Solar RRL最新文献

{"title":"A Failure Mode Affecting the Reliability of LECO-Treated High-Efficiency TOPCon Solar Cells","authors":"Yuelin Xiong,&nbsp;Tarek O. Abdul Fattah,&nbsp;Kuninori Okamoto,&nbsp;Ruy S. Bonilla","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Laser-enhanced contact optimization (LECO) has become an essential process in enabling the fabrication of &gt;25% efficient tunnel oxide–passivated contact (TOPCon) solar cells, now in use in &gt;100 GW of silicon solar module production. LECO improves the metal–semiconductor interface in silicon solar cells, thus resulting in an excellent trade-off between contact resistance (<i>ρ</i>_c &lt; 1 mΩ.cm²) and surface recombination (<i>J</i>_0met &lt; 160 fA/cm²). This work presents a new failure mode observed at the front p⁺-Ag contact in LECO-treated TOPCon solar cells, which is not observed in standard screen-printed metallization. The bias and temperature stress severely degrade the dark contact resistance in LECO-treated TOPCon, leading to an increase in series resistance of over 100 Ω in a 2 x 2 cm² cell. Unlike standard TOPCon, where degradation has been ascribed to the n⁺-Ag contact, the LECO cells show the most prominent degradation at the p-type contact side. Luminescence measurements on stressed samples show reduced recombination, which could be attributed to improved passivation at the p⁺-Ag interface and/or the enhancement of other recombination-limiting factors such as AlO_<i>x</i> passivation, but negatively impacting conductivity. The temperature and bias stress also deteriorate the light current–voltage characteristics for the samples that underwent the LECO process. These results reveal a potential degradation mode in LECO-treated TOPCon solar cells, indicating the need for further investigation into its impact on efficiency gain, long-term reliability, and bankability.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202500151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Fluorine Doping on Hole Transport Properties of NiOx for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Dilpreet Singh Mann,&nbsp;Jaswinder Singh,&nbsp;Sakshi Thakur,&nbsp;Sung-Nam Kwon,&nbsp;Kwang-Un Jeong,&nbsp;Seok-In Na","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500152","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the hole transport layer (HTL) is a crucial component, especially in inverted PSCs, which require enhanced cost efficiency, high mobility, excellent transmittance, and stability. The performance of inverted perovskite solar cells remains lower than the regular PSCs because of interfacial defects, poor electrical conductivity, and unfavorable band alignment between the perovskite and the HTL (NiOx). In this work, fluorine-incorporated nickel oxide (F doped NiOx) NPs are prepared using a co-precipitation approach and subsequently used as a HTL in the PSCs. Fluorine is effectively incorporated into the NiOx, resulting in strong bonding and a more stable structure, which passivates the hydroxyl groups from the NiOx surface and decreases defect sites. Moreover, fluorine is established as an efficient dopant for nickel oxide, which minimizes the formation of nickel vacancies while simultaneously enhancing the density of Ni³⁺ ions. Additionally, the electronic conductivity was enhanced, and the work function was increased with the F-doped NiOx film, which can facilitate hole extraction and reduce the recombination rate. Therefore, the F-doped NiOx PSCs achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency of up to 20.78%. The F-doped NiOx also lead to improvement in stability under several environmental conditions, such as air, light soaking, and heating (65°C).</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Near Infrared Transparent p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells with Active Area >1 cm2 for Four-Terminal Perovskite/Si Tandem Solar Cells","authors":"Laxmi Laxmi,&nbsp;Venkatesh G. Chityala,&nbsp;Suryanarayan Nayak,&nbsp;Ananta Paul,&nbsp;Saurabh Gupta,&nbsp;Manas Misra,&nbsp;Kashimul Hossain,&nbsp;Mohit Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Sudhanshu Mallick,&nbsp;Dinesh Kabra","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Four-terminal (4-T) perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell is crucial due to the different lifetime of top near-infrared transparent (NIRT) perovskite solar cell (PSC) and bottom silicon (Si) solar cell, and it allows for independent optimization and operation of the top and bottom subcells. Knowing the fact that Si solar cells are well established, we take the opportunity to explore NIRT-PSC which is still reported by selective groups because of challenges associated with sputtered transparent conducting electrode (TCE) deposition. In this study, we have emphasized on passivation engineering, scalability, modifications to the absorber layer thickness, and advancements in electrode design to improve the performance of NIRT-PSC. First, we have optimized thickness of passivating aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) for <i>p-i-n</i> PSCs device with wide bandgap (E_g = 1.67 eV) perovskite absorber. We have achieved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.20% with active area of 0.056 cm² and 19.16% with active area of 0.175 cm² by using an optimized thickness of Al₂O₃ (3 nm) interlayer for opaque devices. Additionally, Al₂O₃ passivated devices (T₈₀ &gt; 1600 h) demonstrated improved stability compared to control devices (T₈₀ ∼ 100 h) under identical measurement conditions. Building on this optimized passivation strategy, we extended the design to NIRT-PSCs, which are crucial for 4-T tandem solar cells. For optimized NIRT-PSCs, (i) we have used thicker perovskite layer, as TCEs do not provide the benefit of back reflection, and (ii) metallization of transparent conducting electrodes to mitigate higher sheet resistance of TCE compared to opaque electrodes. With optimized NIRT-PSCs, we have achieved PCE of 29.14% &amp; 26.86% for active areas of 0.175 and 1.08 cm², respectively, in 4-T perovskite/Si tandem solar cell, where the bottom Si solar cell has the PCE = 25.5%.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking Inorganic Thin-Film Photovoltaics Technologies for Indoor Applications","authors":"Marcel Placidi,&nbsp;Arnau Torrens,&nbsp;Zacharie Jehl Li-Kao,&nbsp;Alex Lopez-Garcia,&nbsp;Oriol Segura,&nbsp;Yuancai Gong,&nbsp;Alex Jimenez-Arguijo,&nbsp;Ivan Caño,&nbsp;Sergio Giraldo,&nbsp;Edgardo Saucedo,&nbsp;Gustavo Alvarez,&nbsp;Yudania Sanchez,&nbsp;Nicolae Spalatu,&nbsp;Ilona Oja,&nbsp;Elisa Artegiani,&nbsp;Alessandro Romeo,&nbsp;Romain Scaffidi,&nbsp;Alejandro Perez-Rodriguez","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The growing demand for sustainable power solutions for Internet of Things (IoT) systems, projected to reach billions of units in the near future, highlights the limitations of battery reliance due to maintenance, environmental concerns, and supply constraints. Inorganic thin-film photovoltaics (PV) technologies (including cadmium telluride, kesterite, antimony chalcogenide, nanometric silicon, and elemental selenium) emerge as promising candidates for indoor applications due to their suitable bandgap energies and very high robustness and stability, as well as their potential to achieve higher efficiencies at indoor illumination conditions. The work reported here compares the optoelectronic performance of several technologies under relevant indoor illumination conditions using a consistent characterization methodology, that encompasses the needs of indoor PV, including a benchmark with commercial state-of-the-art (SoA) a-Si devices. The results show many devices performing surprisingly well indoors, which corroborates their potential for achieving high efficiencies. However, the performance of these devices is compromised at very low irradiance conditions, and this is attributed to the need for optimization of both the shunt resistance and saturation current density.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202500030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-Flame-Induced Grain Boundary Reconstruction for Highly Stable and Efficient Carbon-Based CsPbBr3 Perovskite Laser Cells","authors":"Lin Ye,&nbsp;Zengyi Wang,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Lele Zhang,&nbsp;Ziling Zhang,&nbsp;Yuxin Han,&nbsp;Xingbo Han,&nbsp;Jianhua Han,&nbsp;Hong Lin","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500276","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Choosing the appropriate laser-electrical converter in laser power transmission (LPT) technology is crucial. However, the laser-electrical converter in LPT technology remains largely unexplored, particularly in perovskite cells. CsPbBr₃ perovskite demonstrates excellent stability against moisture, radiation, and heat. Moreover, owing to the wide bandgap of CsPbBr₃, the devices utilizing this absorber demonstrate high open-circuit voltage, making them suitable for carbon-based perovskite laser cells (C-PLCs). In this study, we introduced p-type CuSCN nanocrystals as the modifier of CsPbBr₃ and proposed a simple method for constructing CuSCN-CsPbBr₃ gradient hybrid films. It is noteworthy that the flammability of CuSCN facilitates micro-flame-induced surface recrystallization and grain boundary reconstruction during the annealing process. As expected, the crystallinity and absorbance intensity of the photo-responsive layer were optimized. The trap states were passivated, and carrier transport and extraction were accelerated. Consequently, the photovoltaic performance of C-PLCs was enhanced by embedding CuSCN into CsPbBr₃. What is particularly exciting is that the C-PLCs modified with CuSCN exhibit an impressive power conversion efficiency of 56.57% and a high open-circuit voltage of 1.52 V. This shows that C-PLCs utilizing a CuSCN-CsPbBr₃ hybrid film exhibit significant potential for use in LPT technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-Additive Doping Enables the Efficiency of Underwater Perovskite Laser Power Converters Exceed 50%","authors":"Zhenghao Huan,&nbsp;Guodong Zhang,&nbsp;Zhongchao Zhou,&nbsp;Kang Wei,&nbsp;Jian Song,&nbsp;Yifan Zheng,&nbsp;Yuchuan Shao","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500264","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While laser wireless power transfer (LWPT) technology possesses transformative potential for powering autonomous underwater vehicles, laser power converters (LPCs) based on conventional III–V materials experience significant efficiency losses in aquatic environments. As a superior alternative candidate, wide-bandgap formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr₃) perovskite demonstrates considerable potential for achieving highly efficient LPCs. However, FAPbBr₃ is often susceptible to various bulk and interfacial defects due to its rapid and uncontrollable crystallization process, rendering the formation of uniform and dense <i>α</i>-phase perovskite films challenging. In this study, a dual-additive strategy is introduced, wherein rubidium iodide (RbI) cooperates with methylammonium chloride (MACl) to facilitate the attainment of high-quality FAPbBr₃ crystals. As a result, the RbI-treated LPC achieves a champion power conversion efficiency of 54.03% under 70 mW cm⁻² @ 532 nm laser irradiation. Moreover, the device exhibits significantly enhanced long-term storage (<i>T</i>₉₂ @ 25°C 1800 h) and thermal stability (<i>T</i>₉₀ @ 80°C 500 h). This work provides valuable insights and foundational knowledge for the development of perovskite LPCs and their application in underwater LWPT systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Mechanically Robust and Environmentally Stable Light-Weight Colored Photovoltaic Modules Based on Composite Polymer Backsheets","authors":"Umang Desai,&nbsp;Marie Courtant,&nbsp;Gabriele C. Eder,&nbsp;Gernot Oreski,&nbsp;Antonin Faes,&nbsp;Christophe Ballif","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500177","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reliable and esthetically pleasing lightweight photovoltaic modules for building integration are expected to grow interest in the consumer market, especially for retrofitting older buildings and storehouses that are not structurally designed to withstand additional dead-weight. The present work reveals the design of a novel module architecture attaining a total weight &lt;6 kg/m². The approach uses a highly transparent polymeric foil as the front pane and as an encapsulant to maintain optical coupling between the cell and the incident solar radiation, while the mechanical rigidity of module is maintained by the use of a composite backsheet, which consists of a polypropylene-based honeycomb sandwiched between two layers of fiber reinforced skins. Two polypropylene skin variants were evaluated, with fiber densities of 820 and 660 g/m². For esthetical improvement of the lightweight PV modules, a colored interlayer foil was used. Reliability testing included flexural bending and static mechanical load tests, environmental tests like, damp-heat, ultraviolet radiation, thermal cycling, and humidity freeze. Several other critical tests, like hail-impact test and fire-ignition test, were also performed to check the potential of these architectures for building integration. The fiber density in skins of composite backsheets impacted the performance of modules against mechanical loads.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensifying Chelation of Pb-Related Defects for Enhancing Stability in Halide Perovskite Thin-Film Solar Cells","authors":"Seongheon Kim,&nbsp;Seong Ho Cho,&nbsp;Kiwan Jeong,&nbsp;Jieun Lee,&nbsp;Yonghoon Jung,&nbsp;Mansoo Choi,&nbsp;Yun Seog Lee","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500212","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Halide perovskite-based thin-film solar cells have achieved remarkable power conversion efficiency, yet stability issues linked to Pb-related defects pose significant challenges. These defects, predominantly forming during film fabrication, particularly at surfaces and grain boundaries, create nonradiative recombination centers that also accelerate device degradation. To mitigate these defects, a chelation-based passivation strategy is introduced, particularly through antisolvent additive engineering. A range of natural organic chelating agents, including adipic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid, is employed to passivate Pb-related defects by forming polydentate bonds with uncoordinated Pb²⁺ ions at surfaces and grain boundaries. This chelation-based passivation strategy effectively reduces nonradiative recombination and improves interfacial charge extraction. Notably, perovskite solar cells treated with citric acid demonstrate an increase in power conversion efficiency from 20.7% to 22.0%, along with sustained stability, maintaining over 90% of their initial efficiency after 150 h of operation under continuous illumination in ambient air without any encapsulation, highlighting the potential of environmentally friendly chelating agents in improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202500212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Stoichiometric Tuning for High-Efficiency and Light Illumination Stability in Sn–Pb Perovskite Solar Cells by PbBr2 Wet Surface Treatment","authors":"Md. Abdul Karim,&nbsp;Yulu He,&nbsp;Wasif Islam Chowdhury,&nbsp;Md. Emrul Kayesh,&nbsp;Towhid H. Chowdhury,&nbsp;Shamim Ahmmed,&nbsp;Takeaki Sakurai,&nbsp;Ashraful Islam","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500225","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tin–lead (Sn–Pb) mixed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising as bottom subcells in all-perovskite tandem solar cells, but the oxidation of Sn²⁺ remains challenging for long-term stability. This study reveals a compositional gradient in Sn–Pb perovskite films, where excess Sn ions accumulate at the surface, intensifying oxidation and recombination losses. To address this issue, we introduce a PbBr₂-TOAB wet surface treatment strategy during the fabrication of Sn–Pb perovskite films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirms that this treatment achieves more balanced Sn:Pb stoichiometry from ~4.36:1 to ~2.74:1, ensuring improved film quality and resistance to Sn²⁺ oxidation. The treatment strategy boosts the power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 21.61% (0.09 cm²), with an independently certified (from the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology) PCE of 19.12%, compared to 21.13% for control PSCs. Moreover, target larger PSCs (1 cm²) achieved an impressive PCE of 20.83%. The target PSCs show enhanced stability, retaining 80% of their initial PCE after 50 h of continuous light soaking. More importantly, encapsulated target PSCs maintain 95% of their initial PCE for 300 s under continuous illumination at maximum power point tracking conditions. Time-dependent photoluminescence examination confirms that PbBr₂-TOAB treatment significantly reduces ion migration, improving stability under light illumination.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202500225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cesium Iodide Electron-Selective Passivated Contact for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells","authors":"Lanxiang Meng,&nbsp;Wenxian Wang,&nbsp;Linkun Zhang,&nbsp;Wenjie Lin,&nbsp;Huili Han,&nbsp;Li Hou,&nbsp;JianJian Fu,&nbsp;Zunwei Zhu,&nbsp;Linghao Zhu,&nbsp;Shishuai Xu,&nbsp;Hui Shen,&nbsp;Zongcun Liang","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dopant-free carrier-selective contacts have the potential to overcome parasitic absorption and doping-related recombination associated with heavy doping. It offers a simpler preparation process and low-temperature fabrication, which has attracted considerable research interest. This study demonstrated a novel full-area dopant-free cesium iodide (CsI, approximately 3 nm thick) as an electron-selective and passivation contact for crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells via thermal evaporation, achieving a champion power conversion efficiency of 21.75%. Desired Ohmic contacts, with contact resistivity around 3 mΩ·cm², are formed between lightly doped n-type c-Si and metal electrodes (such as Ag, Al, and Mg) by inserting nanoscale CsI films. CsI film exhibits surprising insensitivity when in contact with the metal electrode. Furthermore, it is found that the thermal evaporation deposition CsI on n-Si exhibits passivation properties at their interface due to the field passivation of n⁺-n junctions and the chemical passivation of Si-I bonds. Additionally, the stability of CsI is enhanced through thermal annealing, maintaining the stability of contact properties below 300°C. The CsI film offers a dual effect of selective carrier transport and reduced recombination, which simplifies the production process and expands the application of cesium-based materials in photovoltaic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}