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The South African Journal of Plant and Soil最新文献

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The aluminium response network in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne): II. Water fluxes and ion transport 多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)的铝响应网络。水通量和离子输运
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1999.10634837
R. Bennet, A. Stewart
{"title":"The aluminium response network in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne): II. Water fluxes and ion transport","authors":"R. Bennet, A. Stewart","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1999.10634837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1999.10634837","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminium toxicity was investigated by analyzing the mineral nutrition and water-use characteristics of hydroponically-grown plants differing in tolerance to Al when subjected to Al (0, 20, 40, 80 μM: pH 4.5) for 28 days. Both lines reacted to Al by increasing their water-use. The Al-tolerant plants were, however, able to control the Al-stimulated water fluxes and progressive increases in water-use (increasing Al) were limited to the Al-sensitive material. Although Al was not generally transported into the foliage, Al treatments nevertheless elicited changes in the composition of the leaves including apparently opposite effects on the Ca, K and P levels found in Al- tolerant and Al-sensitive plants. Analysis of these differences revealed that leaf Ca concentrations were positively related to water-use while leaf K was antagonistically linked to Ca and thus inversely related to the Al- stimulated changes in the plants' water-use. Differences in K nutrition centred around P transport and fluctuations in lea...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"77 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81132904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Detecting nitrogen deficiency on irrigated cash crops using remote sensing methods 利用遥感方法检测灌溉经济作物缺氮
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1999.10634847
P. Fouché
{"title":"Detecting nitrogen deficiency on irrigated cash crops using remote sensing methods","authors":"P. Fouché","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1999.10634847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1999.10634847","url":null,"abstract":"Early detection of nitrogen deficiency on annual agricultural crops can assist the management of N-fertilization to improve crop yields. Low altitude aerial photography is an inexpensive means to assess crop canopy radiation in the near infrared range. In this study, different Nitrogen experiments were laid out on cotton, tobacco and wheat. Nitrogen rates on the tobacco and cotton were 0.50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha1. On a wheat experiment the rates of N were 0.60, 120 and 180 kg N ha−1 with 4 times of application after planting. All these experiments were conducted in 1992 and 1996. Infrared aerial photographs and multi spectral videography were taken of the experiments at certain times using remotely piloted aircraft. These images were processed on a computer and classified into classes of high- and low-N categories using image processing software. A portable spectrometer operating in the 770 nm to 920 mn range was also used to assess N deficiency by measuring the reflected radiation of wheat canopies 7...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"29 1","pages":"59-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81766526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Influence of adjuvants on tetrapion efficacy for nassella tussock (Stipa trichotoma Nees) control and subsequent seedling establishment: a preliminary study 佐剂对毛针蛾(Stipa trichotoma Nees)防治和后续育苗效果影响的初步研究
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1999.10634855
B. Viljoen
{"title":"Influence of adjuvants on tetrapion efficacy for nassella tussock (Stipa trichotoma Nees) control and subsequent seedling establishment: a preliminary study","authors":"B. Viljoen","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1999.10634855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1999.10634855","url":null,"abstract":"Nassella tussock (Stipa trichotoma Nees) is a perennial grass weed that seeds prolifically, resulting in build-up of a large soil seed bank. Due to it's vigorous growth it has the potential to spread rapidly in disturbed environments and overgrazed areas. Field trials were initiated in a dense nassella tussock infestation to assess the influence of various adjuvants (Citowett, Frigate and Reverseal 9) on the herbicide activity of tetrapion (sodium 2, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropion) and to monitor subsequent seedling establishment. Reverseal 9 was the only adjuvant that significantly increased the efficacy of tetrapion at 0.44kg ai ha1, but this level of control achieved (75%) was not considered adequate for large-scale nassella tussock control operations. The next higher rate of tetrapion (0.88 kg ai ha1) was effective in achieving nearly total mortality (98%) with or without the addition of Reverseal 9. This rate also restricted establishment of nassella tussock seedlings for up to 23 months after initial ap...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"9 1","pages":"102-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89390033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Inheritance of flavour in six tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) varieties 六个番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)品种风味的遗传
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1999.10634994
Karen A. Lunt, C. Z. Roux, I. Blokpoel, M. Booyse
{"title":"Inheritance of flavour in six tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) varieties","authors":"Karen A. Lunt, C. Z. Roux, I. Blokpoel, M. Booyse","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1999.10634994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1999.10634994","url":null,"abstract":"Flavour component differences between six tomato varieties and their F1, progenies were investigated. A diallel crossing system, excluding the reciprocal crosses was used. The F-1 and parent varieties were compared by carrying out a sensory evaluation and a chemical component analysis. Statistical analysis of these two data sets revealed significant differences among the F1 and parents for the chemical analysis variables, whereas the sensory variables showed considerably fewer significant differences. The number of correlations found between the chemical analysis and the sensory evaluation were relatively few. In the combining ability analysis, all the chemical analysis variables showed significant differences for general combining ability and specific combining ability. None of the sensory variables showed significant differences for specific combining ability and only one sensory variable, juiciness, showed highly significant differences for general combining ability. Both types of analyses, chemical an...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"12 1","pages":"113-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87371492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The response of Lolium multiflorum (Lam.) to applied phosphorus and potassium on a cricket pitch clay 在板球场粘土上施用磷和钾对何首乌生长的影响
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1999.10635000
N. Tainton, J. Klug, N. Miles, C. Morris
{"title":"The response of Lolium multiflorum (Lam.) to applied phosphorus and potassium on a cricket pitch clay","authors":"N. Tainton, J. Klug, N. Miles, C. Morris","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1999.10635000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1999.10635000","url":null,"abstract":"Lolium multiflorum cv. Barmultra was used to evaluate the P and K status of plants grown on a smectitic soil commonly used for the construction of cricket pitches in the coastal regions of South Africa. Bulli was treated with P and K and, following treatment, soil test levels for P ranged between 2 and 28.5 mg L-1 and for K between 109.5 and 480.5 mg L-1. The amount of P required per unit increase in soil P test value declined sharply as the P application rate increased but the relationship between K applied and soil K test was linear. Plant yield increased asymptotically with increasing soil P level, whereas the response to K was significantly quadratic although relatively small. There was a significant yield interaction between soil P and soil K, with response to K being more marked at high than at low P levels. Potassium addition had a much greater effect on nutrient levels in plant tissue than did P addition but both significantly affected not only the P and K levels in the herbage material, but also ...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"25 1","pages":"143-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83623796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Effect of moisture stress on sorghum yield and its components 水分胁迫对高粱产量及其组成成分的影响
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1999.10635002
W. Wenzel
{"title":"Effect of moisture stress on sorghum yield and its components","authors":"W. Wenzel","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1999.10635002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1999.10635002","url":null,"abstract":"A sample of 48 sorghum varieties and inbred lines were planted in randomized block designs in two trials, one of which was irrigated. The effect of moisture stress on grain yield, tillering, seeds per ear, ear mass, seeds per plot, thousand seed mass, stover mass, biomass and harvest index was quantified for each genotype. Moisture stress resulted in increased tillering while the means of all other characteristics were reduced. Increased tillering caused an increase in grain yield under dryland conditions in those genotypes that indicated least reductions in seed number per ear and seed mass. The value of this screening method which includes both yield and drought resistance is discussed with respect to developing improved cultivars for the target environment.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"1 1","pages":"153-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89818770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Ultrastructural changes caused by post-emergence herbicides in leaves of bengal wandering jew (Commelina benghalensis L.) 出苗后除草剂对孟加拉流浪犹太(Commelina benghalensis L.)叶片超微结构的影响
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1999.10634840
M. I. Ferreira, C. F. Merwe, C. Reinhardt
{"title":"Ultrastructural changes caused by post-emergence herbicides in leaves of bengal wandering jew (Commelina benghalensis L.)","authors":"M. I. Ferreira, C. F. Merwe, C. Reinhardt","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1999.10634840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1999.10634840","url":null,"abstract":"The leaf surface morphology of C. benghalensis and the ultra structura I changes in C. benghalensis leaves caused by herbicide treatments in combination with adjuvants were studied with electron microscopes. The study indicated u It ra structural changes in treated leaves. All treatments caused changes in infrastructure in parenchyma cells. Three days after treatment, thylakoids in parenchyma cells were swollen and disrupted chloroplast envelopes were visible. The chloroplasts appeered swollen and were spherical in shape and also lacked starch grains.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"15 1","pages":"18-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88021337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Effect of planting date of maize on damage and yield loss caused by the stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Lesotho 莱索托玉米播期对茎螟虫危害及产量损失的影响
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1999.10635007
A. Ebenebe, J. Berg, T. V. D. Linde
{"title":"Effect of planting date of maize on damage and yield loss caused by the stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Lesotho","authors":"A. Ebenebe, J. Berg, T. V. D. Linde","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1999.10635007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1999.10635007","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of the time of planting of maize on the incidence of infestation and yield loss caused by Busseola fusca (Fuller) was studied using five successive plantings (early November to early January) during the 1995/96 and 1996/97 growing seasons. B. fusca infestation resulted in yield losses in both early (November) and late (mid-December to early January) plantings. Increased yield loss was observed at later planting dates. Since the earliest incidence of infestation was recorded in January, it was concluded that the second generation of B. fusca moths (of which the flight activity peaks in February) was responsible for infestations in all plantings. Early planting of maize (November) is, therefore, recommended in order to minimise yield loss due to second generation infestation. Seasonal variation in yield loss due to B. fusca damage ranged between 0.4 and 5.3 during the 1995/96 season and between 12.7 and 36.6% during the 1996/97 season.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"43 1","pages":"180-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88186080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Yield components of samples of two wild Mexican common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) populations grown under cultivation 两个野生墨西哥菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)栽培群体样品的产量组成
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1999.10635011
J. S. Bayuelo‐Jiménez, C. B. Peña-Valdivia
{"title":"Yield components of samples of two wild Mexican common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) populations grown under cultivation","authors":"J. S. Bayuelo‐Jiménez, C. B. Peña-Valdivia","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1999.10635011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1999.10635011","url":null,"abstract":"The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an annual crop legume with wild ancestors distributed from Mexico to northern Argentina. In Mexico, wild populations occur throughout this physiographically and climatically diverse country. Such a wide distribution of common bean populations suggests a large genetic variability with variants adapted to different environments with a wide range of morphological traits. In order to know the response of wild common bean to cultivation this study evaluates the yield components, actual yields and their relationship with the morphological traits, of two such wild bean populations. A sample of these populations from contrasting geographical regions, were grown together in an experimental field in the state of Mexico. They were statistically different in the expression of their growth habits. The two populations differed in leaf area, number of leaves per plant, length of main stem and number of main stem nodes, and number of pods and seeds per plant. All these differenc...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"47 1","pages":"197-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89386010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Pre-emergence weed control with metolachlor/flumetsulam mixtures 用甲草胺/氟metmetsulam混合物防治苗期杂草
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1999.10634853
J. V. Biljon, K. J. Hugo, C. J. Merwe, L. V. Wyk
{"title":"Pre-emergence weed control with metolachlor/flumetsulam mixtures","authors":"J. V. Biljon, K. J. Hugo, C. J. Merwe, L. V. Wyk","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1999.10634853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1999.10634853","url":null,"abstract":"Metolachlor (2—chloro—6′—ethyl—N-(2—methoxy—1—methylethyl)acet—o—toluidide) / flumetsulam (2′6′—difluoro—5-methyl[1,2,4] triazolo [1,5—a] pyrimidine—2—sulfonanilide) mixtures were evaluated in 77 field experiments in maize (Zea mays L.), groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), soya beans (Glycine max (L.) Merr and dry beans (Phaseolus spp). Many broadleaf weeds, including Tribulus terrestris, were selectively controlled with a 50:1 mixture. Application rates varied, depending on soil type, from 744 g ai. ha1 metolachlor + 15 g a.i. ha−1 flumetsulam on sandy soils to 1673 g a.i. ha-1 metolachlor + 34 g a i. ha1 flumetsulam on soils with more than 40% clay. Full rotational flexibility exists for field crops on the Highveld after the application of metolachlor/flumetsulam mixtures.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"38 1","pages":"92-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87268062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
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