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The South African Journal of Plant and Soil最新文献

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Alternative substrates for cultivating oyster mushrooms ( Pleurotus ostreatus ) 培养平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)的替代基质
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2016-04-29 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2015.1079932
M. R. Masevhe, P. Soundy, N. Taylor
{"title":"Alternative substrates for cultivating oyster mushrooms ( Pleurotus ostreatus )","authors":"M. R. Masevhe, P. Soundy, N. Taylor","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2015.1079932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2015.1079932","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat straw has generally been used as the main substrate for cultivating oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus); however, in South Africa it is becoming expensive for small-scale farmers to utilise. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to investigate the use of alternative, but suitable substrates for planting oyster mushrooms. Wheat straw (control), wood chips and thatch grass, selected on account of their year-round availability and low cost, were tested with two drainage treatments (drained or not drained) and replicated four times. Wheat straw showed no contamination, whereas there was contamination in thatch grass and wood chips from weeks 1 to 4. At harvest, a significantly higher cumulative number of flushes, caps and fresh mass of oyster mushrooms was observed in wheat straw and thatch grass compared with wood chips. The results demonstrated that thatch grass could be used as a viable alternative to the commonly used wheat straw.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"110 1","pages":"97-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81645296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
The influence of rainfall on the seasonal abundance and flight activity of the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca in South Africa 降雨对南非玉米茎螟虫季节丰度和飞行活动的影响
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2013-01-16 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1987.10634971
J. V. Rensburg, G. V. Rensburg, J. Giliomee, M. Walters
{"title":"The influence of rainfall on the seasonal abundance and flight activity of the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca in South Africa","authors":"J. V. Rensburg, G. V. Rensburg, J. Giliomee, M. Walters","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1987.10634971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1987.10634971","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempts to demonstrate the extent to which seasonal fluctuations in the number of Busseola fusca (Fuller) moths can be explained by precipitation data. Daily flight activity is shown to be enhanced by cool, humid conditions and restricted by rain. Humidity was shown experimentally to be of importance in the survival of moths under laboratory conditions. It is suspected that the observed relationship between seasonal moth numbers and rainfall is an indirect one and that survival of moths is rather determined by the direct influence of humidity. More serious infestations can therefore be expected during years with favourable rains.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"19 1","pages":"183-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83491179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Factors affecting fruit quality and shelf life of Bon Chretien pears 影响凤梨果实品质及保质期的因素
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2013-01-16 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1987.10634975
H. Zyl, J. Olivier
{"title":"Factors affecting fruit quality and shelf life of Bon Chretien pears","authors":"H. Zyl, J. Olivier","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1987.10634975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1987.10634975","url":null,"abstract":"Bon Chretien pears for canning and the fresh market are grown under various climatic conditions in South Africa. The major orchard factor affecting the shelf life of the fruit after storage seems to be the number of days between full- bloom and the stage at which fruit reaches the optimum firmness of 8 kg. Summer temperature and KiCa ratio in fruit also affected the shelf life. No relation was found between shelf life and total soluble solids or the other mineral nutrients.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"102 1","pages":"201-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80644134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Variations in floristic and palatability composition, yield of veld and of soil characteristics on a paddock scale 在围场尺度上，植物区系和适口性组成、草地产量和土壤特征的变化
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2013-01-16 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1987.10634966
D. Barnes, G. D. Kotzé, B. Beukes, C. Kohlmeyer
{"title":"Variations in floristic and palatability composition, yield of veld and of soil characteristics on a paddock scale","authors":"D. Barnes, G. D. Kotzé, B. Beukes, C. Kohlmeyer","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1987.10634966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1987.10634966","url":null,"abstract":"Five parallel 900-m line-transects were laid out 100 m apart in relatively homogeneous veld. Floristic composition, yields of dry matter, soil forms and series, effective depth, clay content of the top and subsoil, and the pH of the topsoil were determined along the transects. The floristic data were subjected to multivariate classification and ordination analyses, but no meaningful discontinuities were found. Patterns of spatial variation in palatability composition, yield and in the relevant soil characteristics were established. Taking yield and palatability composition as the primary determinants of grazing capacity, it seems from the present and previous studies that spatial variations in one or both of these parameters in local veld are commonly so great that accurate determination of patterns of distribution of grazing capacity within farms is an unrealistic objective. It is suggested that in farm planning only broad assessment of grazing capacity within relatively homogeneous veld should be aimed ...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"36 1","pages":"159-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89953080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Standardization of an experimental micro bread-baking technique for evaluation of wheat cultivars 小麦品种评价试验微面包烘烤技术的标准化
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2013-01-16 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1987.10634977
O. T. Villiers, E. W. Laubscher
{"title":"Standardization of an experimental micro bread-baking technique for evaluation of wheat cultivars","authors":"O. T. Villiers, E. W. Laubscher","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1987.10634977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1987.10634977","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental micro bread-baking technique using 10 g of wheat flour was employed to determine the levels of various ingredients to obtain optimum loaf volumes. Flour samples were mixed with different ingredients and allowed to ferment in a fermentation cabinet for 90 min at 30°C. Thereafter they were proofed for 45 min at 30°C to a height of 4,5 cm and then baked for 13 min at 232°C. The optimum levels of the various bread-baking ingredients were: flour (10 g), sugar (0,6 g), salt (0,15 g), yeast (0,75 g), shortening (0,3 g), malted barley (0,025 g) and ascorbic acid (50 ppm).","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"23 1","pages":"205-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87576846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
South African Journal of Plant and Soil Instructions to Authors 南非植物与土壤杂志作者指南
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2013-01-16 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1987.10634978
P. Hammes, B. Kriel, E. Beyers
{"title":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil Instructions to Authors","authors":"P. Hammes, B. Kriel, E. Beyers","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1987.10634978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1987.10634978","url":null,"abstract":"Single maize plants (Zea mays L cv. SNK 2244) were grown in sand culture in polyethylene tubes (300 mm × 110 mm diam.) in a glasshouse. Apparent photosynthetic rate was determined at intervals during the growing period, using a portable photosynthesis system (LI 6000). Photosynthetic rate was measured for a 1600-mm2 area in the centre of the youngest fully expanded leaf. During each experimental period, photosynthetic rate was measured on the same leaf of the same plant for population densities of 2,7; 5,5 and 11 plants m-2 which were obtained by varying the spacing between the plants. Photosynthetic rate decreased as plant density increased. Even at high solar radiant flux densities, the photosynthetic rate decreased in proportion to the decrease in radiant flux density due to mutual shading of leaves. This indicates that in the absence of other components of inter-plant competition, radiant energy may be a limiting factor in the productivity of maize crops","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"12 1","pages":"208-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88655241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Improving the isolation of actinomycetes from soil by high-speed homogenization 高速均质提高土壤中放线菌的分离效果
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2013-01-16 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1987.10634967
A. Baecker, K. Ryan
{"title":"Improving the isolation of actinomycetes from soil by high-speed homogenization","authors":"A. Baecker, K. Ryan","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1987.10634967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1987.10634967","url":null,"abstract":"Quantitative isolation of actinomycetes from five South African soils with different physical and chemical properties was conducted by hammer-mill comminution followed by high-speed liquid homogenization of resultant soil particles using a shaft homogenizer. Soil homogenates were serially diluted and plated in starch-casein agar and chitin agar for enumeration of isolates. For comparative purposes isolations were also conducted using conventional soil dilution techniques. The results were analysed using a GENSTAT computer program. Analysis showed that homogenization consistently suspended significantly greater numbers of spores from soil particles. Significant differences between magnitudes of actinomycete populations in different soils were also observed. During the initial standardization of the homogenization period required to separate maximum numbers of spores from the soil particles it was found that rates of suspension differed among soils and it is suggested that the particle size distribution and...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"7 1","pages":"165-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89737205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Season and phosphorus age effects on the relationship between maize yield and phosphorus soil test on a highly weathered soil 高风化土上季节和磷龄对玉米产量与磷土试验关系的影响
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2013-01-15 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1987.10634230
M. Farina, P. Channon
{"title":"Season and phosphorus age effects on the relationship between maize yield and phosphorus soil test on a highly weathered soil","authors":"M. Farina, P. Channon","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1987.10634230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1987.10634230","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses data obtained from a long-term N, P, K field experiment with maize (Zea mays L.) on a Normandien clay loam (Plinthic Paleudult) near Newcastle, Natal. After eight seasons plots were split, sub-plots being allowed either to rundown or continuing to receive annual P applications. Soil samples were obtained shortly after fertilization each season and P soil tests were related to final grain yield. The results obtained indicate that although yield maxima varied from 3 000 kg ha−1 in the dry 1981/82 season to over 6 500 kg ha−1 in the more favourable 1983/84 season, there was no meaningful difference in the optimum P soil test using either the Ambic, modified Truog or Bray 1 extractants. Furthermore, the relationship between yield and soil test was identical for residual P subplots and those which received annual applications of fertilizer P.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"49 1","pages":"21-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73836458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Nitrogen losses from urea, UAN and LAN when applied to four different soils 尿素、UAN和LAN在四种不同土壤上的氮损失
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2013-01-15 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1987.10634234
A. Botha
{"title":"Nitrogen losses from urea, UAN and LAN when applied to four different soils","authors":"A. Botha","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1987.10634234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1987.10634234","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen transformations and losses from three nitrogenous fertilizers, urea, urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) and limestone ammonium nitrate (LAN), when applied to four South African soils, were compared in a laboratory study. The highest losses on all these soils were experienced when urea was applied, followed by UAN solution and then LAN. It also appears that a relationship exists between N volatilization and the change in pH of the soil. The lower the buffer capacity or clay content of the soil, the greater the pH change and the nitrogen losses. In the case of LAN, the pH did not rise to above 7 in any of the four soils and no ammonia volatilization was detected. Explanations for the nitrogen losses are proposed and supported with chemical reactions. High soil surface temperatures may result in accelerated mass flow and ammonia volatilization. On the other hand, it was shown that nitrites or nitrous acid promoted denitrification, especially when LAN was applied.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"65 1","pages":"43-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73868822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Water storage, soil temperatures and maize (Zea mays L.) growth for various tillage practices 不同耕作方式的水分储存、土壤温度和玉米(Zea mays L.)生长
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2013-01-15 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1987.10634231
W. Berry, J. Mallett, P. Greenfield
{"title":"Water storage, soil temperatures and maize (Zea mays L.) growth for various tillage practices","authors":"W. Berry, J. Mallett, P. Greenfield","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1987.10634231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1987.10634231","url":null,"abstract":"Four tillage treatments ranging from conventional mouldboard ploughing through to direct-drilling were repeated during the second season of an ongoing experiment. At commencement of the new season, differences in plant- available water (PAW) in the top 600 mm of the soil profile were non-significant. Following primary tillage, a strong trend of lower PAW with increasing degree of tillage was observed until just before anthesis, and again midway through grain-filling. These differences were attributed mainly to reduced evaporation prior to planting under the greater maize residue cover on the less disturbed soil. Residue cover at planting was 83% on the direct-drill, 21% on the chisel, 15% on the chisel & disc, and 4% on the mouldboard ploughed treatments. Maximum soil temperatures at 50 mm depth increased with decreasing residue cover which resulted in quicker seedling emergence, and leaf area development during early vegetative growth. The soil water storage advantage and slower initial growth in the dir...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"102 1","pages":"26-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79431006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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