{"title":"High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells via Green Antisolvent Ethyl Methyl Carbonate","authors":"Jiajia Huang, Like Huang, Shuang Liu, Xiaohui Liu, Jing Zhang, Yuejin Zhu","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500324","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The one-step antisolvent method is an important approach for preparing high-quality perovskite films and high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the main solvents N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and antisolvent chlorobenzene (CB) commonly used in this process are highly volatile toxic, which pose a serious threat to environmental safety and human health, and are not conducive to the commercialization of PSCs. Therefore, we have developed a new perovskite precursor solution system to prepare high-quality FA<sub>0.9</sub>Cs<sub>0.1</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite films. We used a less toxic N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as the solvent and a green ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) as the antisolvent. The morphology of perovskite films prepared with EMC antisolvent and the typical green antisolvent ethyl acetate (EA) and the performance of the corresponding PSCs were compared. It's found that EMC-processed perovskite films have better crystallinity with fewer defects. Also, with better energy level alignment, the EMC-processed PSCs achieved a photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.68%, much higher than that of EA-processed PSCs (17.98%).</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-06-17DOI: 10.1002/solr.202500186
Rania Boudaya, Moez Hajji, Houssem Eddin Fehri, Mohamed Ali Aloui, Fayçal Kouki, Philippe Lang
{"title":"Formamidinium's (FAI) Impact on α-CsPbI3 Perovskite Stability in Ambient Air: A Path for Highly Efficient Perovskite–Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells","authors":"Rania Boudaya, Moez Hajji, Houssem Eddin Fehri, Mohamed Ali Aloui, Fayçal Kouki, Philippe Lang","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500186","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cesium lead triiodide (CsPbI<sub>3</sub>) perovskites are known for their instability, particularly under ambient conditions, where they often degrade from the preferred black-phase (α-phase) to the nonperovskite yellow-phase (δ-phase). This phase transition causes a loss of optical performance, which drastically lowers the solar cell's durability and efficiency. To solve this problem, we explored adding formamidinium iodide (FAI) as a CsPbI<sub>3</sub> stabilizer agent. By adding FAI, we facilitate the transition from the less stable δ phase to the more stable and optically active α-phase. This modification enhances the crystallinity of the material, reduces the density of defects, and improves the mobility of charge carriers, all of which improve device performance. Our results show a noticeable increase in solar cell efficiency after FAI incorporation. Theoretical calculations have shown that with single-junction devices, the PCE was enhanced from 23.12% to 26.9%. Furthermore, the material becomes more stable over time, especially as compared to its original unstable structure. Finally, we integrated CsPbI<sub>3</sub> into tandem perovskite–perovskite solar cells for the first time, achieving a ground-breaking efficiency of 32%. These advancements represent a significant leap forward for perovskite-based solar technologies. The promising outcomes of this research are under active consideration for commercialization, paving the way for the practical use of CsPbI<sub>3</sub>-based solar technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-06-16DOI: 10.1002/solr.202500247
Xinsheng Tang, Zilong Wang, Shangshang Chen
{"title":"Modulation of SnO2 Electron-Transporting Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Xinsheng Tang, Zilong Wang, Shangshang Chen","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500247","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tin oxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>) is a commonly used electron-transporting material (ETM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its low-temperature processability and suitable energy levels. However, its inherent limitations, such as insufficient electron mobility and high density of trap states, hinder further improvement of device performance. This review explores recent advances in modifying SnO<sub>2</sub> ETMs to address these limitations and improve the efficiency and stability of n-i-p PSCs. We delve into the role of various dopants and surface modification strategies in enhancing electron transport properties and reducing the trap states. By elucidating the impacts of dopant chemical/electronic structures and surface treatments on SnO<sub>2</sub> properties, this review provides valuable insights for the development of efficient ETMs for high-performance PSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-06-16DOI: 10.1002/solr.202500074
Julian Petermann, Benjamin Hacene, Mohammad Gholipoor, Felix Laufer, Raphael Pesch, Xuzheng Liu, Ulrich Wilhelm Paetzold
{"title":"Advanced Photoluminescence Imaging Method for Robust and Scalable Perovskite Quality Monitoring in Monolithic Tandem Solar Cells","authors":"Julian Petermann, Benjamin Hacene, Mohammad Gholipoor, Felix Laufer, Raphael Pesch, Xuzheng Liu, Ulrich Wilhelm Paetzold","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photoluminescence-based characterization techniques are widely employed in perovskite solar cell research, offering a noninvasive and contactless means of obtaining information about the implied open-circuit voltage ( <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>i</mi>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>V</mi>\u0000 <mi>oc</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$iV_{mathrm{oc}}$$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>) and, hence, the absorber quality. Driven by the idea of developing a robust yet quantitative in-line imaging method for perovskite/Si tandem solar cells, we have extended an intensity-dependent photoluminescence method initially reported for single-junction solar cells. This method enables local quality assessment of the perovskite thin-film absorbers processed over planar and textured silicon bottom solar cells with high spatial resolution. A single effective parameter <i>k</i>, also called optical ideality factor, is extracted, which accounts for the complex superposition of locally competing recombination processes. This work demonstrates that our method, called <i>k</i>-imaging, is a robust and versatile characterization tool for perovskite/Si tandem solar cells that allows the assessment of the general thin-film absorber quality as well as of specific defects for both scientific and industrial applications. Consequently, it accelerates perovskite research and paves the way for highly reproducible perovskite deposition processes toward commercialized perovskite/Si tandem solar cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202500074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-06-12DOI: 10.1002/solr.202500193
Ronja Pappenberger, Roja Singh, Alexander Diercks, Tonghan Zhao, Raphael Pesch, Julian Petry, Daniel Baumann, Xuzheng Liu, Ulrich W. Paetzold
{"title":"Versatile Two-Step Process for Perovskite-Based Tandem Photovoltaics","authors":"Ronja Pappenberger, Roja Singh, Alexander Diercks, Tonghan Zhao, Raphael Pesch, Julian Petry, Daniel Baumann, Xuzheng Liu, Ulrich W. Paetzold","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500193","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Perovskite photovoltaics promise high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and cost-effective fabrication, making them a transformative solar technology. Among deposition methods, the solution-based two-step process has emerged as a promising approach for integrating high-quality perovskite layers onto silicon (Si) bottom cells, enabling dense and pinhole-free films. However, achieving both high efficiency and long-term stability remains underexplored for solution-based two-step-processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This study introduces a versatile solution-based two-step method, demonstrating a seamless transition from a triple-cation (CsMAFA) to a more stable double-cation (CsFA) perovskite composition. Implementing a novel dual bimolecular passivation strategy with propane-1,3-diammonium iodide (PDAI<sub>2</sub>) and n-butylammonium iodide (BAI) for both bulk and surface passivation effectively addresses defects at grain boundaries and interfaces. This approach minimizes nonradiative recombination, enhances film crystallization, and promotes efficient charge extraction. The resulting PSCs demonstrate a stable power output of 20.9%, representing the highest reported efficiency for a solution-based two-step processed PSC with a bandgap of 1.67 eV. Laboratory-scale monolithic perovskite/Si tandem solar cells (1 cm<sup>2</sup> active area) achieve PCEs exceeding 26% on small-textured Si bottom cells (<2 μm). This emphasizes the potential of the solution-based two-step process for practical implementation in high-performance photovoltaic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202500193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-06-08DOI: 10.1002/solr.202500148
Xian Jin Gan, Ming Yang Gao, Hong Tian, Hui Lv, Yang (Michael) Yang
{"title":"Cost Analysis of Perovskite-Organic Tandem Solar Cell","authors":"Xian Jin Gan, Ming Yang Gao, Hong Tian, Hui Lv, Yang (Michael) Yang","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The photovoltaic technology is witnessing rapid advancements, with perovskite-organic tandem solar cells (PO-TSCs) emerging as a highly promising option among perovskite-based solar cells. However, its cost analysis is still very much lacking. This study undertakes a comprehensive cost and economic analysis of PO-TSCs, aiming to identify the gap with different device configurations and evaluate their commercialization potential. By employing a bottom-up cost analysis model, various cost components such as materials, equipment, and maintenance are evaluated. The analysis reveals a manufacturing cost of 97.91 USD/m<sup>2</sup>, with the PBDTT − 2F material in the organic solar cell being the dominant cost factor, accounting for 79.20%. Under the simulated assumptions, the module cost is 0.49 USD/W and the levelized cost of electricity is 4.8 cents/kW h. To assess the economic impact of different solar cell parameters on their performance, a sensitivity analysis is conducted, with particular emphasis on the rate of efficiency loss over time. The findings indicate that achieving a module efficiency of 25% and an operating time of 25 years, along with minimal loss rates, are crucial for economic viability. Although PO-TSCs have higher initial material and module costs compared to planar single- junction perovskite cells, their superior photoelectric conversion efficiency and potential for cost reduction endow them with a competitive edge in the market. This study not only highlights the technical and economic feasibility of PO-TSCs but also provides valuable insights for future technological progress and market strategies for PO-TSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Efficiency Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells with Flexibility","authors":"Hirotaka Shishido, Ryo Sato, Daisuke Ieki, Gakuto Matsuo, Kimihiko Saito, Makoto Konagai, Ryousuke Ishikawa","doi":"10.1002/solr.202570110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202570110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tandem Solar Cells</p><p>In article number 2400899, Ryousuke Ishikawa and co-workers develop flexible perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells by fabricating perovskite cells on thin, bendable silicon substrates. By optimizing surface microtexturing and processing, an efficiency of 26.5% was achieved. These findings suggest that flexible, high-efficiency solar cells could be deployed in situations where traditional silicon cells are not practical.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202570110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Permeable Modification and Near-Infrared Absorption of n-Type Non-Fullerene Acceptors for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Yunuo Hui, Xiong Chang, Haorui Tang, Zhewen Xie, Yong Zhu, Xixi Yu, Kunpeng Li, Huicong Zhang, Fashe Li, Xing Zhu, Hua Wang, Jiangzhao Chen, Tao Zhu","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As the foremost electron transport material in inverted perovskite solar cells, the phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is constrained by its inadequate electrical properties and defect passivation capability to fabricate devices with better performance. Herein, a non-fullerene acceptor molecule eC9-2Cl is introduced into the PCBM, which simultaneously passivates the defects distributed on the perovskite surface, enhances the electrical properties of PCBM, and provides additional near-infrared absorption. The strategic incorporation of eC9-2Cl optimizes band alignment and increases electron mobility. Furthermore, the electron-deficient thiophene and carbonyl moieties in eC9-2Cl effectively passivate uncoordinated Pb<sup>2+</sup> defects. The eC9-2Cl-doped PCBM devices showed an increased open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i><sub>OC</sub>) of 1.12 V, attaining the champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.40% with a narrow distribution. Moreover, the modified devices demonstrate an exceptional retention of 96% initial PCE after storing under ambient air for over 1800 h. This can be attributed to the enhanced uniformity, defect passivation, and augmented hydrophobicity after eC9-2Cl introduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1002/solr.202500162
Kenedy T. Tanko, Sonia R. Raga, Naji Vahedigharehchopogh, Fanny Baumann, Masoud Karimipour, Ramsés Alejandro Miranda-Gamboa, Monica Lira-Cantú
{"title":"The Roles of Ion Migration on Perovskite Solar Cell Operational Stability at Various Illumination Intensities","authors":"Kenedy T. Tanko, Sonia R. Raga, Naji Vahedigharehchopogh, Fanny Baumann, Masoud Karimipour, Ramsés Alejandro Miranda-Gamboa, Monica Lira-Cantú","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500162","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monitoring the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) under operational conditions is crucial for their development. This study integrates maximum power point (MPP) tracking with <i>quasi in-situ</i> electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at successive intervals to elucidate the temporal evolution of degradation mechanisms in PSCs. The gradual losses in photocurrent, photovoltage, and fill factor during MPP tracking were attributed to alterations in recombination processes, kinetic constants, shunt pathways, and series resistances, each manifesting at distinct phases of the PSC stability assessment. Notably, these variations correlated with a progressive increase in ionic density and mobility within the perovskite layer, as evidenced by a shift in the low-frequency ionic response and a 0.13 eV reduction in ionic activation energy. This apparent enhancement in ionic conductivity was more pronounced under illuminance levels below 1000Lx, predominantly affecting shunt resistance and leading to significant implications for indoor photovoltaic performance. The reported methodology offers a straightforward, non-destructive, and effective means to augment conventional PSC stability analyses across various lighting conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202500162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1002/solr.202500229
Xiaomeng Duan, Yizhao Wang, Lin Li, Feng Yan
{"title":"Solution-Processed Arsenic Chalcogenides as Dopant Source and Back Contact for Efficient CdSeTe Solar Cells","authors":"Xiaomeng Duan, Yizhao Wang, Lin Li, Feng Yan","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500229","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Group V doping in CdSeTe device can improve power conversion efficiency (PCE) and device stability. Arsenic (As) incorporation into CdSeTe has been demonstrated via both in situ and ex situ techniques; however, optimizing the back contact for group V-doped CdSeTe devices remains a critical challenge. Here, solution-processed arsenic chalcogenides (i.e., As<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> and As<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>) as dual-role materials, serving as both dopants and back-contact materials for high-efficiency CdSeTe devices, are investigated. During the formation of the back contact, a portion of the arsenic chalcogenides diffuses into the CdSeTe absorber, facilitating p-type doping. The remaining materials forms a stable back-contact layer that facilitate carrier collection and reducing recombination losses at the CdSeTe back surface. Particularly, CdSeTe device employing Te rich As<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> layer as the dopant and back-contact materials achieves a PCE of 18.34%, demonstrating the dual functionality of solution-processed arsenic chalcogenides in simultaneously doping the absorber and optimizing charge extraction. This solution based cost-effective As doping approach offers a promising pathway for advancing CdSeTe photovoltaic technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}