Sustainable Materials and Technologies最新文献

{"title":"Designing covalent organic frameworks for environmental remediation: Photocatalytic strategies for water treatment","authors":"Mohamed Abboud ,&nbsp;Abdelkarim Chaouiki ,&nbsp;Maryam Chafiq ,&nbsp;Noureddine Elboughdiri ,&nbsp;Lei Guo ,&nbsp;Amir Mahmoud Makin ,&nbsp;Mouhsine Galai ,&nbsp;Jee-Hyun Kang ,&nbsp;Young Gun Ko","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent an advanced class of crystalline materials, distinguished by their modular design and precise atomic-level arrangement. Since their discovery in 2005, COFs have been subjected to significant evolution, leading to advanced three-dimensional structures and scalable synthesis approaches. These features enable COFs to function as efficient heterogeneous photocatalysts, integrating the benefits of homogeneous catalyst precision with the robustness of heterogeneous systems. This progress has shown their potential for addressing critical environmental challenges. In this study, the development of COFs is reviewed, focusing on their molecular-level design of COFs to optimize key photocatalytic processes, including light absorption, charge separation, and surface reaction dynamics. COFs are examined for their roles in environmental remediation, such as pollutant adsorption, catalytic transformation, and water treatment, with particular attention to their photocatalytic applications in water splitting and contaminant degradation. Challenges related to large-scale fabrication and practical deployment are discussed alongside emerging prospects, such as integrating COFs with digital technologies like artificial intelligence to optimize design and performance. These insights confirm the transformative potential of COFs as sustainable materials for pollution control and environmental restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01470"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable biomass-based organic afterglow adhesive for versatile anti-counterfeiting applications","authors":"Zhengwen Ning,&nbsp;Xiangxiang Zhai,&nbsp;Guangming Wang,&nbsp;Qianqian Yan,&nbsp;Xixi Piao,&nbsp;Kaka Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Room-temperature organic afterglow materials hold great promise for the development of advanced anti-counterfeiting technologies, making it crucial to create scalable materials suitable for diverse applications. In this study, we successfully combined biomass-based materials with phosphorescence dopants to synthesize a novel biomass-based organic afterglow adhesive. When applied to plastic substrates, this adhesive not only exhibited a yellow-green afterglow lasting over 30 s but also demonstrated exceptional adhesive performance. The synergistic interaction between the adhesive and plastic substrates enabled the manifestation of room-temperature phosphorescence. By simulating various application scenarios, we further validated the adhesive's significant potential in anti-counterfeiting applications. Importantly, the synthesis process employed cost-effective, readily available, and environmentally friendly materials, laying a solid foundation for industrial-scale production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01473"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lignin as a functional platform for in situ synthesis of Prussian blue toward rapid and selective cesium adsorption","authors":"Jungkyu Kim ,&nbsp;Seon-Gyeong Kim ,&nbsp;Seungoh Jung ,&nbsp;Sungwook Won ,&nbsp;Hwanmyeong Yeo ,&nbsp;In-Gyu Choi ,&nbsp;Hyo Won Kwak","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing efficient, selective, and eco-friendly adsorbents for Cs⁺ treatment is crucial for ensuring the environmental responsibility of nuclear energy and mitigating the environmental impact of radioactive waste. This study introduced a novel strategy involving carboxylation and metal-mediated crosslinking to enable in situ formation and stabilization of Prussian blue (PB) onto the lignin matrix. PB-immobilized lignin (PB-Lig) exhibited a robust structure with abundant PB nanocubes, facilitating highly rapid and effective Cs⁺ adsorption. PB-Lig demonstrated applicability across different pH levels and displayed outstanding specificity toward Cs⁺, making it suitable for diverse conditions. It achieved equilibrium adsorption capacity within 480 s, removing up to 166.5 mg/g of Cs⁺. Furthermore, PB-Lig showed remarkable stability in an aquatic environment without PB leaching, even after repeated adsorption-desorption cycles. PB-Lig captured Cs⁺ through strong chemical interactions and lattice trapping facilitated by the exchange of K⁺ within the PB structure. In summary, PB-Lig presents a sustainable and practical solution for radioactive Cs⁺ remediation, highlighting new opportunities for biomass utilization in environmental applications. Notably, PB-Lig is the first reported lignin-based Cs⁺ adsorbent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01469"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing concrete: Unveiling bio-concrete's advantages and challenges in self-healing through microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation","authors":"Nikita Verma,&nbsp;J. Satya Eswari,&nbsp;Chinmaya Mahapatra","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cement, the principal component in concrete has a significant deleterious impact on the surrounding environment. Bio-concrete is an excellent alternative that is formed of cement. This paper explores the intricate world of concrete including its broad application, developing technological advancements, and environmental effects. It also discusses the rise of concrete with higher compressive strength compared to conventional concrete and its structural impacts, emphasising the need to give design and construction due thought. Bio-concrete highlights Microbial induced calcium‑carbonate precipitation (MICP) as a sustainable concrete production process and lowering the carbon footprint of building. In order to maximise microbiological performance in bio-concrete, we discuss the importance of gene transformation and discuss related experiments. It covers issues pertaining to bio-cementation in order to advance sustainability and environmental wellbeing. Standardized microbial selection and long-term field performance assessments are necessary knowledge gaps for bio-cementation research, with an emphasis on microbial activity and survival under the challenging conditions of concrete. The conclusion highlights the necessity of research on optimization, production scaling, and long-term performance of microbial strains to enhance and expand the uses of bio-concrete, guaranteeing effectiveness and durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01465"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of silica fume and carbide slag on waste mud soil under small strain: Dynamic characteristics and microscopic mechanism","authors":"Na Li ,&nbsp;Jingyi Lin ,&nbsp;Erlu Wu ,&nbsp;Ping Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Junjie Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silica fume and carbide slag can be used to modify waste mud soil (WMS), which can not only improve the mechanical properties of WMS, but also broaden resource utilization ways of silica fume and carbide slag. For that, in this paper, WMS was modified by adopting 8 % carbide slag and silica fume with different dosages (0, 3 %, 5 %, 7 %, 9 %, and 11 %). Then the small-strain dynamic properties of modified WMS were investigated by using resonance column test, and the microscopic mechanism of modified WMS was analyzed based on Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction test (XRD) and Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). It can be found from the resonance column test that the dynamic shear modulus and the damping ratio show an increasing and decreasing trend with the increase of the confining pressure respectively, and both increase with increasing silica fume dosage in the range of 0 to 11 %. A kinetic model applicable to modified WMS was established by introducing the effects of confining pressure and silica fume into the Hardin-Drnevich model. Microscopic testing experiments indicate that there is a reaction between reactive SiO₂ in silica fume and Ca(OH)₂ in carbide slag, and calcium hydrated silicate (CSH) was generated, which improved the specimen density.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01464"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the long-term structural changes of metakaolin geopolymers encapsulating pyrite cinder: environmental, microstructural and structure studies","authors":"Sanae Sbi ,&nbsp;Abdelilah Aboulayt ,&nbsp;Mohamed Ounacer ,&nbsp;Bouchaib Manoun ,&nbsp;Mohammed Sajieddine ,&nbsp;Said Mansouri ,&nbsp;Youssef Samih ,&nbsp;Nawal Semlal ,&nbsp;Waltraud M. Kriven ,&nbsp;Youssef Tamraoui ,&nbsp;Jones Alami","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to determine whether Fe-rich waste (pyrite cinder) can be structurally and environmentally stabilized in a metakaolin-based geopolymer matrix over long curing periods. The strength evolution, microstructural transformation, and leaching behavior of metakaolin (MK) blended pyrite cinder (PyC) geopolymer were investigated for up to 4 years of curing at 25 °C. The MK:PyC ratios were 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75, activated by a combination of NaOH and Na₂SiO₃ solutions. Phase evolution and microstructural reorganization by XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDS indicated a partial crystallization of geopolymer amorphous gel into faujasite-Na zeolite over long-time curing (1–2 years). Strength evolution showed a correlation between PyC content and phase transformation. Mixtures with higher PyC contents generally exhibited lower compressive strength (around 3 MPa), which tended to be much lower after zeolite formation by approximately 90 %. Stabilization/solidification of the PyC at early- and long-age resulted in safe leaching levels of iron and heavy metals (Cu, As, Ba, Zn, Pb, Mn, and Cr), significantly below US-EPA standards. Fe investigation by Mössbauer spectroscopy indicated the possible incorporation of Fe³⁺ in the tetrahedral network of geopolymer binder with PyC ≤ 50 wt%. However, following the amorphous phase transformation, some of the Fe³⁺ ions were found to occupy the octahedral sites in the extra-framework positions of faujasite-Na.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01459"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon-encapsulated Sb-based nanotubes enable advanced lithium storage anode","authors":"Yanxu Lu ,&nbsp;Meiqing Guo ,&nbsp;Zhuoya Zhang ,&nbsp;Weijia Meng ,&nbsp;Chunli Guo ,&nbsp;Zhongchao Bai ,&nbsp;Genwei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaye Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimony-based anodes, due to their high theoretical capacity, receive significant interest, but their further application in LIBs has been hindered by the large volumetric variation during lithiation/delithiation. To identify potential candidates with superior stability, COMSOL Multiphysics simulations are performed to analyze the voltage changes, lithium-ion concentrations, and stress distribution of solid rod, single-layer hollow tube, and dual-layer hollow tube model. It is obvious that the battery voltage changes and lithium-ion concentrations of these models are virtually the same. However, the stress distribution of the first two models presents the feature of small stress in the middle and large stress near the ends, while for the dual-layer hollow tube model, the closer to the end, the smaller the stress value is instead. In the meantime, the dual-layer hollow tube can effectively decrease the stress of the electrode more than 30 %. Herein, inspired by the theoretical prediction results, a carbon-encapsulated Sb nanotube (Sb@C) anode material is designed and fabricated by a simple hydrothermal method and subsequent treatments. Besides the alleviation of vast expansion of the Sb volume, the small pores of the encapsulated carbon layer provided more channels for Li⁺ transport, which boosted the electrochemical performance of the Sb@C nanotube electrode. Consequently, under 0.1 A g⁻¹ after 1000 cycles, the cell with the Sb@C nanotube anode retains the discharged capacity is 226.1 mAh g⁻¹ with 99.7 % CE indicating good cycling stability. This study provides a fundamental insight into Sb-based electrodes and offers meaningful guidance for designing high-capacity and high-performance Sb-based nanotube anodes for lithium storage and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01463"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation parameter engineering for rational design of spent coffee grounds-derived activated carbon: A review of structure, performance, and applications","authors":"Hao Liting ,&nbsp;Wang Jun ,&nbsp;Zhou Hongliang ,&nbsp;Yang Zhichao ,&nbsp;Zhang Dongdong ,&nbsp;Liu Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spent coffee grounds (SCG), a substantial waste byproduct of the global coffee industry, are increasingly recognized as a sustainable precursor for the production of activated carbon (SCG-AC). This review systematically examines the pivotal influence of activation parameters, specifically focusing on activating agents (KOH, ZnCl₂, H₃PO₄) and activation atmospheres, on the resultant structural evolution and performance characteristics of SCG-AC. Through a critical analysis of existing literature, we elucidate the intricate relationships between the pore structure characteristics of SCG-AC and its efficacy in pertinent environmental applications, encompassing water treatment, energy storage, and catalysis. Economic evaluations consistently highlight the notable cost-effectiveness of SCG-AC production in comparison to commercially available activated carbons, thereby underscoring its potential for scalable industrial implementation. This review concludes in evidence-based recommendations for the rational optimization of activation strategies, providing a framework for the tailored design of high-performance SCG-AC materials and advancing the field of sustainable carbon material development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01460"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced manufacturing of waste-integrated concrete roof tiles: Scaling up to TRL 6","authors":"Yulin Patrisia ,&nbsp;Chamila Gunasekara ,&nbsp;David W. Law ,&nbsp;Thomas Loh ,&nbsp;Kate Nguyen ,&nbsp;Sujeeva Setunge ,&nbsp;Tsz Shan So","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research examines the integration of pond ash and unwashed glass sand in concrete roof tiles. After successfully completing a laboratory-based trial with the optimal composition of 10 % pond ash and 10 % glass sand, a manufacturing trial was conducted in collaboration with a leading Australian roofing manufacturer to produce the concrete roof tile specimens. The optimized roof tiles met AS 2049–2002 standards for roof tiles, including transverse strength, water absorption, permeability, and salt attack. The waste-integrated concrete roof tiles were up to 5 % lighter and exhibited better performance under fire exposure compared to conventional roof tiles. Roof tiles incorporated with waste and exposed to 120 °C and 300 °C showed up to a 6 % increase in transverse strength, attributed to additional C-S-H formation. Although strength decreased at 600 °C and 800 °C under fire exposure due to thermal expansion incompatibility and a loss of bonding strength in the interfacial transition zone between the aggregates and matrix, waste-integrated roof tiles retained 11–13 % of their original strength, whereas conventional roof tiles retained only 6 % of their unexposed strength. The inclusion of pond ash increased alumina products, promoting additional Si-O-Al bonds and resulting in additional C-A-S-H formation. Pond ash also helped refine pores due to its micro filler effect and pozzolanic activity. However, incorporating more than 10 % recycled glass reduced performance, as its smooth surface weakened the bond between the cement matrix and the glass aggregates. Overall, the roof tile product explored in this study demonstrates strong potential as an eco-friendly concrete solution, offering notable advantages by mitigating the environmental impact of unwashed glass sand and pond ash. This waste-integrated concrete roof tile was successfully demonstrated in a real-world setting, achieving a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 6.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01461"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene oxide for selective uranium extraction from seawater and wastewater: From graphene oxide powder to its assembly of macroscopic materials","authors":"Jie Li ,&nbsp;Changchun Wang ,&nbsp;Wenjing Shi ,&nbsp;Jinde Wu ,&nbsp;Shuyao Si ,&nbsp;Wenwen Qi ,&nbsp;Yuguo Liu ,&nbsp;Jie Zhao ,&nbsp;Xueer Kang ,&nbsp;Shutong Niu ,&nbsp;Hongya Li ,&nbsp;Kunlin Liu ,&nbsp;Lidong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of industrialization, the consumption of energy resources has surged dramatically. Nuclear energy, which is widely acknowledged as a sustainable and environmentally-friendly energy source with low carbon emissions, has garnered widespread global attention. Extracting uranium from seawater and wastewater where containing abundant uranium resources offers a continuous and sufficient supply of nuclear fuel, serving as a critical solution to mitigate uranium resource shortages. Graphene oxide, leveraging with large specific surface area, exceptional chemical stability, as well as tunable functionalization potential, have demonstrated remarkable potential in uranium extraction from seawater and wastewater. This work systematically reviews recent advancements in graphene oxide-based materials for uranium extraction, from graphene oxide powders to the macroscopic assemblies (such as graphene oxide membranes, aerogels, and hydrogels) and focus on their adsorption performance for uranium in seawater and wastewater. Furthermore, it discusses the primary challenges faced by graphene oxide-based materials in seawater and provides insights into future development directions. Through in-depth research on the development of graphene oxide materials for uranium extraction, it is anticipated that efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable novel materials can be developed, offering innovative solutions to the supply of global uranium resource.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01462"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}