{"title":"Moderating Crystallization of Wide-Bandgap Perovskites with Dual Anchoring Passivator Enables Efficient and Stable Solar Cells and Modules","authors":"Zhipeng Jiao, Peng Mao, Weihui Bi, Jun Lv, Po-Chuan Yang, Shen Xing, Yufei Zhong","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells are essential for advancing tandem and indoor devices. However, Br-rich WBG devices still suffer from poor morphology, significant open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i><sub>OC</sub>) loss, and instability due to their rapid crystallization and defect-rich nature to date. Herein, an amino acid derivative additive, <i>N</i>-(Chloroacetyl)glycine ethyl ester (CGEE), is introduced to address the above challenges. It is found that CGEE effectively regulates the pace of perovskite crystal growth through dual interactions with PbI<sub>2</sub> and FAI. Furthermore, the carbonyl group of CGEE passivates perovskite defects, therefore suppressing nonradiative recombination and enhancing stability of the devices. By leveraging the multifunctional properties of CGEE, it can retard crystallization process, mitigate film stress, improve interfacial energetic alignment, and passivate lattice defects. With these merits, small-area inverted devices achieved a champion efficiency of 22.23% (compared to 20.68% in control device) and an exceptional fill factor of 85.59%, with negligible efficiency decay over 1000 h observation period. Additionally, a 5 × 5 cm mini-module with an effective area of 12.8 cm<sup>2</sup> is fabricated, exhibiting good uniformity and achieving a champion efficiency of 16.4%. These findings provide new insights for preparing efficient and stable WBG perovskite devices for future tandem and indoor applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1002/solr.202500002
Abdalrhman G. Al-Gamal, Ahmed Mourtada Elseman, Khalid I. Kabel
{"title":"Advances in Nitrogen-Functionalized Graphene for Enhanced Photovoltaic Applications","authors":"Abdalrhman G. Al-Gamal, Ahmed Mourtada Elseman, Khalid I. Kabel","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nitrogen-functionalized graphene (N-FG) derivatives are versatile materials with broad chemical applicability and straightforward preparation methods. N-FG involves grafting nitrogen compounds onto graphene, categorized as ammonium hydroxide, amines, and quaternary ammonium salts. This review highlights N-FG synthesis via chemical, thermochemical, electrochemical, and electromagnetic methods. It emphasizes N-FG's role in photovoltaic (PV) technologies, particularly perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In PSCs, N-FG excels as an interfacial layer, enhancing performance when in direct contact with perovskite films. In DSSCs, its applications include Pt-free cathodes, photoanodes, and electrolyte additives, achieving power conversion efficiencies of 8–8.5%. The review also explores N-FG's potential in other PV technologies, such as thin-film and silicon solar cells, while addressing challenges and opportunities for advancing its role in sustainable energy solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1002/solr.202400804
Zi Qi Chen, Aldrich Ngan, Christopher Chan, Jaeha Lee, David Dwi Sanjaya, Frank Gu
{"title":"Lighting the Path to Practical Applications of Single-Atom Catalysts in Photocatalysis: The Role of Platinum Group Single Atoms in Enhancing Catalytic Activity","authors":"Zi Qi Chen, Aldrich Ngan, Christopher Chan, Jaeha Lee, David Dwi Sanjaya, Frank Gu","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400804","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000Single-atom catalysts (SACs) show promise because of their efficient use of precious metals, unique coordination and electronic structures, and excellent tunability. Photocatalysis can harvest solar energy to drive energetically unfavorable reactions under mild conditions, offering a sustainable alternative to energy-intensive reactions. However, the efficiency of solar photocatalysis is limited by poor solar spectrum utilization and rapid charge recombination. Integrating single atoms into semiconductor photocatalysts is a promising route to address these limitations. Mechanistic understanding of single-atom photocatalysis is crucial for developing efficient catalysts as they guide effective material design. This work provides an overview of the current knowledge on platinum group SACs applied to photocatalytic applications with a focus on the role of single atoms in photocatalytic reactions. The review begins with a summary of the unique advantages of platinum group metal SACs as well as their common structures. A concise summary of synthesis methods is then provided, followed by a comprehensive review of characterization methods for SAC structure, photoelectronic properties, and mechanisms of action. Next, the role of single atoms in improving general photocatalytic processes as well as specific reactions are discussed. Finally, future outlooks for SAC development are included to guide further advancements in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202400804","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1002/solr.202400849
Usman Ali Shah, Gyanendra Shankar, Claudia Malerba, Pier Paolo Bonaccini, Francesca Zarotti, Vittoria Novelli, Aldo Di Carlo, Alberto Mittiga, Francesco Biccari, Emanuele Calabrò
{"title":"Comparative Study of Different Passivation Layers for n-i-p Perovskite Solar Cell for Indoor Applications","authors":"Usman Ali Shah, Gyanendra Shankar, Claudia Malerba, Pier Paolo Bonaccini, Francesca Zarotti, Vittoria Novelli, Aldo Di Carlo, Alberto Mittiga, Francesco Biccari, Emanuele Calabrò","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400849","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Indoor photovoltaics (IPV) plays a critical role in powering low-consumption devices within the rapidly growing Internet of Things (IoT). Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated impressive indoor power conversion efficiencies (iPCEs) exceeding 40%, driven by advancements in bulk and surface passivation techniques. These approaches mitigate trap states and recombination losses, significantly enhancing device efficiency and long-term stability. This study investigates the impact of surface passivation on the PSC performance by employing iodide-based passivators—phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI), octylammonium iodide (OAI), and guanidinium iodide (GUI)—alongside the Lewis base molecule 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (DPPP), which, to the best of our knowledge, is introduced for the first time in n-i-p structured PSCs. SEM and XRD analyses revealed that DPPP-passivated samples exhibited superior morphological and structural stability after long-term ambient aging compared to other passivations. Under indoor 1000 Lx LED light illumination, the DPPP-passivated device achieved an iPCE of 33.14%, closely approaching the highest iPCE of 34.47% obtained with PEAI. Furthermore, the DPPP-passivated device demonstrated the highest stability under thermal stress (85°C) with a T80 of 753 h. This study highlights the impact of passivation layers on PSC performance and stability under low light conditions, paving the way for more effective strategies to advance perovskite materials in IPV applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-03-02DOI: 10.1002/solr.202400860
Yerin Lee, Hoyoung Song, Dongjin Choi, MyeongSeob Sim, Donghwan Kim, Yoonmook Kang, Hae-Seok Lee
{"title":"Improving the Performance of Bifacial Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact Solar Cells: Insights into Firing-Induced Degradation Mechanisms","authors":"Yerin Lee, Hoyoung Song, Dongjin Choi, MyeongSeob Sim, Donghwan Kim, Yoonmook Kang, Hae-Seok Lee","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400860","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000Tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) solar cells achieve efficiencies exceeding 26% by incorporating a heavily doped poly-Si layer with a tunnel oxide, with recent efforts focusing on enhancing the rear passivation structure. In industrial TOPCon cells, the high-temperature firing process during metal contact formation degrades the passivation quality of poly-Si/SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> contacts, necessitating improvements to maintain cell performance. While previous studies examine degradation factors related to the rear structure, research on mechanisms driven by the firing process remains limited. This study identifies how excess hydrogen, rather than phosphorus in-diffusion, degrades passivation quality by diffusing from SiN<sub><i>x</i></sub> into SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> during the firing process. Thermal stress during the firing process dissociates c-Si/SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> bonds, while interstitial hydrogen accumulates at the SiO<i><sub>x</sub></i> interface and forms hydrogen pores as defects, reducing passivation quality. To mitigate this, we introduce an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layer as a hydrogen diffusion barrier, effectively preventing hydrogen diffusion into SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>. This approach increases the implied open-circuit voltage (iV<sub>oc</sub>) after firing, achieving a record 729.8 mV with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SiN<sub><i>x</i></sub> double passivation layers. These findings advance the understanding of degradation mechanisms in industrial TOPCon solar cells during firing and offer practical strategies for optimizing industrial-scale solar cell manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1002/solr.202400901
Zhengjie Xu, Jianing Wang, Qiang Lou, Yufeng Jin, Hong Meng, Hang Zhou
{"title":"Tailoring Iodide-Capturing Molecules for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells Based on P3HT","authors":"Zhengjie Xu, Jianing Wang, Qiang Lou, Yufeng Jin, Hong Meng, Hang Zhou","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400901","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) has attracted significant interest due to its cost-effective synthesis, high purity, and stable film properties. However, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells is limited by energy-level mismatches and nonradiative recombination at the P3HT/perovskite interface. In this study, we introduce the 2,7-dimetapyridinebenzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-b]benzofuran (Mpy-BTBF) small molecule, which features extended <i>π</i>-conjugation and lone pair electrons from oxygen and sulfur atoms. Incorporating Mpy-BTBF into P3HT (M-P3HT) improves charge transport and passivates iodine-related defects, achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.36%, surpassing the pristine P3HT-based device (14.49%). With further Li salts doping, the champion PCE increased to 21.24 from 17.30%. Finally, M-P3HT-based devices maintained over 70% of their efficiency after 600 h of aging at 60% relative humidity and 60°C.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1002/solr.202400896
Xinjie Liu, Yanqing Zhu, Bo Zhang, Jiahui Chen, Bingxin Duan, Min Hu, Peiran Hou, Junye Pan, Yuchen Pan, Qiqing Luo, Yanxi Li, Yijie Wang, Kan Liu, Jianfeng Lu
{"title":"Slot-Die Coating of Ammonium Salt Passivation Layer for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules","authors":"Xinjie Liu, Yanqing Zhu, Bo Zhang, Jiahui Chen, Bingxin Duan, Min Hu, Peiran Hou, Junye Pan, Yuchen Pan, Qiqing Luo, Yanxi Li, Yijie Wang, Kan Liu, Jianfeng Lu","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400896","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scaling up high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) while avoiding losses in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is a challenging task. Surface passivation of the perovskite film has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to mitigate PCE losses. However, there is limited research on scalable surface passivation techniques. Herein, we studied how to develop a slot-die coating technique applying for passivation layers to PSCs, which can be adapted for industrial-scale production. Molecular structure of passivators and coating parameters have been systematically optimized to achieve high-quality film morphology, which enable effectively inhibition of interface recombination. As a result, champion efficiencies of 22.4% for small-size solar cells (0.16 cm<sup>2</sup>) and 18.3% for solar modules (10.0 cm<sup>2</sup>) have been achieved with 4-bromophenethylammonium chloride. Moreover, the encapsulated solar cells retained 89% of their initial performance after continuous operation under 100 mW·cm<sup>2</sup> illumination for 400 h.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced Photothermal Property of Dithienoindacenodithiophene Molecules by [2 + 2] Cycloaddition–Retroelectrocyclization Reaction for Efficient Solar Steam Generation","authors":"Chia-Yang Lin, Shohei Shimizu, Yoshimitsu Sagara, Hidetoshi Matsumoto, Tsuyoshi Michinobu","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400803","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of efficient photothermal materials for solar steam generation (SSG) garners significant interest as a solution to the global clean water scarcity crisis. Photothermal properties of organic molecules can be fine-tuned by molecular design. Despite this fact, the use of organic small-molecular photothermal materials in SSG applications is seldom explored due to their limited optical absorption range for solar energy harvesting. In this research, 6,6,12,12-tetrakis(4-octylphenyl)dithieno[2,3-<i>d</i>:2′,3′-<i>d</i>′]-<i>s</i>-indaceno[1,2-<i>b</i>:5,6-<i>b</i>′]dithiophene (DTIDT) is focused upon as the potent conjugated core unit, and the [2 + 2] cycloaddition–retroelectrocyclization (CA-RE) reaction is applied to introduce additional intramolecular charge-transfer chromophores. DTIDT derivatives exhibit broad optical absorption, weak photoluminescence, and high nonradiative decay rates, which are useful for efficient photothermal conversion. In addition, the DTIDT derivatives are placed on the top surface of a filter paper, and the SSG devices are fabricated as a Janus membrane to enhance the solar-to-vapor efficiency. The DTIDT derivatives produced by the [2 + 2] CA-RE exhibit a maximum efficiency of 78.3% under simulated sunlight irradiation for 30 min. The result suggests that the CA-RE reaction is an effective method for synthesizing organic photothermal materials tailored for SSG applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202400803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-02-23DOI: 10.1002/solr.202400798
Fengshi Chen, Yao Wang, Abd. Rashid bin Mohd Yusoff, Yaming Yu, Peng Gao
{"title":"Unlocking the Potential of Rare Earth-Doped Down-Conversion Materials for Enhanced Solar Cell Performance and Durability","authors":"Fengshi Chen, Yao Wang, Abd. Rashid bin Mohd Yusoff, Yaming Yu, Peng Gao","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400798","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Solar energy, as a renewable resource, offers an excellent solution to the increasing global energy demand. Solar cells convert solar energy into electricity, prompting extensive research in this field in recent years. However, enhancing solar cell efficiency presents several challenges. Currently, solar cells can only utilize a limited portion of the solar spectrum, as most UV and infrared light remain unabsorbed. Additionally, UV light can compromise the stability of solar cells. Therefore, optimizing the utilization of solar photons across the spectrum is essential for improving both the efficiency and stability of these devices. Down-conversion (DC) technology, also known as quantum cutting, effectively enhances the spectral absorption of solar cells, thereby increasing their efficiency and stability. Rare earth ions, with their unique electronic configurations and optical properties, are pivotal in DC research related to solar cells. This review discusses the principles of DC technology and the synthesis of DC materials, emphasizing the application of rare earth-based DC materials in enhancing the efficiency and stability of various types of solar cells and their role in modifying the solar spectrum.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar RRLPub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1002/solr.202400902
Sujung Park, Febrian Tri Adhi Wibowo, Dohui Kim, Jina Roe, Jin Hee Lee, Jung Hwa Seo, Jin Young Kim, Sung-Yeon Jang, Shinuk Cho
{"title":"Interface Engineering with BPhen:Cs2CO3 for High-Performance and Stable Inverted Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells","authors":"Sujung Park, Febrian Tri Adhi Wibowo, Dohui Kim, Jina Roe, Jin Hee Lee, Jung Hwa Seo, Jin Young Kim, Sung-Yeon Jang, Shinuk Cho","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400902","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The widely used ZnO electron transport layer in inverted nonfullerene organic solar cells (nf-OSCs) offers advantages such as excellent electron mobility and optical transparency. However, challenges arise from surface defects in solution-processed ZnO, where oxygen-containing defects can penetrate the photoactive layer, leading to photocatalytic reactions with nonfullerene acceptors under UV light, thereby compromising device stability. Another challenge is that most recent high-efficiency nf-OSCs employ conventional structures, while inverted structures exhibit comparatively lower performance. To develop stable and high-performance inverted nf-OSCs, interface modification is essential to mitigate photocatalytic issues and enhance the relatively lower power conversion efficiency (PCE). To overcome these limitations, we introduce bathophenanthroline (BPhen) doped with Cs<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>. The BPhen:Cs<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> layer creates suitable energy levels, enhancing electron transport and reducing charge recombination. This approach significantly improves current density and fill factor, resulting in a notable enhancement in the PCE of pristine ZnO devices from 15.54% to 17.09% in PM6:Y6 inverted nf-OSCs. Furthermore, ZnO/BPhen:Cs<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> devices exhibit excellent stability, retaining ~83% of their initial efficiency even after 1000 h without encapsulation, showcasing superior stability compared to pristine ZnO-based devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}