to summarize the current state of tissue engineering applications that use three-dimensional printing technologies to create nasal cartilage grafts, while providing contextual background on the principles of nasal reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":23134,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"331-356"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriele Boretti, Arsalan Amirfallah, Kyle J Edmunds, Helena Hamzehpour, Ólafur E Sigurjónsson
{"title":"Advancing Cartilage Tissue Engineering: A Review of 3D Bioprinting Approaches and Bioink Properties.","authors":"Gabriele Boretti, Arsalan Amirfallah, Kyle J Edmunds, Helena Hamzehpour, Ólafur E Sigurjónsson","doi":"10.1089/ten.TEB.2024.0168","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ten.TEB.2024.0168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Articular cartilage is crucial in human physiology, and its degeneration poses a significant public health challenge. While recent advancements in 3D bioprinting and tissue engineering show promise for cartilage regeneration, there remains a gap between research findings and clinical application. This review critically examines the mechanical and biological properties of hyaline cartilage, along with current 3D manufacturing methods and analysis techniques. Moreover, we provide a quantitative synthesis of bioink properties used in cartilage tissue engineering. After screening 181 initial works, 33 studies using extrusion bioprinting were analyzed and synthesized, presenting results that indicate the main materials, cells, and methods utilized for mechanical and biological evaluation. Altogether, this review motivates the standardization of mechanical analyses and biomaterial assessments of 3D bioprinted constructs to clarify their chondrogenic potential. Impact Statement Three-dimensional bioprinting has emerged as a promising technique in the field of cartilage tissue engineering (CTE). Despite decades of progress in CTE research, there are existing gaps between literature and clinical practice. This review provides insights into available hydrogels for 3D cartilage bioprinting by emphasizing essential mechanical properties and providing a detailed synthesis of key biological evaluation methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":23134,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"357-373"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikolai Juul, Clara Ibel Chamorro, Kim Broekhuijsen, Teresa Olsen Ekerhult, Magdalena Fossum, Zeliha Guler, Laetitia de Kort, Paul Kouwer, Mary Lynne van Poelgeest-Pomfret, Federico Soria, Frank van Steenbeek, Mariella Withagen, Petra de Graaf
{"title":"Lessons Learned from Tissue Engineering in Urethral Reconstruction and Pelvic Organ Prolapse.","authors":"Nikolai Juul, Clara Ibel Chamorro, Kim Broekhuijsen, Teresa Olsen Ekerhult, Magdalena Fossum, Zeliha Guler, Laetitia de Kort, Paul Kouwer, Mary Lynne van Poelgeest-Pomfret, Federico Soria, Frank van Steenbeek, Mariella Withagen, Petra de Graaf","doi":"10.1177/19373341251363635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19373341251363635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urogenital diseases, such as hypospadias, incontinence, urethral obstruction, and pelvic organ prolapse, are common conditions that often require treatments at specialized health care providers. All these conditions can have a negative effect on quality of life, but due to issues of taboo and shame, treatment of urogenital disorders has received less attention and has perhaps undergone less development than desirable. Reconstructive surgery of the lower urinary tract is not without complications, and the functional results may be clinically suboptimal and not meeting with patient expectations. Recent advancements in tissue engineering (TE), material sciences, and disease modeling may create new treatment solutions to diseases of the lower urinary tract. To reach constructive advancement of urogenital TE, we created an interdisciplinary network with European scientists, from different backgrounds and research traditions, to identify knowledge gaps and to stimulate further interactions. In this study, we describe the unmet medical need, the advances in new materials and technologies, and the need for preclinical disease models. We concluded that recent developments offer hope for future treatment options, and with this review, we argue that an interdisciplinary network is essential for the transition from bench to bedside. However, for real progress in the field to manifest, we should further integrate patient representatives, as well as representatives of regulatory bodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23134,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miguel A Martin-Piedra, Manuel Albendin-Moreno, Adriana Olivares-Abril, Sara V J Paez-Yepes, Mario Rivera-Izquierdo, David Sánchez-Porras, Ricardo Fernández-Valadés, Antonio España-López, Miguel Alaminos, Ingrid Garzon
{"title":"Tissue Engineering for Oral Mucosa Biofabrication: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Miguel A Martin-Piedra, Manuel Albendin-Moreno, Adriana Olivares-Abril, Sara V J Paez-Yepes, Mario Rivera-Izquierdo, David Sánchez-Porras, Ricardo Fernández-Valadés, Antonio España-López, Miguel Alaminos, Ingrid Garzon","doi":"10.1177/19373341251359112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19373341251359112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue engineering of oral mucosa has emerged as a promising alternative for reconstructing oral lesions. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated advancements in the biofabrication of artificial oral mucosa, focusing on its components, methods, and outcomes. A total of 57 studies were included, primarily preclinical <i>in vitro</i> research. The predominant cell sources were primary oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts, with collagen being the most utilized biomaterial. The immersion and air technique was the main biofabrication method. The meta-analysis revealed an average epithelial thickness of 73.18 μm and a maturation score of 5.13/6. <i>In vivo</i> studies indicated a trend toward greater epithelial stratification compared with <i>in vitro</i> studies. The presence of cellularized stroma, decellularized scaffolds, and custom growth factors correlated with increased epithelial thickness although without statistically significant differences. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of tissue-engineered oral mucosa, highlighting its clinical potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":23134,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yating Zhao, Yuyang Luo, Jia Yang, Jian Wu, Xiumei Wang
{"title":"Biomaterial-Assisted Senescence-Targeting Treatment Strategy for Central Nervous System Injury.","authors":"Yating Zhao, Yuyang Luo, Jia Yang, Jian Wu, Xiumei Wang","doi":"10.1177/19373341251359272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19373341251359272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Central nervous system (CNS) injury triggers a series of complex pathophysiological reactions, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. These factors play key roles in inducing cellular senescence, thereby disrupting the balance of the microenvironment and seriously hindering tissue regeneration and repair processes. Thus, targeting cellular senescence presents a promising target for the treatment of CNS injuries. In this review, we summarized multiple potential strategies targeting senescence, including the regulation of neuroinflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, and stem cell supplementation. Furthermore, we discussed representative biomaterials with functional potential to target cellular senescence and their applications in promoting repair and regeneration in CNS injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":23134,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhixin Du, Pengbei Fan, Liping Yang, Junlin Hou, Xiaodan Du, Yaohui Wang, Yujie Wang, Yulong Wang, Lingling Li
{"title":"Revolutionizing the Female Reproductive System Research with Additive Manufacturing.","authors":"Zhixin Du, Pengbei Fan, Liping Yang, Junlin Hou, Xiaodan Du, Yaohui Wang, Yujie Wang, Yulong Wang, Lingling Li","doi":"10.1177/19373341251359111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19373341251359111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The female reproductive system is highly complex, making it essential for applied research and translational medicine to accurately model its intricate physiological functions or develop strategies for restoring them. However, significant structural and functional differences between human and animal models, along with the limitations of static 2D cell culture technologies, underscore the need for more dynamic and sophisticated <i>in vitro</i> platforms, as well as <i>in vivo</i> therapies. These advancements are critical for deepening our understanding of reproductive biology and supporting clinical applications. Recent advancements in additive manufacturing technology have opened new frontiers in the study of the female reproductive system. By introducing diverse preclinical models and expanding the range of potential applications, this field has reached new heights, with the rapidly evolving research paradigm reshaping the scientific landscape. This review aims to summarize the growing body of evidence surrounding bioengineering strategies, platforms, and therapies in female reproductive medicine, with the goal of advancing our understanding of female reproductive biology and providing new avenues for fertility restoration. Specifically, we will examine the historical development, technological innovations, and scientific research related to the creation of 3D-engineered tissues for reconstructing the female reproductive system. Impact Statement This review aims to summarize the growing body of evidence surrounding bioengineering strategies, platforms, and therapies in female reproductive medicine, with the goal of advancing our understanding of female reproductive biology and providing new avenues for fertility restoration. Specifically, the historical development, technological innovations, and scientific research related to the 3D-engineered tissues for reconstructing the female reproductive system were summarized. This review would help the audience, especially bioengineers who study the female reproductive system disease, as well as obstetricians and gynecologists, understand the possible application of additive manufacturing and acquire the strategies to engineer the female reproductive system <i>in vitro</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":23134,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinjin Ma, Yan Feng, Xinxin Ni, Qing Yang, Jun Lin
{"title":"Research Progress in Tissue Engineering of Temporomandibular Joint Condylar Cartilage.","authors":"Jinjin Ma, Yan Feng, Xinxin Ni, Qing Yang, Jun Lin","doi":"10.1089/ten.teb.2025.0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.teb.2025.0073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) comprises the mandibular condyle, the articular surface of the temporal bone, and the articular disc. The articular cartilage in the TMJ is classified as fibrocartilage, which has distinct zones: the fibrous, proliferative, mature, and hypertrophic zones. TMJ osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a prevalent condition affecting the TMJ, with its pathogenesis involving multiple factors such as trauma, occlusal instability, joint overload, and others. Current treatment options encompass noninvasive, minimally invasive, and surgical interventions. However, no definitive cure has been found. Tissue engineering offers a novel approach to treating TMJOA by promoting cartilage repair and regeneration by constructing artificial cartilage grafts made from a combination of cells, bioactive factors (BFs), and biodegradable scaffolds. Among the scaffolds commonly used in research are hydrogels, nanoparticles, and three-dimensional-printed structures, with mesenchymal stem cells serving as the primary cell source. Additionally, exosomes and gene therapy have shown promise in TMJOA treatment. Despite significant progress, optimizing the integration of seed cells, BFs, and scaffold materials remains a critical focus for future research. This article provides an in-depth review of the latest advancements in TMJ condylar cartilage tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":23134,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}