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Initial seedling growth rates in a semi-dwarf spring wheat collection 半矮秆春小麦初苗期生长速率
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2013-01-15 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1987.10634235
G. F. Marais, P. Botma
{"title":"Initial seedling growth rates in a semi-dwarf spring wheat collection","authors":"G. F. Marais, P. Botma","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1987.10634235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1987.10634235","url":null,"abstract":"A relationship was observed between seedling growth rate and seedling emergence under conditions of soil capping. Coleoptile and root growth rates were strongly influenced by the origin of the seed sample and the genotype involved, whereas genotype × environment interactions were small and not significant. A test-cross analysis revealed the presence of strong epistatic effects for the characters coleoptile growth rate and coleoptile diameter. Both additive and dominance variation contributed strongly to the total genetic variation for coleoptile growth rate, while the - dominance appeared to be ambidirectional. Genetic variation for coleoptile diameter was found to be predominantly additive. Whereas both traits were expected to respond well to selection, no consistent correlations with simple plant characteristics could be established, a situation that may limit the utilization of the observed genetic differences through indirect selection.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"35 1","pages":"47-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77709914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Soils derived from granite in two Mt. Garnet toposequences, North Queensland, Australia 澳大利亚北昆士兰两个Mt. Garnet地形序列中花岗岩形成的土壤
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2013-01-15 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1987.10634233
E. Verster
{"title":"Soils derived from granite in two Mt. Garnet toposequences, North Queensland, Australia","authors":"E. Verster","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1987.10634233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1987.10634233","url":null,"abstract":"Two toposequences derived from granite in the Mt. Garnet area, North Queensland, were examined to determine the detailed soil - landform relationships in order to facilitate subsequent broad-scale mapping of the soil resource. The dominant landsurface feature is gently sloping, concave footslopes covered by relatively thick colluvial deposits. It is assumed that these footslopes are attributable to a retreating midslope as well as the colluviation of materials during dry periods of the Late Mid- to End-Pleistocene. Granulometrie parameters indicated a single source of parent material for the footslope soils, although there would seem to be a temporal discontinuity between the A and B horizons. The distribution patterns of the footslope soils (varying from Griffin, Shepstone to Longlands forms) could be explained by means of a simple catenary model, in which profile hydrology, caused by a water surplus generated by the physical environment, played the major role. In extent, the footslope is dominated by th...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"36 1","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90649512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Enkele faktore wat die vruggroei van sitrus beïnvloed
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2013-01-15 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1987.10634228
S. F. D. Plessis, H. D. Plessis
{"title":"Enkele faktore wat die vruggroei van sitrus beïnvloed","authors":"S. F. D. Plessis, H. D. Plessis","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1987.10634228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1987.10634228","url":null,"abstract":"'n Ondersoek het aangetoon dat 'n hoogsbetekenisvolle (r = 0,96) verwantskap bestaan tussen waterverbruik van 'n volwasse sitrusboom en vruggroeitempo. Waterverbruik bereik 'n maksimum van 80–90 l/dag gedurende die periode Desember tot einde Maart, dit is dieselfde tyd wanneer vruggrootte snel toeneem. Sikluslengte van besproeiing speel 'n belangrike rol in vruggroei. 'n Kort sikluslengte lewer egalige vruggroei en dus groot vrugte. Die verskille in vruggrootte tussen twee seisoene vir 'n behandeling waarin geen vogstremming voorgekom het nie, is toegeskryf aan klimaatsverskille veral gedurende die vroee deel van die seisoen (Sept.–Jan.). Vruggroeitempo neem snel toe bokant 26°C.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"32 1","pages":"12-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87230465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Atrazine metabolism in field-grown maize and the effect of atrazine phototoxicity on yield 田间玉米莠去津代谢及莠去津光毒性对产量的影响
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2013-01-15 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1987.10634227
C. Malan, J. Visser, H. Venter
{"title":"Atrazine metabolism in field-grown maize and the effect of atrazine phototoxicity on yield","authors":"C. Malan, J. Visser, H. Venter","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1987.10634227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1987.10634227","url":null,"abstract":"Maize was grown under field conditions, applying conventional farming practices. Atrazine was sprayed pre- emergence at concentrations of 1,25 I ha−1ai. and 5 I ha−1ai. Severe phytotoxicity symptoms were visible from the first- to about the sixth-leaf stage i.e. 25–30 days after planting in the maize plants treated with 5 I ha−1 atrazine. The growth rate of atrazine-treated maize plants was inhibited during this period, whereafter it recovered. No effect on subsequent fresh mass accumulation could be detected when comparing treated plants with the control after about 40–45 days after planting. The inhibition of growth during the early developmental stages had no negative effect on the final yield. Hydroxylation of atrazine as detoxifying mechanism seems to play the major role in the case of root-absorbed atrazine up to approximately 25–30 days after planting.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"95 1","pages":"7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86982393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Improving the fermentation ability of unripe air-cured tobacco 提高未熟烤烟发酵能力
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2013-01-15 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1987.10634237
J. Nel, C. Wall
{"title":"Improving the fermentation ability of unripe air-cured tobacco","authors":"J. Nel, C. Wall","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1987.10634237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1987.10634237","url":null,"abstract":"The fermentation of dark air-cured tobacco depends on its fermentation ability. Dry spells during the growth period can contribute towards unripe tobacco with poor fermentation ability. By blending such tobacco at a 1:1 ratio with tobacco of good fermentation ability, the whole stack could be fermented to a satisfactory end-product. The chemical changes during fermentation of the blended tobacco's resulted in a substantial increase in pH and a corresponding decrease in total volatile bases as opposed to very little change in the stack tobacco with poor fermentation ability only. In addition, the concentrations of malic and citric acids decreased by 95 and 65% respectively during fermentation of the blended tobacco's.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"66 1","pages":"51-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80413814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Leaf water retention of excised leaves as a measure of drought resistance in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes 高粱(sorghum bicolor L. Moench)基因型残叶保水性的测定
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2013-01-15 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1987.10634232
W. Wenzel, W. J. Berg
{"title":"Leaf water retention of excised leaves as a measure of drought resistance in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes","authors":"W. Wenzel, W. J. Berg","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1987.10634232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1987.10634232","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of these experiments was to evaluate the usefulness of the excised leaf water retention capability (ELWRC) technique for screening grain sorghum genotypes for drought resistance. Seven genotypes were planted in a randomized block consisting of four replications. The plants were kept under severe moisture stress. In addition to their ELWRC, the canopy temperature, diffusive resistance, transpiration and yield potential was measured. Significant differences between genotypic means were obtained for ELWRC and yield potential only. These were significantly correlated (r = 0,89). Correlations between the other characteristics are discussed. Only additive genetic variation was detected for ELWRC in a partial diallei of three female and nine male inbred lines. It was concluded that ELWRC was a satisfactory screening technique for drought resistance of the sorghum genotypes included in these experiments.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"85 1","pages":"31-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81225874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Laboratory measurements of ammonia volatilization from five nitrogen-containing fertilizers after surface application at different rates on a neutral to alkaline soil 在中性至碱性土壤上以不同速率施用五种含氮肥料后氨挥发的实验室测量
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2013-01-15 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1987.10634229
C. C. Preez, R. Burger
{"title":"Laboratory measurements of ammonia volatilization from five nitrogen-containing fertilizers after surface application at different rates on a neutral to alkaline soil","authors":"C. C. Preez, R. Burger","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1987.10634229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1987.10634229","url":null,"abstract":"Volatilization losses of NH3 from five fertilizers, namely (NH4)2SO4, LAN, urea, MAP and DAP were determined. The fertilizers were applied to a Bainsvlei soil of which the pH was adjusted to 6,5; 7,6; 8,3 and 9,1. The application levels were equivalent to 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 kg N ha−1. After a contact period of three days NH3 losses were determined. Ammonia was lost from all fertilizers under all treatments. The losses increased with increasing pH values and levels of application. These five nitrogen-containing fertilizers differ significantly from each other with regard to volatilization of NH3. They can be ranked in order of increasing NH3 losses as follows: LAN < MAP < (NH4)2SO4 < DAP < urea. These differences can be explained by the composition and properties of the fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"6 1","pages":"17-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82819313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Die swawelstatus van besproeiingsgronde onder veranderende bemestingspraktyke
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2013-01-15 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1987.10634236
A. V. Schalkwyk, R. D. T. Burger
{"title":"Die swawelstatus van besproeiingsgronde onder veranderende bemestingspraktyke","authors":"A. V. Schalkwyk, R. D. T. Burger","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1987.10634236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1987.10634236","url":null,"abstract":"Die effek van die gebruik van swawelvrye teenoor swawelbevattende bemestingstowwe op die swawelstatus van 'n Mangano-grond van Vaalharts, is met behulp van 'n potproef ondersoek. Waar swawelvrye bemestingstowwe gebruik is was gebreksimptome na die derde snysel reeds duidelik sigbaar by lusern. Daarbenewens het die gebruik van swawelbevattende bemestingstowwe 'n betekenisvolle vermeerdering in die oesmassa sowel as in die swawelkonsentrasie veroorsaak.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"49 1","pages":"49-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77991109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Methods of presenting intercropping results and preliminary results with Zea mays and Phaseolus vulgaris 介绍玉米和菜豆间作结果和初步结果的方法
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2013-01-15 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1987.10634226
M. N. Austin, J. Marais
{"title":"Methods of presenting intercropping results and preliminary results with Zea mays and Phaseolus vulgaris","authors":"M. N. Austin, J. Marais","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1987.10634226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1987.10634226","url":null,"abstract":"Replacement intercropping trials with maize and dry beans were conducted to provide information which could lead to a cropping strategy that would reduce the risk of rainfed crop production in the Ciskei. Attention is focused on the problem of analysing intercropping experiments. It was concluded that more than one method of analysis was necessary. The gross yields obtained as well as the competition effects in terms of the proportion harvested rather than the proportions sown must be examined. Replacement intercropping of maize and beans does not appear to provide a strategy for reducing the risk of rainfed cropping in Ciskei.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87598465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Differential efficacy of tralkoxydim and diclofop-methyl on a suspected resistant ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) biotype 曲烷氧啶和双氯吡肟对一种疑似抗性黑麦草生物型的不同药效
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1999-04-11 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1999.10635005
J. Smit, H. A. Smit, B. D. Villiers
{"title":"Differential efficacy of tralkoxydim and diclofop-methyl on a suspected resistant ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) biotype","authors":"J. Smit, H. A. Smit, B. D. Villiers","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1999.10635005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1999.10635005","url":null,"abstract":"The efficacy of herbicides belonging to the aryloxyphenoxy propionic acids and cyclohexanedione groups was determined on a suspected resistant ryegrass biotype (Lolium rigidum Gaud.). Ryegrass seed was collected in the Southern Cape and germinated in a glasshouse with a day/night temperature regime of 20°C/15°C. Herbicides were applied at the third leaf stage. Tralkoxydim (2-(1-[ethoxyimo)propyl]-3hydroxy-5-(2,4,6-tri methylphenyl)cyclohex-2-enone), (125, 250, 500 and 1250 g a.i. ha-1) and diclofop-methyl (±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlo-rophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid (177.5, 355, 710 and 1775 g a.i. ha-1) were applied. Three formulations of tralkoxydim (SC, EC and WG) were used in the study. Forty-four days after herbicide application, percentage control was measured by means of fresh plant mass. Less than 20 control was obtained with diclofop-methyl at rates up to 1775 g a.i. ha-1 (seven times the registered rate). All the formulations of tralkoxydim provided excellent ryegrass control at 250 g a.i. ha-1. Resista...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"91 1","pages":"169-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79924525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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