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The South African Journal of Plant and Soil最新文献

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Allelopathic effects of Chenopodium album L. and Chenopodium polyspermum L. on another weed and two crop species Chenopodium album L.和Chenopodium polyspermum L.对另一杂草和两种作物的化感作用
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1997-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1997.10635102
C. Reinhardt, R. Meissner, L. V. Wyk
{"title":"Allelopathic effects of Chenopodium album L. and Chenopodium polyspermum L. on another weed and two crop species","authors":"C. Reinhardt, R. Meissner, L. V. Wyk","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1997.10635102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1997.10635102","url":null,"abstract":"Chenopodium album L. and Chenopodium polyspermum L. are cosmopolitan weeds that often cause serious crop yield losses. Although it is well known that both species compete strongly with crops, nothing has been published on their relative allelopathic potentials. Experiments for assessing the allelopathic effects of C. album and C. polyspermum on three indicator species were conducted under controlled conditions. The indicator species were sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. SO 222), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Heinz 1370) and the cosmopolitan weed Indian goosegrass (Eleusine indica subsp. indica (L.) Gaertn.). Top growth of mature C. album and C. polyspermum plants was freeze-dried, milled to a coarse powder and gamma-irradiated. Steam-sterilized soil was mixed with the powdered material to reach a concentration of 1% for each donor species. The control treatments consisted of an untreated soil and the same soil containing 1% extracted material of the donor species. Only sunflower and tomato s...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"1 1","pages":"165-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82828656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
The use of acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine the effect of locality of growth on the protein profiles of barley, wheat and honeybush tea 用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测定了生长地点对大麦、小麦和蜜树茶蛋白质谱的影响
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1997.10635095
O. T. Villiers, M. Bosman
{"title":"The use of acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine the effect of locality of growth on the protein profiles of barley, wheat and honeybush tea","authors":"O. T. Villiers, M. Bosman","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1997.10635095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1997.10635095","url":null,"abstract":"Acid Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE) of proteins was used to identify different spring wheat cultivare, barley cultivars and Cyclopia species. Experimental conditions for the extraction of the proteins from single kernels as well as corresponding flour samples are described. Different solvents for extracting the proteins are mentioned. An electrophoretic formula was prepared for each cultivar and species using relative band mobility and staining intensities of protein bands. Distinctive band patterns were obtained. Cultivars and species collected on different locations were subsequently analysed.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"120 1","pages":"131-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75788587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Number of isolates of maize root fungi in different crop rotation systems 不同轮作制度下玉米根真菌的分离株数
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1997.10635094
E. Smit, G. V. Rensburg, F. Rijkenberg
{"title":"Number of isolates of maize root fungi in different crop rotation systems","authors":"E. Smit, G. V. Rensburg, F. Rijkenberg","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1997.10635094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1997.10635094","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of monoculture maize and rotation with soybeans, sunflower and groundnuts on the incidence of maize root rot were studied in a long-term rotation trial for three seasons. The number of isolates of the common root colonizing fungi was also determined. Seasonal variables (i.e. moisture) had a significant effect on root discolouration arid results suggested that some environmental conditions, in the presence of certain fungi, contributed more to root discolouration. The spectrum of isolated fungi differed between Seasons and may be ascribed to the effect of variable environmental conditions, particularly rainfall. The highest number of isolates was obtained for Phoma spp. and Fusarium spp .. A significant interaction was observed between rotation treatments and seasons on number of isolates of Fusarium equiseti (Corda) Sacc., Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. emend. Snyd. & Hans. and Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid .. The effect of crop rotation on the number of isolates of these fungi were, however, inconsistent and appears to be complex. Fungi were affected differently by various rotation systems, indicating that no single cropping system favoured all fungi. A Significant seasonal effect was found with regard to crop rotation treatments and grain yield. Although this trial was sampled for three successive seasons, crop rotation may have a long-term effect on soil fungus populations which may only be evident after a longer period of time.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"13 1","pages":"127-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81860690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Assessment of macroscopic components of leaf rust resistance in wheat genotypes containing Lr12 and Lr13 含Lr12和Lr13基因型小麦抗叶锈病的宏观成分分析
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1997-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1997.10635085
C. Bender, Z. Pretorius, J. J. Spies
{"title":"Assessment of macroscopic components of leaf rust resistance in wheat genotypes containing Lr12 and Lr13","authors":"C. Bender, Z. Pretorius, J. J. Spies","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1997.10635085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1997.10635085","url":null,"abstract":"Monogenic resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to leaf rust, caused by Puccinia recondita Rob. ex. Desm. f. sp. tritici, has generally not been durable. Durable resistance, as well as an improved expression of resistance, have been associated with Lr gene combinations. In this study, the assumption that Lr12 and Lr13 may interact to condition improved resistance to leaf rust, was investigated. Four Thatcher (Tc) x RL6011 F3 lines (13/12–3, 13/12–9, 13/12- 19 and 13/12–40), homozygous for both Lr13 and Lr12, were selected and their leaf rust resistance compared with the parents (CT263 [=TcLr13] and RL6011 [=TcLr12]), the single gene lines Tc/13–22 and TC/12–16, and Thatcher. In addition to infection type studies in seedlings and adult plants, lines were compared according to macroscopic components of resistance, as well as disease ratings in the field. Flag leaf infection type studies showed that Lr12 is effective against most pathotypes of P. recondita f. sp. tritici occurring in South Africa. Conve...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"100 1","pages":"71-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76658082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Response of maize to ammonium nitrate, urea and cogranulated urea-urea phosphate 玉米对硝酸铵、尿素和聚脲-磷酸脲的响应
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1997-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1997.10635083
O. Yerokun
{"title":"Response of maize to ammonium nitrate, urea and cogranulated urea-urea phosphate","authors":"O. Yerokun","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1997.10635083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1997.10635083","url":null,"abstract":"Urea fertilizers may lose N by ammonia volatilization when applied in the field. In order to reduce this loss, modified urea compounds are being used. Not all of them reduce ammonia loss and improve crop yields. A field study was conducted to evaluate the comparative advantage of cogranulated urea-urea phosphate (340 g N kg−1, 73 g P kg−1) over urea (460 g N kg−1) and ammonium nitrate (350 g N kg−1) when supplied as nitrogen fertilizers to maize. The fertilizer granules were applied at rates of 67, 134 and 202 kg N ha−1, as surface-broadcast or soil-incorporated treatments. Fertilizer application increased crop yields and nitrogen uptake, but the sources were not significantly different from each other. Increasing nitrogen supply up to 134 kg N ha−1 improved maize yield and nitrogen uptake. Incorporating the fertilizer with the soil was not better than surface application. The data available suggest that maize responded to cogranulated urea-urea phosphate, urea and ammonium nitrate similarly.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"84 1","pages":"63-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79988781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Pentachlorophenol-contaminated soil bioremediation: survival and efficacy of monoculture inoculants and enrichment of indigenous catabolic populations 五氯酚污染土壤的生物修复:单一栽培接种剂的生存和有效性以及本地分解代谢群体的富集
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1997-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1997.10635086
A. Mcbain, M. Salkinoja-Salonen, E. Senior, C. Plessis, A. Paterson, I. Watson-Craik
{"title":"Pentachlorophenol-contaminated soil bioremediation: survival and efficacy of monoculture inoculants and enrichment of indigenous catabolic populations","authors":"A. Mcbain, M. Salkinoja-Salonen, E. Senior, C. Plessis, A. Paterson, I. Watson-Craik","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1997.10635086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1997.10635086","url":null,"abstract":"Survival and efficacy of monoculture inoculants of Flavobacterium sp. and Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus to bioremediate PCP-contaminated soil were examined under sterile and non-sterile conditions. Both species effected > 40% catabolism in four weeks although inoculant survival was significantly higher with R. chlorophenolicus. Supplements of bark chips or distillery waste with the inoculant did not, initially, promote bioremediation. PCP addition per se effected enrichment of indigenous catabolic populations and this was promoted by the presence of wood chips. Both aerobic and anaerobic enrichments were successful and PCP mineralization under both conditions was recorded. Under anoxic conditions, dehalogenation of o-substituents was dominant although some meta-chlorines were removed. Provisional evidence of two separate isomer-specific dehalogenating populations was obtained.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"20 1","pages":"81-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82529743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Ammonia volatilization from ammonium nitrate, urea and urea phosphate fertilizers applied to alkaline soils 施用于碱性土壤的硝酸铵、尿素和磷肥中氨的挥发
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1997-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1997.10635084
O. Yerokun
{"title":"Ammonia volatilization from ammonium nitrate, urea and urea phosphate fertilizers applied to alkaline soils","authors":"O. Yerokun","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1997.10635084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1997.10635084","url":null,"abstract":"The volatilization of ammonia following applications of urea fertilizers to soils may release significant amounts of N into the atmosphere and reduce the plant available N. This study compared ammonia loss from urea phosphate (170 g N kg−1, 190 g N kg−1), cogranulated urea-urea phosphate (340 g N kg−1, 73 g P kg−1), urea (460 g N kg−1) and ammonium nitrate (350 g N kg−1) granular fertilizers applied to the soil surface at 60, 120 and 200 mg N kg−1 soil. Soil moisture contents were adjusted to 100% and 25% of field moisture capacity at the beginning of the experiment. Ammonia losses from cogranulated urea-urea phosphate and urea were similar, being as much as 7.8% of applied nitrogen in 14 days. Urea phosphate and ammonium nitrate exhibited significantly lower ammonia losses. As the amount of N applied increased, corresponding ammonia loss increased. An initial soil moisture at 25% field moisture capacity caused the fertilizers to lose more ammonia than when the soils were initially at 100% field moisture ...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"114 1","pages":"67-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77766436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Simple regression models for the qualitative prediction of atrazine and terbuthylazine leaching 阿特拉津和特丁拉西嗪浸出定量预测的简单回归模型
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1997-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1997.10635082
C. Reinhardt, K. J. Hugo
{"title":"Simple regression models for the qualitative prediction of atrazine and terbuthylazine leaching","authors":"C. Reinhardt, K. J. Hugo","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1997.10635082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1997.10635082","url":null,"abstract":"Leaching of atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyf-N′-(methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dlamine] and terbuthylazine [6-chloro- N-(1,1-dirnelhylethyt)-N′-ethyl-1,3,5-triazlne-2,4-diamine] was studied in 23 soils by means of the soil thick-layer leaching method. The equivalent of 4 kg ai ha−1 of both herbicides was leached with water equivalent to 129 mm rain Distances leached were measured qualitatively in bioassays with the test plant Tnfolium repens L. Leaching distances in different soils varied from 6–20 cm for atrazine, and from 2–16 cm for terbuthylazine. Atrazine leached at least 10 cm in 13 soils, while terbuthylazine did not move from the zone of application in 12 soils. Of the five soil properties assessed by means of simple regression, organic matter content (%C) and P-reversion were significantly correlated with the leaching distance of atrazine, and %C with the mobility of terbuthylazine. Relationships between herbicide leaching and either total clay content or soil pH were relatively weak. The combination...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"32 1","pages":"58-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74131514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Changes in the organic matter and nutrient contents of some South African irrigated soils 南非一些灌溉土壤有机质和养分含量的变化
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1997-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1997.10635080
C. D. Preez, G. Wiltshire
{"title":"Changes in the organic matter and nutrient contents of some South African irrigated soils","authors":"C. D. Preez, G. Wiltshire","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1997.10635080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1997.10635080","url":null,"abstract":"Cultivation caused, without exception, a decline in the organic matter content of dryland soils in the central regions of South Africa. The question arose as to how cultivation affects the organic matter content of irrigated soils from these regions. The main aim, therefore, was to quantify the effect of cultivation on the organic matter content of soils from three irrigation schemes with virgin soils serving as reference. Virgin and cultivated topsoils (0–200 mm) were sampled from seven sites at Riet River, eight sites at Ramah and six sites at Vaalharts. The sites at each irrigation scheme represented varying periods of cultivation. Soil samples were analysed for particle size distribution, pH, exchangeable Na, K, Mg and Ca, extractable P and Zn, CEC, organic C and total N. The K, P and Zn contents differed significantly between virgin and cultivated soils: K decreased, while P and Zn increased with cultivation and irrigation. Organic C and total N significantly increased at seven sites and decreased at...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"4 1","pages":"49-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81491390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
The influence of Demeton-S-Methyl/Parathion and Imidacloprid on the yield and quality of Russian wheat aphid resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars 敌百灵/对硫磷和吡虫啉对俄罗斯小麦抗、感蚜品种产量和品质的影响
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1997-03-26 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1997.10635091
V. Tolmay, D. Lill, Marie F. Smith
{"title":"The influence of Demeton-S-Methyl/Parathion and Imidacloprid on the yield and quality of Russian wheat aphid resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars","authors":"V. Tolmay, D. Lill, Marie F. Smith","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1997.10635091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1997.10635091","url":null,"abstract":"Russian wheat aphid, (Diuraphis noxia) causes severe damage to wheat in South Africa and producers have been forced to use insecticides for control. Plant resistance to Russian wheat aphid has been successfully transferred into bread wheat cultivars. A split plot field trial was undertaken firstly to compare the yield of susceptible wheat to that of a near-isogenic resistant wheat cultivar in combination with insecticide treatments and secondly to determine whether the inclusion of Russian wheat aphid resistance influences the bread- making quality of the cultivar. Resistant wheat yielded higher indicating that the resistance is effective under field conditions. Seed treatment with Imidacloprid increased yield of wheat in both years. Significant two and three-way interactions were found in both years. No negative effects on dough quality characteristics were associated with Russian wheat aphid resistance.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"3 1","pages":"107-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88769408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
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