{"title":"短路条件下稳态载流子分布——电场的作用和同型pn太阳能电池的发电速率分布","authors":"Isshin Sumiyoshi, Yoshitaro Nose","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500437","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Short-circuit current density (<i>J</i><sub>SC</sub>) represents the maximum extractable current for photovoltaics, and closing the gap to its radiative limit is crucial for advanced and emerging technologies. However, analysis of its losses remains unstructured, because the classical current density expression—proportional to carrier concentration and gradient of quasi-Fermi levels—becomes cumbersome under short-circuit conditions. Most simulations therefore focus on the maximum-power point, leaving no clear framework for pinpointing <i>J</i><sub>SC</sub> losses or developing design guidelines. Here, we address this issue using a charge-balance framework, in which the divergence of current density equals the net generation at steady state. This formulation reduces the analysis of <i>J</i><sub>SC</sub> to identifying the dominant factors governing the excess carrier distribution under short circuit conditions—an approach that constitutes the main contribution of this work. Systematic SCAPS-1D simulations of <i>homo-pn</i> solar cells reveal that this distribution is governed primarily by the internal electric field, rather than the equilibrium carrier concentration, although both drift and diffusion contribute. Analysis using infinitesimal photogeneration slices further shows that each excess carrier distribution consists of a peak at the generation site and tails extending into nongeneration regions, both of which drive recombination. This framework offers a direct, quantitative route for identifying and minimizing <i>J</i><sub>SC</sub> losses.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202500437","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Steady-State Carrier Distribution under Short-Circuit Conditions—Role of Electric Field and Generation Rate Profiles in homo-pn Solar Cells\",\"authors\":\"Isshin Sumiyoshi, Yoshitaro Nose\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/solr.202500437\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Short-circuit current density (<i>J</i><sub>SC</sub>) represents the maximum extractable current for photovoltaics, and closing the gap to its radiative limit is crucial for advanced and emerging technologies. However, analysis of its losses remains unstructured, because the classical current density expression—proportional to carrier concentration and gradient of quasi-Fermi levels—becomes cumbersome under short-circuit conditions. Most simulations therefore focus on the maximum-power point, leaving no clear framework for pinpointing <i>J</i><sub>SC</sub> losses or developing design guidelines. Here, we address this issue using a charge-balance framework, in which the divergence of current density equals the net generation at steady state. This formulation reduces the analysis of <i>J</i><sub>SC</sub> to identifying the dominant factors governing the excess carrier distribution under short circuit conditions—an approach that constitutes the main contribution of this work. Systematic SCAPS-1D simulations of <i>homo-pn</i> solar cells reveal that this distribution is governed primarily by the internal electric field, rather than the equilibrium carrier concentration, although both drift and diffusion contribute. Analysis using infinitesimal photogeneration slices further shows that each excess carrier distribution consists of a peak at the generation site and tails extending into nongeneration regions, both of which drive recombination. This framework offers a direct, quantitative route for identifying and minimizing <i>J</i><sub>SC</sub> losses.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":230,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Solar RRL\",\"volume\":\"9 19\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-05\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202500437\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Solar RRL\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/solr.202500437\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENERGY & FUELS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Solar RRL","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/solr.202500437","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Steady-State Carrier Distribution under Short-Circuit Conditions—Role of Electric Field and Generation Rate Profiles in homo-pn Solar Cells
Short-circuit current density (JSC) represents the maximum extractable current for photovoltaics, and closing the gap to its radiative limit is crucial for advanced and emerging technologies. However, analysis of its losses remains unstructured, because the classical current density expression—proportional to carrier concentration and gradient of quasi-Fermi levels—becomes cumbersome under short-circuit conditions. Most simulations therefore focus on the maximum-power point, leaving no clear framework for pinpointing JSC losses or developing design guidelines. Here, we address this issue using a charge-balance framework, in which the divergence of current density equals the net generation at steady state. This formulation reduces the analysis of JSC to identifying the dominant factors governing the excess carrier distribution under short circuit conditions—an approach that constitutes the main contribution of this work. Systematic SCAPS-1D simulations of homo-pn solar cells reveal that this distribution is governed primarily by the internal electric field, rather than the equilibrium carrier concentration, although both drift and diffusion contribute. Analysis using infinitesimal photogeneration slices further shows that each excess carrier distribution consists of a peak at the generation site and tails extending into nongeneration regions, both of which drive recombination. This framework offers a direct, quantitative route for identifying and minimizing JSC losses.
Solar RRLPhysics and Astronomy-Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
CiteScore
12.10
自引率
6.30%
发文量
460
期刊介绍:
Solar RRL, formerly known as Rapid Research Letters, has evolved to embrace a broader and more encompassing format. We publish Research Articles and Reviews covering all facets of solar energy conversion. This includes, but is not limited to, photovoltaics and solar cells (both established and emerging systems), as well as the development, characterization, and optimization of materials and devices. Additionally, we cover topics such as photovoltaic modules and systems, their installation and deployment, photocatalysis, solar fuels, photothermal and photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion, energy distribution, grid issues, and other relevant aspects. Join us in exploring the latest advancements in solar energy conversion research.