ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition最新文献

{"title":"Sappho. A song to Kypris. Fr. 26 Neri–Cinti (the first translation into Russian, with the historical and philological commentary)","authors":"Timothey Myakin","doi":"10.25205/1995-4328-2023-17-1-7-361-366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2023-17-1-7-361-366","url":null,"abstract":"The publication contains the first translation of Sappho's \"Song to Kypris\" (Sapph. Fr. 26 Neri–Cinti) into Russian. The translation is prepared on the basis of the latest papyrological discoveries, and is founded on the latest edition of the songs and fragments of Sappho by Camillo Neri and Frederico Cinti (2017). The new translation is accompanied by a comprehensive scientific commentary.","PeriodicalId":228501,"journal":{"name":"ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123380934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socrates’ “Swan Song” in Plato’s Phaedo. Socrates' “Secret Doctrine” about Death and Eternity","authors":"Kazimierz Pawłowski","doi":"10.25205/1995-4328-2021-15-2-595-610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2021-15-2-595-610","url":null,"abstract":"In the Phaedo Plato describes Socrates’ final moments, just before his death. The statements he then makes can be treated as his philosophical creed. Socrates compares his own words to a swan song sung by the creature right before its approaching death and reminds his listeners of the swans’ prophetic gift. It can be said that in his final hour Socrates, just like Apollo’s swan, sings a song about the immortality of the human soul. Socrates refers to the Orphic “secret doctrine” (although he does not mention their name directly), revealing his thoughts on his own fate after death.","PeriodicalId":228501,"journal":{"name":"ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130731630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allegories of life, death and immortality in the book of Ecclesiastes 12:5b–7","authors":"I. Tantlevskij","doi":"10.25205/1995-4328-2019-13-1-48-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2019-13-1-48-57","url":null,"abstract":"Analyzing the famous passage Eccl. 12:5b–7, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that the expression \"the almond tree blossomed\" (12:5bα) contains the allegory of man’s birth and his young years; the phrase \"the locust/locust tree became loaded\" (12:5bβ) can be interpreted as an indication of the mature, productive/fruitful years of human life activity; the allegory of the caper, falling to winter (\"and the caper bush fell\"; 12:5bγ), correlates with the metaphorical description of old age and the approach of death in Eccl. 12:1b–2. So, one can assume that the passage Eccl. 12:5bα–γ includes the allegories of man's earthly birth, making up of his personality, maturity and old age in the form of natural phenomena that take place in Judea throughout the year — approximately from the second half of January to December. The allegory of the breaking \"silver cord\" (Eccl. 12:6aα), symbolizing the earthly demise, can be understood as a break in the connection between the spirit and the flesh of man (cf.: Eccl. 12:7). In 12:6аβ–b, Ecclesiastes adduces the allegories of death, expressed through the broken vessels (\"golden bowl\", \"jar\", a certain \"vessel\"), symbolizing the human body. The context also suggests that an allusion to the human spirit implicitly present in these allegories as well, which is symbolized by olive oil (in the \"golden bowl\") and water (in the \"jar\" and in the \"vessel\"), – not directly called, but contextually implied – returning to their eternal Fountain (cf.: Jer. 2:13, 17:13, also: Ps. 36:10) when their temporary receptacles are broken. The \"spring\" and the \"well\" (Eccl. 12:6b) are veritable symbols of life, and in the light of Eccl. 12:7b – perhaps symbols of eternal life in the Book of Ecclesiastes. As for the allegory of \"the golden bowl\", it clearly goes back to Zech. 4:2–3. In the light of the allegorical picture attested in Zech., chap. 4, and the text of Eccl. 12:7b, the allegory of Eccl. 12:6aβ – \"the golden bowl will crack\" – can presuppose implicitly not only the death of the body/\"the golden bowl\", but also that its contents – \"oil\", symbolizing the spirit abided in the body – will merge with the \"oil\" of the Divine Luminary, scil., with the Spirit of God.","PeriodicalId":228501,"journal":{"name":"ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131155087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greco-Roman Antiquity in The Library for Reading journal of 1834-1840","authors":"E. Smirnova","doi":"10.25205/1995-4328-2023-17-2-1161-1195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2023-17-2-1161-1195","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to identify the characteristics of classical antiquity representation in The Library for Reading journal in the 1830s, when it was the most popular Russian periodical, with its editor Josef Senkovsky being one of the famous writers and eminent scholars. The study draws on 8 literary publications and 24 research papers related to Greco-Roman antiquity. The analysis of literary works accepted for publication by Senkovsky shows that they were to lead the reader to reflect on three subjects: the features of intellectual pastime in classical antiquity and modernity; the transient nature of power of both an ambitious individual and the great empire; and the similarities, differences, and accomplishments of antiquity and modern times. The works of belles-lettres reflected the ambiguous perception of classical antiquity in the 1830s: on the one hand, viewing its heritage as a “golden standard”, and on the other – picturing it as a bygone and distant epoch through the motifs of catastrophe and decrepitude. The analyzed research publications on antiquity are distinguished by a striking variety of topics and the editor’ desire to make the papers clear and fascinating for readers by presenting classical antiquity not as a boring collection of dead forms, but as full of life and struggle. Moreover, the research articles shaped the image of the classical studies as a dynamic and developing scholarly discipline filled with discoveries, acute disputes, and unsolved riddles. All scholarly publications on Greco-Roman antiquity wrapped thoughtful and profound reflections targeting the highly educated reading elite in a popular narrative addressed to the general audience. The key questions they raised were the significance of classical texts as reliable sources for studying ancient history and understanding ancient Greek and Roman worldviews, as well as the relationships between antiquity and the Ancient East or antiquity and modernity.","PeriodicalId":228501,"journal":{"name":"ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131207882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Did the ancient Greeks know the natural overtone series?","authors":"L. Aleksandrova","doi":"10.25205/1995-4328-2022-16-1-370-406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2022-16-1-370-406","url":null,"abstract":"Music theory, which developed in the course of a single musical-mathematical-astronomical synthesis, does not give a direct answer to the question posed – \"did the ancient Greeks know the natural overtone series\" as a reasonable system. Nevertheless, the musical theory in the preserved sources-original works, their fragments, compilations – came quite close to understanding of the existening of the phenomenon much later called \"natural overtone series\". The article attempts to find a correspondence between individual mathematically calculated intervals, the main system-forming generic tetrachordal structures (diaton, chroma, enharmony) and segments of the natural overtone series as evidence of the unity of the scientific and empirical (auditory) approach to achieving the best sound of Music, universal Harmony. The article is a revised and expanded version of the Lecture for students and teachers of conservatories \"Musical acoustics in the works of ancient scientists\" (Novosibirsk, 2009).","PeriodicalId":228501,"journal":{"name":"ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition","volume":"34 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132701764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancient Philosophers in Saint Petersburg: Visual-Plastic Forming of City and Person","authors":"D. Dorofeev","doi":"10.25205/1995-4328-2021-15-2-868-893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2021-15-2-868-893","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of philosophical significance of visual and plastic iconography of ancient philosophers as a special way of education and formation of human image, landscape of the city and culture as a whole. The author seeks to identify and analyze as much as possible the presence of such images in St. Petersburg, primarily in the form of sculptural statues and busts in palaces and parks. For this purpose the article examines what role antique plastic art played in the systems of education and aesthetics of everyday life of in the 18th and 19th centuries men, how and by whom it was perceived, disseminated and propagandized. Particular attention is paid to the history and philosophy of garden art from Ancient Greece to the Enlightenment, since this is where the educational function of the iconography of ancient philosophers (for example, in the Summer Garden and Pavlovsky Park) is expressively revealed. The article uses extensive material to illustrate the peculiarities of ancient art collections and the originality of images of ancient philosophers in European and Russian culture of the 18th–19th centuries.","PeriodicalId":228501,"journal":{"name":"ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132734926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Against Justice\": Cicero as a Textual Source and Interpreter of Testimonies about the \"Philosophical Embassy\" and the Carneades’ Skeptical Speeches","authors":"D. Fedorov","doi":"10.25205/1995-4328-2021-15-2-844-855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2021-15-2-844-855","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the problem of reflection in the texts of Cicero of evidence of the propaganda and educational activities of the \"philosophical embassy\" in Rome under the leadership Carneades as the head of the new Academy, and the content of his philosophical speeches before the Roman audience. Particular attention is paid to the problem of Cicero's interpretation of the text of the famous speech of Carneades \"Against Justice\" that has not come down to us, which is reflected in the partially preserved third book of the treatise De Re Publica. According to the author of the article, Cicero, trying to popularize the methodological principle of philosophizing characteristic of skeptics, updated and modernized the theses of Carneades in relation to the realities of his era and his own pragmatic goals in the specific socio-political conditions of the crisis of the late Roman Republic.","PeriodicalId":228501,"journal":{"name":"ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134118332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Search of the Heraclitean Logos","authors":"S. Kocherov","doi":"10.25205/1995-4328-2021-15-2-668-680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2021-15-2-668-680","url":null,"abstract":"The paper attempts to clarify the essence of logos as found in the teaching of Heraclitus. The author identifies meanings which Heraclitus attributes to the concept, investigates his suggested method of cognizing logos, and analyzes the benefits bestowed upon a human being by comprehension of logos. It is hypothesized that the Heraclitean logos is not an originating principle, like a supreme god or cosmic fire, but its attribute – the verbalized intelligence of being inherent both in the world as a whole and one’s soul. As a mental-verbal projection, logos is open not to the sensory organs or even reason, but to the intellectual intuition. Therefore, the knowledge of logos cannot be taught, but can be obtained through self-cognition. Comprehension of logos leads to following the universal, which, in polity’s life, is equal to the common good. However, according to Heraclitus, this is something attainable only by wise and virtuous, “the best”, not by wicked and ignorant majority.","PeriodicalId":228501,"journal":{"name":"ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132520284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fragments of Proclus’ Grammatical Chrestomathy (A Translation and Notes)","authors":"Alexei Garadja","doi":"10.25205/1995-4328-2023-17-1-464-480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2023-17-1-464-480","url":null,"abstract":"The publication presents a commented Russian translation of Proclus’ fragments associated with his Abridged Grammatical Chrestomathy (Πρόκλου χρηστομαθείας γραμματικῆς ἐκλογαί), which has been preserved as an epitome in the Bibliotheca of Patriarch Photius (c. 810/820–893). These fragments contain a biography of Homerus (Vita Homeri) along with six summaries of the poems included in the so-called Epic Cycle, comprising the following titles: Cypria, Ethiopis, The Little Iliad, The Sack of Ilion, The Returns, and Telegony. In the past, all these texts were ascribed to the renowned Neoplatonist philosopher Proclus Lycius (412–485), known not only by his commentaries on several of Plato’s dialogues, but by his purely philological works as well, for example his scholia to Hesiod’s Opera et dies, not to mention his own poetical compositions, the philosophically biased mythological hymns. Even today, a number of scholars are still inclined to support this attribution, though it appears that it was most likely written by an otherwise unknown philosopher’s namesake, to wit a grammarian from the Alexandrian school, who lived in the first half of the 2th century ad. The translation is based on the most recent edition of the text of the fragments prepared by Martin L. West (2003a and 2003b), who supplements Proclus’ summaries of the poems belonging to the Epic Cycle with some passages from Apollodorus’ Mythological Library and suggests, moreover, quite a number of apt conjectures compared with the textus receptus of Proclus’ fragments collated from the manuscripts by Albert Severyns, whose own edition (1963) has not as yet lost its relevance.","PeriodicalId":228501,"journal":{"name":"ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114970024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reception of Aristotle’s Interpretation of Plato’s Forms in Plotinus and al-Fārābī","authors":"Emile Alexandrov","doi":"10.25205/1995-4328-2023-17-2-623-655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2023-17-2-623-655","url":null,"abstract":"This paper makes four arguments to challenge attributing to Plato a theory of Forms. I begin by closely studying Aristotle’s critique of the Forms to show that Aristotle was more focused on the epistemological implications of the Forms as opposed to their existence. Additionally, it remains unclear as to whether Aristotle was targeting Plato or the Platonists in his critiques. I then turn to the inconsistencies inherent in Plato’s discussion of the Forms. Essentially, this is incumbent upon Plato’s commitment to the belief that writing and language fail to capture the Forms holistically. As such, Plato’s variegated discussions of the Forms in the dialogues reflect his commitment to the mutability of the world concurrently with language. This carries over to the reception of Plato and Aristotle in Antiquity and beyond. I show that starting from Antiochus of Ascalon onwards, Plato and Aristotle were accepted to be representatives of a consistent philosophy. This historical ‘harmonization’ of Plato and Aristotle shows that opposition between both thinkers concerning the Forms was not a commonly held view. I then turn to Plotinus who syncretised Plato’s Forms with Aristotelian Intellect which was appropriated by al-Fārābī who rejected the idea that there had been any distinction in the first place. Al-Fārābī composed a treatise on the harmony of Plato and Aristotle, whereas Plotinus based his entire philosophical enterprise on the synthesis of Platonic-Aristotelian philosophy that proved historically influential. The resulting thesis of this paper is that any close historical study of Aristotle’s interpretation of Plato’s Forms would show that one cannot attribute to Plato a theory of Forms without facing serious contradictions.","PeriodicalId":228501,"journal":{"name":"ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114296659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}