Shan-shan Li , Dan-feng Zhou , Zi-rui Yu , Jia-you Ji , Feng You , Jin Qiu , Guo-qiang Luo , Xue-liang Jiang , Qiang Shen
{"title":"Research progress on the improvement strategy of foaming behavior for biodegradable polymer foams and their functional applications","authors":"Shan-shan Li , Dan-feng Zhou , Zi-rui Yu , Jia-you Ji , Feng You , Jin Qiu , Guo-qiang Luo , Xue-liang Jiang , Qiang Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodegradable polymer foams have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages, like non-polluting degradation products, green environmental protection, light weight and high toughness. However, the foaming behavior of biodegradable polymer foams is difficult to regulate because of restriction by the crystallinity and melt strength of biodegradable polymers, which in turn affects performance stability and constrains their practical application. Accordingly, this study focuses on the strategies of foaming method, compositing filler and blending polymer to improve the foaming behavior of biodegradable polymer foams. The corresponding improvement mechanism for each strategy is analyzed and summarized in detail. Besides, the functionality and application fields of biodegradable polymer foams are also summarized. Finally, the future research direction of biodegradable polymer foams is proposed. This review aims to provide guidance for the study of cell structure regulation and performance expansion of biodegradable polymer foams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01354"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuhao Xie, Bo Song, Lingzhi Tu, Peixuan Lu, Zhanhua Wei, Gregorio F. Ortiz
{"title":"Exploring a non-aqueous hybrid zinc/potassium battery with monovalent ion (de)-insertion at high voltage in potassium/sodium manganese(II) hexacyanoferrates(II)","authors":"Yuhao Xie, Bo Song, Lingzhi Tu, Peixuan Lu, Zhanhua Wei, Gregorio F. Ortiz","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-aqueous zinc batteries as a complement to lithium ion batteries continue attracting the attention for energy storage in stationary systems because of the high volumetric energy density and competitive production costs. Unfortunately, the rapid development of such technology is hindered by technical issues such as sluggish diffusion of Zn<sup>2+</sup> within the host material. In this work we demonstrate that is possible to use a non-aqueous hybrid Zn/K battery circumventing the Zn<sup>2+</sup> insertion effects into two host structures by using monovalent ions. For this approach two different structures with different alkali earth metals (K and Na) are tested as the cubic (N-MF: Na<sub>1.9</sub>Mn[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sub>0.95</sub>·3.9H<sub>2</sub>O) and monoclinic (K-MF: K<sub>1.9</sub>Mn[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sub>0.94</sub>·0.61H<sub>2</sub>O) PBAs. Intriguing phase changes and voltage of the reactions are disclosed. A single voltage plateau occurred at 2 V in charge and 1 V on discharge for K-MF. Voltage plateaux between 2.05 and 2.65 and 3.05 V on charge, and 1.2–0.95 V on discharge for N-MF are observed. Two active redox centres Fe<sup>2+/3+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+/3+</sup> trigger a multi-electron reaction with 141.2 (K-MF) and 117.7 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> (N-MF). Eventually, a wide electrochemical voltage can be used for N-MF cathode to 3.25 V (vs. Zn<sup>2+</sup>/Zn) with a characteristic phase transformation from cubic to monoclinic on cycling, reporting data to enhance the voltage and energy density. Therefore, the results reported here try to promote fundamental progress within the field of non-aqueous Zn/K batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01342"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruna F. Oliveira , Teresa I. Gonçalves , Rafaela Gonçalves , Emanuel Lourenço , Cátia Oliveira , Vítor Paulo , Flávia V. Barbosa
{"title":"Assessing the environmental impact of cryogenic treatment in recycling scenarios for PBT-GF30 components","authors":"Bruna F. Oliveira , Teresa I. Gonçalves , Rafaela Gonçalves , Emanuel Lourenço , Cátia Oliveira , Vítor Paulo , Flávia V. Barbosa","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glass-Fiber-Reinforced-Polymers (GFRP) have a considerable environmental impact. For companies that produce automotive products, this can be an issue, due to the current need to comply with EU sustainable goals. The environmental impact of the GFRP, that includes PBT-GF30, increases when products incorporate other material, such as metallic screws. When the products come out defective from the manufacturing, the complete segregation between metal and plastic is complex. Therefore, the product EoL is usually the landfill and the lack of their recyclability raised an environmental concern. To overcome this environmental issue, this study pointed out Cryogenic Treatment (CT) as a technique to fragilize the GFRP, improving the recycling process in two ways: materials segregation and decreased energy for plastic's shredding. To conduct the analysis, PBT-GF30 samples, with and without screws, were subjected to CT and impact tests and afterwards a mechanical characterization was performed, confirming the variation of tensile strength. To complement the study, LCA and LCC was conducted for three scenarios of disposal of the defective parts – landfill; mechanical recycling; and CT before mechanical recycling, in order to characterize the environmental impact of the proposed solution compared to the current one, landfill. Results highlight that CT and impact lowered the PBT-GF30 stress at break by 30 %, requiring less energy by the same amount to break the material in the shredding process. The analysis identified the landfill scenario (baseline) as having the highest environmental impact, primarily due to the absence of material recovery, which increases the demand for raw materials, increasing extraction-related impacts. In contrast, recycling methods significantly reduced these burdens. CT before mechanical recycling, for instance, demonstrated a potential 30 % reduction in environmental impacts by reintegrating recycled materials into production processes, highlighting its potential to enhance sustainability. However, the high cost associated with liquid nitrogen production could be a limitation. Nonetheless, CT before mechanical recycling offers approximately 30 % lower costs than the baseline when viewed through a circular economy perspective, presenting a balanced approach to improving environmental and economic outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01298"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erhui Xu , Weikang Han , Guixin Hu , Huajian Liu , Huiyue Wang , Mengting Qin , Xi Chen , Nan Yao , Ran Niu , Jiang Gong
{"title":"Efficient interfacial solar-driven evaporation and hydroelectric co-generation by Al-Fum metal-organic framework-derived porous carbon","authors":"Erhui Xu , Weikang Han , Guixin Hu , Huajian Liu , Huiyue Wang , Mengting Qin , Xi Chen , Nan Yao , Ran Niu , Jiang Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combination of solar-driven water evaporation and power generation provides a promising approach to alleviate energy problem and freshwater shortage. However, developing multi-functional materials for water evaporation and power co-generation remains challenging. Herein, porous carbon polyhedra (PCP) is synthesized by the controlled carbonization of aluminum fumarate metal-organic framework (Al-Fum MOF) for fabricating water evaporation and energy harvesting devices. Under 1 Sun irradiation, the evaporation rate is up to 2.84 kg m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>, accompanied by the photothermal conversion efficiency of 98.8 %. Additionally, the power generation unit based on the PCP evaporator achieves the open-circuit voltage of 197 mV, exhibiting commendable cycle stability. The rich pore structure and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups are pivotal parameters for power generation. The result of molecular dynamics simulation indicates that the negatively charged ions are inhibited in the nanochannels of the negatively charged PCP surface, resulting in the Na<sup>+</sup> concentration difference, triggering the potential difference. This study reveals the mechanism on water evaporation and power co-generation in porous carbon materials, and offers a pathway for the development of advanced devices for water production and hydropower co-generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01356"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaqiong Wang , Guichu Yue , Tonghua Bai , Fuwei Liu , Nü Wang , Jie Bai , Liang Kong , Yong Zhao
{"title":"Hierarchical assembly of electrospun nanofibers for the next generation tissue repairing materials","authors":"Yaqiong Wang , Guichu Yue , Tonghua Bai , Fuwei Liu , Nü Wang , Jie Bai , Liang Kong , Yong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tissue engineering, an interdisciplinary field uniting biology, chemistry, medical science and materialogy, aims to fabricate artificial scaffolds emulating the natural human tissue with diverse structures. Among the various methods for creating artificial scaffolds, electrospinning can produce nanofiber fiber aggregate tissue repair materials which is similar to extracellular matrix expediently. This method yields nonwoven scaffolds usually possess boasting attributes such as a substantial surface area, multidimensional assembly capability, ease of functionalization for diverse purposes, and controllable mechanical properties. Owing to these advantages, electrospinning technology has propelled significant progress in the development of nanofiber scaffolds for regenerative repair in recent years. This article presents a comprehensive overview of foundational design principles underpinning the theoretical basis of electrospun fiber scaffolds. Key considerations, including cell types, environmental impact, preparation methods, and biomimetic structural design, are explored. Following this, we investigate in detail scaffolds assembled from electrospun nanofibers with varied dimensional, elucidating their applications in tissue engineering. Lastly, we offer an outlook about the challenges and development trend in order to provide a forward-looking perspective for researchers and practitioners in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01355"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Life cycle assessment and hot spot analysis of concrete repair principles and application on life cycle intervention strategies","authors":"Neel Renne , Matthias Buyle , Bart Craeye , Amaryllis Audenaert","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combination of continually deteriorating reinforced concrete structures and environmental objectives calls for sustainable repair and maintenance interventions. To respond to this need, the environmental impact of life cycle intervention strategies of reinforced concrete structures to restore and prevent corrosion damage is analysed through a life cycle assessment (LCA). First, the dominant midpoint impact categories, related to these interventions, are identified as (1) carcinogenic human toxicity, (2) global warming potential (3) fine particulate matter formation, (4) freshwater ecotoxicity, (5) non-carcinogenic human toxicity and (6) marine ecotoxicity. Secondly, a comprehensive assessment is performed for reference flow activities related to the EN1504–9 principles in order to get more insight into this data before case dependencies are applied. Based on this, the hotspots per category and even per activity could be determined. In general, the production and gross End-of-Life (EoL)-phase are the important life cycle phases. Finally, the activities and principles are combined to achieve actual intervention strategies applied on a case study of a reinforced concrete bridge. The outcomes show the dominance of carcinogenic human toxicity resulting in a high impact for demolishing and rebuilding. Although this scenario scores well for other midpoints, alternative interventions like impressed current cathodic protection score well in general. So, the interventions patch repair, conventional repair, galvanic cathodic protection, chloride extraction and realkalisation perform less well on average. Nevertheless, for specific midpoints or service life extensions they could still have a lower impact, like patch repair for a 20-year service life. In addition, the production and gross EoL-phase are also the most important for the case study. Secondly, when looking at the type of work, the main intervention but also the reinforcement preparation, concrete preparation and concrete surface protection are dominant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01344"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artur Nemś , Sindu Daniarta , Magdalena Nemś , Piotr Kolasiński , Svetlana Ushak
{"title":"A review of artificial intelligence to thermal energy storage and heat transfer improvement in phase change materials","authors":"Artur Nemś , Sindu Daniarta , Magdalena Nemś , Piotr Kolasiński , Svetlana Ushak","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting and optimizing phase change material (PCM) parameters for heat storage and transport systems. The study reviews research on material parameters, focusing on the role of machine learning (ML) in shaping the characteristics of modified PCMs. It summarizes the input and output parameters, as well as the figures of merit criteria, employed in various PCM-related studies. The paper explores AI's role in enhancing heat transfer and storage in PCMs, highlighting models used to predict the amount of heat stored in PCM-based storage tanks. Also, the application of genetic algorithms (GAs) to optimize the operating parameters of these storage systems is discussed. AI techniques for improving heat transfer processes in PCMs are also reviewed. The prediction quality of different ML methods is analyzed. Other deviations used to evaluate the accuracy of these methods are presented. A third area of focus is the application of AI in systems and energy systems utilizing PCMs. These applications include temperature stabilization in solar systems, maintaining thermal comfort in buildings, ensuring consistent vaccine storage temperatures, and other uses. The study outlines the types of PCMs used in various thermal systems, the AI methods applied, and the criteria for prediction and optimization. Finally, the paper identifies knowledge gaps and research areas requiring further investigation to better understand the potential of ML and GA in optimizing PCM parameters and thermal systems containing PCMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01348"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Controlled synthesis of porous carbon materials from cow dung biomass and analysis of their adsorption properties: Modulation of lignocellulosic fractions and pore structure formation","authors":"Wurentuya Bhnar , Agula Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, a large amount of agricultural waste is generated every year, and improper disposal can lead to serious environmental pollution. In particular, due to the expansion of large-scale cattle farming, the accumulation of large quantities of cattle manure can cause various environmental problems. Using agricultural waste, such as cattle manure, to produce porous carbon materials can enhance its resource utilization while mitigating its environmental impact. Accordingly, in this study, porous carbon materials were synthesized by partially degrading the lignocellulosic fractions in cow dung through a series of processes, including NaOH pretreatment under varying conditions (concentration, time, and temperature), pre‑carbonization, and KOH activation. Furthermore, the pore-formation mechanism of the porous carbon materials was analyzed in three stages: NaOH pretreatment, pre‑carbonization at 600 °C in an N<sub>2</sub> atmosphere, and KOH activation. Key factors influencing the structures of the materials were changes in the contents and linkages of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. Among the tested samples, the pretreated CA-4-6-70 sample demonstrated the lowest lignin content and the highest cellulose content. Following pre‑carbonization and KOH activation, the specific surface area of this material reached 1402 m<sup>2</sup>/g, with a microporous area of 912 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Furthermore, the porous carbon materials synthesized in this study exhibited good CO<sub>2</sub> and methyl orange adsorption performance, demonstrating their potential for applications in environmental pollutant treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01328"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bhaskar Joshi , Seniz Ucar , Hanna Katariina Knuutila , Hallvard Fjøsne Svendsen , Jens-Petter Andreassen , Sulalit Bandyopadhyay
{"title":"Optimizing lithium carbonate recovery through gas-liquid reactive crystallization of lithium hydroxide and carbon dioxide","authors":"Bhaskar Joshi , Seniz Ucar , Hanna Katariina Knuutila , Hallvard Fjøsne Svendsen , Jens-Petter Andreassen , Sulalit Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reactive crystallization of Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> in a semi-batch reactor using carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) has been studied in the literature with an aim to enhance recovery of lithium from primary and secondary resources. However, an in-depth understanding of control variables that can enhance the yield of the recovery process is missing. Here, we discuss the fundamentals of Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> reactive crystallization from LiOH solution by carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) injection to optimize lithium recovery. The significant factors affecting Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> crystallization, such as initial LiOH concentration, temperature, and CO<sub>2</sub> flow rate, are investigated. The solid-liquid transitions and chord length distributions are monitored during Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> crystallization using <em>in situ</em> focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) and particle vision measurement (PVM) probes. Our results show that maximum lithium recovery corresponds to system pH maximum, influenced by the formation of soluble lithium bicarbonate. Furthermore, the work proposes an optimized CO<sub>2</sub> injection strategy for maximizing lithium recovery in the form of Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> precipitates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01341"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dandan Yin , Shihui Liu , Liqiang Yin , Kang Du , Jing Yan , Catherine K. Armwood-Gordon , Lin Li
{"title":"Rechargeable cement-based solid-state nickel-iron batteries for energy storage of self-powered buildings","authors":"Dandan Yin , Shihui Liu , Liqiang Yin , Kang Du , Jing Yan , Catherine K. Armwood-Gordon , Lin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The burgeoning need for sustainable and efficient energy storage solutions in the construction sector has spurred the exploration of innovative materials and technologies. This study presents the development and characterization of rechargeable cement-based solid-state nickel‑iron batteries designed for the energy storage of self-powered buildings. The cement-based electrolyte system incorporates cement, silica sand, ion exchange resin, and alkaline solution, optimized for high ionic conductivity. Nickel and iron electrodes were prepared via electroplating on carbon fiber mesh and nickel foam substrates. Extensive electrochemical testing, including cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and charge-discharge evaluations, along with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses, were conducted to assess battery performance. The results demonstrated that the nickel foam electrodes significantly outperformed the carbon fiber mesh electrodes in terms of discharge capacity, efficiency, and energy density. Notably, the cement-based batteries achieved a maximum average energy density of over 11 Wh/m<sup>2</sup> over 30 cycles. The study concluded that the robust and interconnected structure of the nickel foam substrate enhances electrochemical activity and ion transport, making it a superior electrode material for cement-based batteries. This research offers promising insights into integrating cement-based batteries into self-sustaining energy systems for buildings, highlighting the potential for practical applications in energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01350"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}