Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1002/solr.202500091
Yiting Zheng, Insoo Kim, Zhen Wang, Kabilan Ramkumar, Seungkuk Kuk, Jeonghong Ha, Dongsik Kim, Gee Yeong Kim, Won Mok Kim, Jeung-hyun Jeong, David J. Hwang
{"title":"Unveiling Mechanisms of Nano- and Picosecond Laser Scribing of Bilayer Molybdenum Thin Films on Flexible Polyimide for CuInxGa(1−x)Se2 Solar Photovoltaic Module Fabrication","authors":"Yiting Zheng, Insoo Kim, Zhen Wang, Kabilan Ramkumar, Seungkuk Kuk, Jeonghong Ha, Dongsik Kim, Gee Yeong Kim, Won Mok Kim, Jeung-hyun Jeong, David J. Hwang","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Flexible CuIn<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>(1<i>−x</i>)</sub>Se<sub>2</sub> (CIGS) thin-film solar cells are promising for future applications in buildings, mobility, and aerospace due to their high efficiency, lightweight, and flexible nature. To achieve large-area monolithic-integrated modules, a scribing process, dividing into multiple cells for series connection, is indispensable. Despite numerous merits laser scribing can offer, further improvement is required for high-quality solar module. Picosecond laser, generally accepted as an efficient tool to suppress thermal impact, often causes problems in achieving a shunt-free P1 scribing process that isolates the back contact, typically bi- or multilayered Mo thin films, due to edge deformation as a source of shunt. In this study, we experimentally compare the performance of picosecond and nanosecond lasers in scribing bilayered Mo films of different microstructures on flexible polyimide through morphological analysis and shunt evaluation for selected scribing conditions. Thermal analysis and time-resolved measurement of laser-induced emission further elucidate relevant scribing mechanisms. It will be shown that nanosecond lasers, usually not a preferred solution for temperature-sensitive architectures, have significant merits in scribing complex multilayered structures of relatively large thickness, preferentially launching indirect interfacial heating mechanism for optically nontransparent film–substrate combinations.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1002/solr.202400876
Mario Hanser, Johannes Gry, Armin Richter, Jana-Isabelle Polzin, Jan Benick, Martin Bivour, Christian Reichel, Stefan W. Glunz
{"title":"Influence of Thermal Activation on Polysilicon Tunnel Junctions for Tunnel Oxide Passivating Contacts-Based Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells","authors":"Mario Hanser, Johannes Gry, Armin Richter, Jana-Isabelle Polzin, Jan Benick, Martin Bivour, Christian Reichel, Stefan W. Glunz","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400876","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The presented investigation focuses on different thermal activation processes and their influence on the formation of a polysilicon tunnel junction as a recombination layer in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. The goals of this investigation are the optimization of the polysilicon tunnel junction and the comparison of different processing pathways to enable a lean process integration. Various process routes with different annealing sequences for the polysilicon tunnel junction were examined, using a laser-based rapid thermal process (RTP) and a conventional furnace anneal. The main challenge is to control the interdiffusion of p- as well as n-type dopants at the tunnel junction interface during the thermal activation process. On pre-annealed n-tunnel oxide passivating contact (TOPCon) layers, a low process temperature for the p-polysilicon activation is beneficial without the necessity of an additional diffusion blocking layer. If the n-TOPCon and the p-polysilicon layer are annealed simultaneously in one RTP, high temperatures are required, which are enabled by a diffusion blocking SiN<sub><i>x</i></sub> interlayer at the tunnel junction interface. Optimized tunnel junctions on TOPCon bottom cell precursors show low contact resistivity of only 30 mΩ cm<sup>2</sup> with an implied open-circuit voltage as high as 726 mV. These results demonstrate the promising properties of the developed tunnel junctions regarding tandem cell integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202400876","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-03-30DOI: 10.1002/solr.202500089
Juan Jesús Gallardo, Saray Gragera-García, María Gragera-García, Iván Carrillo-Berdugo, Desireé De los Santos, Rodrigo Alcántara, Javier Navas
{"title":"Nanofluids for Concentrating Solar Power Based on Cuo Nanoparticles and a Linear Silicone Fluid","authors":"Juan Jesús Gallardo, Saray Gragera-García, María Gragera-García, Iván Carrillo-Berdugo, Desireé De los Santos, Rodrigo Alcántara, Javier Navas","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores the potential use of CuO nanofluids in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fluid for concentrating solar power (CSP) applications. The research addresses the need for environmentally friendly and efficient heat transfer fluids as alternatives to traditional options, which often pose environmental and toxicity concerns. PDMS fluids, while offering benefits like high heat resistance and low pour points, suffer from lower thermal conductivity and heat capacity. The addition of CuO nanoparticles aims to enhance these properties. Thus, four nanofluids are prepared, varying the concentration of CuO nanoparticles and the addition of a surfactant. The analysis stability showed that the nanofluids reached a certain stability, but presented a low load of nanoparticles in suspension. The following key thermophysical properties are measured: density, surface tension, dynamic viscosity, isobaric specific heat, and thermal conductivity. The study also evaluated the performance of these nanofluids using a figure of merit specific to heat transfer in CSP plants and by analyzing the efficiency of a heat exchanger. The results showed enhancements in the heat transfer performance of up to 16%, particularly for the nanofluids with the highest CuO concentrations, while the heat exchanger efficiency improved by up to 10%.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-03-30DOI: 10.1002/solr.202500063
Haohui Li, Haimin Li, Zheng Zhang, Guangzhao Zhang, Yuhao Wei, Bo An, Jia Liao, Xiangxue Lv, Xingchong Liu, Hanyu Wang
{"title":"Doubled Grain Size Originated From Suppression of PbI2 for Improved Performance of Wide-Bandgap Perovskite and Tandem Devices","authors":"Haohui Li, Haimin Li, Zheng Zhang, Guangzhao Zhang, Yuhao Wei, Bo An, Jia Liao, Xiangxue Lv, Xingchong Liu, Hanyu Wang","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskites (PVK), known for their superior ability of validly capturing visible light, are critical for achieving high-efficiency VK–silicon tandem solar cells. However, challenges such as high-defect densities at grain boundaries, nonradiative recombination, and instability severely limit their performance. In this study, we introduce a molecule of 2-methylthio-2-imidazoline hydriodide (MDHI) as a passivator to address the grain boundary defects by forming MDHI–PbI<sub>2</sub> complex. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results demonstrate that MDHI effectively suppressed the formation of PbI<sub>2</sub>, thereby greatly enhanced the crystallinity of PVKs with doubled grain size, which validly reduced defect densities and minimized recombination losses. As a result, an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.19% (0.09 cm<sup>2</sup>) is observed for a bandgap of 1.68 eV PVK solar cells (PSCs) with MDHI modification, which can retain over 90% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h of continuous illumination, demonstrating significantly promoted operational stability, while the control one only shows 17.96% PCE and remains 60% of its pristine efficiency. Eventually, the MDHI-modified WBG PVK–silicon tandem devices achieve a champion PCE of 30.46% (1.07 cm<sup>2</sup>). This study provides a new strategy to improve the efficiency and stability of WBG PVK in tandem photovoltaics.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-03-30DOI: 10.1002/solr.202500032
Tingwei Zhou, Anlong Kuang
{"title":"C3N2H5 Superalkali-Enhanced Halide Perovskites for High-Efficiency Photovoltaic Applications","authors":"Tingwei Zhou, Anlong Kuang","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The inherent instability of lead halide perovskites significantly limits their commercial applications, which has spurred extensive research into developing new halide perovskites. Herein, to identify novel halide perovskites suitable as light absorption materials, 24 promising candidates were systematically screened from a pool of over 1700 cations by applying constraints such as a vertical electron affinity of less than 3.89 eV and a tolerance factor ranging from 0.80 to 1.00. First-principles simulations demonstrate that the C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub><sup>+</sup> cation exhibits superior stability compared to alternative cations, enabling successful incorporation into three-dimensional halide perovskites. The cubic (C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>1−x</sub>(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>x</sub>MI<sub>3</sub> (M = Sn, Pb) perovskites display excellent dynamic stability, a direct bandgap of 1.19–1.43 eV, s-p and p–p transitions, carrier effective masses ≤0.36 m<sub>e</sub>, exciton binding energies ≤68.77 meV, and a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 33.04−33.72%. Furthermore, their Landau levels were evaluated under varying applied magnetic fields, demonstrating their potential for advanced optoelectronic applications. These findings suggest that (C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>1-x</sub>(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>x</sub>MI<sub>3</sub> superalkali perovskites are highly promising candidates for use as photovoltaic materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-03-30DOI: 10.1002/solr.202400912
Pınar Oruç, Haluk Koralay
{"title":"Graphene-Enhanced Performance in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: A Study on Optical and Impedance Properties","authors":"Pınar Oruç, Haluk Koralay","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400912","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As global energy demands continue to rise, solar energy has emerged as one of the most promising alternative sources, drawing essential attention in scientific research. In particular, our study sought to explore whether the introduction of graphene could provide significant enhancements to the performance of solar cells. Within the experiment, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) was used as the donor material, while [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC<sub>61</sub>BM or PCBM) served as the acceptor in the active layer of the solar cell. Graphene was substituted for PC<sub>61</sub>BM to evaluate its effect on solar cell efficiency. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells with the FTO/TiO<sub>2</sub>/P3HT:PC<sub>61</sub>BM<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>:Gr<i><sub>x</sub></i>/MoO<sub>3</sub>/Ag architecture were fabricated using spray and spin coating methods for <i>x</i> = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.10. The power conversion efficiencies of the reference device (where <i>x</i> = 0 for Gr) and the device containing a graphene ratio of <i>x</i> = 0.10 were measured at 1.69% and 3.75%, respectively. This shows a substantial 2.2-fold increase in efficiency with the incorporation of graphene into the system. Based on these findings, it is evident that graphene doping substantially improves the photovoltaic properties of the solar cells examined in this study, underscoring its potential in advancing solar cell technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202400912","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1002/solr.202500048
Adrian Callies, Oussama Er-Raji, Robin Schot, Stefan Lange, Benedikt Bläsi, Tom Veeken, Karsten Buse, Albert Polman, Stefan W. Glunz, Juliane Borchert, Oliver Höhn, Patricia S. C. Schulze
{"title":"Optical Reabsorption Effects in Photoluminescence of Perovskites Conformally Coated on Textured Silicon","authors":"Adrian Callies, Oussama Er-Raji, Robin Schot, Stefan Lange, Benedikt Bläsi, Tom Veeken, Karsten Buse, Albert Polman, Stefan W. Glunz, Juliane Borchert, Oliver Höhn, Patricia S. C. Schulze","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two-terminal fully textured perovskite silicon tandem solar cells have recently advanced significantly and are quickly moving toward scalable production. While µm-sized texturing of the silicon solar cell enables minimizing reflection losses, and tuning of the perovskite layer thickness allows optimizing the photo-generated current distribution between subcells, both approaches introduce challenges at the development stage. One of these challenges is the accurate optoelectronic assessment of perovskite films with photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. In this work, we study effects of optical self-absorption on the PL of perovskite films conformally coated on industry-compatible textured silicon with pyramid heights ranging from <1 to >6 µm. Our findings indicate that with increasing pyramid height, the PL peak energy shows a blueshift of 20–30 meV. Similarly, increasing the perovskite thickness on a fixed texture pattern induces a redshift. Three-dimensional confocal laser scanning PL microscopy, combined with statistical ray optical simulations, reveals that photon reabsorption in the perovskite film plays an important role in the texture-dependent and thickness-dependent PL responses. This optical effect, besides previously reported changes in perovskite mechanical properties due to silicon texture, is crucial to consider for accurate assessment of PL, and for efficient optimization of perovskite silicon tandems with advanced optical designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202500048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1002/solr.202400877
Dirk W. Steyn, William Nemeth, Matthew Page, San Theingi, David L. Young, Sumit Agarwal, Paul Stradins
{"title":"Measurement of Contact Resistivity In Symmetric Polycrystalline Si/SiOx/Monocrystalline Si Test Structures Using Variable Light Illumination","authors":"Dirk W. Steyn, William Nemeth, Matthew Page, San Theingi, David L. Young, Sumit Agarwal, Paul Stradins","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400877","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While different methods exist to determine the contact resistivity in semiconductor devices, these methods are limited to measurement of the majority carrier contacts. The measurement of p- or n-type contacts on n- or p-type crystalline silicon, respectively, is challenging due to the blocking diode formed by the p–n junction. In this article, we address this problem for tunneling oxide passivating contacts used in high-efficiency Si solar cells. We propose a universal method to extract contact resistivity on symmetric test structures with polycrystalline silicon on SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> (poly-Si/SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) passivating contacts under illumination, both for p–n and high–low-junction passivated contacts. In this method, we demonstrate that the total contact resistance of each cell grid finger to the base wafer is governed by its effective contact area, defined by the transfer length extending from both sides of the finger. Therefore, the grid contact resistance of a poly-Si contact depends on the ratio of the doped poly-Si sheet resistance to the tunneling contact resistivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202400877","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-03-26DOI: 10.1002/solr.202500021
Hamada A. El-Naggar, Hisashi Asanuma, Hisao Yoshida, Akira Yamamoto
{"title":"Photothermal Tandem Catalysis of CH4 Reforming and Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis to Produce Syngas and C2+ Hydrocarbons","authors":"Hamada A. El-Naggar, Hisashi Asanuma, Hisao Yoshida, Akira Yamamoto","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photothermal catalysis is a promising approach for converting renewable solar energy to storable chemical energy. However, a critical challenge in photothermal catalysis lies in the temperature gradients formed under irradiation within the catalyst bed. In the present study, this temperature gradient is utilized to promote tandem reactions of the highly endothermic CH<sub>4</sub> reforming at the high-temperature zone to produce syngas and the exothermic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) at the low-temperature zone to yield C<sub>2+</sub> hydrocarbons. This study demonstrates that C<sub>2+</sub> hydrocarbons such as ethane and ethylene are formed using a single photoreactor with a temperature gradient from CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> as carbon sources via the tandem reactions over SiO<sub>2</sub>-encapsulated Co–Ni alloy catalysts. Almost no C<sub>2+</sub> formation under uniform temperature conditions in an electric furnace highlights the essential role of the temperature gradient in C<sub>2+</sub> formation. Moreover, this study reveals that the fabrication of the porous SiO<sub>2</sub> shell and the addition of steam into the feed gas have a crucial impact on the C<sub>2+</sub> formation rate. This work may open new avenues for tandem reaction systems from two greenhouse gases of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> into value-added C<sub>2+</sub> hydrocarbons.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-03-24DOI: 10.1002/solr.202570061
Sara Domenici, Roberto Speranza, Federico Bella, Andrea Lamberti, Teresa Gatti
{"title":"A Sustainable Hydrogel-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Coupled to an Integrated Supercapacitor for Direct Indoor Light-Energy Storage","authors":"Sara Domenici, Roberto Speranza, Federico Bella, Andrea Lamberti, Teresa Gatti","doi":"10.1002/solr.202570061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202570061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Supercapacitors</b>\u0000 </p><p>In article number 2400838, Teresa Gatti and co-workers present a proof-of-concept fully aqueous indoor light-energy harvesting and storage device. The system features a three-electrode configuration on fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass, integrating a dye-sensitized solar cell and an activated carbon electrical double-layer supercapacitor, both employing a sustainable biopolymer hydrogel electrolyte.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202570061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}