Sustainable Materials and Technologies最新文献

{"title":"Eco-friendly additives for biodegradable polyesters: Recent progress in performance optimization and environmental impact reduction","authors":"Ahmad Fayyazbakhsh ,&nbsp;Nima Hajinajaf ,&nbsp;Hamed Bakhtiari ,&nbsp;Michael Feuchter ,&nbsp;Ilaria Improta ,&nbsp;Ehsan Salehi ,&nbsp;Sara Kamal Shahsavar ,&nbsp;Marketa Julinova ,&nbsp;Amirehsan Ghasemi ,&nbsp;Bita Ghasemi ,&nbsp;Reza Afsharnia ,&nbsp;Marek Koutný ,&nbsp;Young-Cheol Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodegradable polymers have emerged as principal alternatives to petroleum-based polymers, which exert a detrimental impact on the environment. Among these, biodegradable polyesters stand out as particularly noteworthy, renowned for their exceptional properties that find application across diverse industries, including food packaging, biomedical devices, and agriculture. This comprehensive analysis delves into the impact of various additives, with a focus on eco-friendly ones, on biodegradable polyesters, as evidenced by recent research endeavors. The additives are systematically categorized to provide a nuanced understanding within distinct industrial contexts. In the exploration of these additives, a meticulous classification is employed, ensuring a focused analysis of each industry. Furthermore, this study is the first inclusive approach to categorizing additives for biodegradable polyesters. Noteworthy categories encompass hydrolysis stabilizers, oxidative and Ultraviolet (UV) stabilizers, nucleation agents, and crosslinking agents, each examined in detail within the scope of this review paper. The biodegradable polyesters under scrutiny in this review encompass PHA, PBS, and PBAT. The examination of these specific polymers allows for a focused and comparative analysis, shedding light on the nuanced responses to various additives within each polymer category. This review provides an in-depth discussion of the interplay between additives and biodegradable polyesters, contributing to the development of environmentally friendly materials across various industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01395"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the electrical, acoustic, and thermal insulating properties of biodegradable chito-cellulosic structural composites","authors":"Ajay Kumar P.V. ,&nbsp;Shiwei Ng ,&nbsp;Yung Boon Chong ,&nbsp;Heow Pueh Lee ,&nbsp;Stylianos Dritsas ,&nbsp;Javier G. Fernandez","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insulation materials are essential for engineering efficiency, as they directly reduce energy losses or eliminate the need for extra components to compensate for them. However, most insulation materials are non-biodegradable polymers that significantly contribute to environmental degradation during production and disposal. This study explores the use of bioinspired chito-cellulosic materials —a family of biological composites known in structural applications for their low cost, versatile manufacturing, and ecological integration— as sustainable insulation. The study compares three chito-cellulosic variants with different cellulose compositions and evaluates their electrical, thermal, and acoustic insulation capabilities, as well as flammability, biodegradability, environmental impact, and mechanical properties. The insulating results are compared to conventional polyurethane foams, demonstrating lower thermal insulation capabilities, similar electrical insulation, and better acoustic insulation. Moreover, they offer the advantages of being 3D-printable, fully biodegradable in environmental conditions, and fireproof, highlighting their potential as a viable green alternative to synthetic insulators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01394"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile fabrication of high-performance electrochromic fabrics based on flexible Ag/Ni mesh electrode with exceptional conductivity","authors":"Zhiyi Guo ,&nbsp;Tengfei Li ,&nbsp;Hao Zhou ,&nbsp;Changwei Tan ,&nbsp;Ximei Wang ,&nbsp;Shuhong Nie ,&nbsp;Wenya Xu ,&nbsp;Fangfang Pei ,&nbsp;Xiuqing Meng ,&nbsp;Xinzhou Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaolian Chen ,&nbsp;Wenming Su ,&nbsp;Kai Zhao ,&nbsp;Changqing Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible electrochromic devices (FECDs) and electrochromic fabrics (ECFs) have attracted great attention in fashion clothing decoration and camouflage due to their low energy consumption and bi-stability. However, the complex and hierarchical structures of fabric substrates pose formidable challenges to the excellent and stable conductivity of ECFs. Here, we developed novel ECFs with excellent EC properties and outstanding stability by integrating FECDs with polyester fabric. Firstly, highly conductive silver (Ag)/nickel (Ni) mesh was heat-laminated on the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, serving as flexible electrode with high transmittance. On this basis, the FECDs exhibit an exceptionally high transmittance (46.4 %), rapid response time (bleaching for 0.5 s at 0.8 V and coloring for 0.9 s at −0.4 V), outstanding stability (2.6 % decreased after 5000 cyclic switching), and low-power consumption (&lt;0.05 J per cycle in 60 cm² FECDs). By harnessing the thermoplastic property of TPU, the FECDs can be readily transferred to fabric for the realization of ECFs, without compromising their comprehensive performances. More importantly, the outstanding conductivity and mechanical stability of ECFs under various challenging conditions (mechanical bending, physical damage, etc.) are unparalleled. We believe the simple-structured high-performance ECFs would be promising for flexible smart textile in any textile-based markets, such as wearable and intelligence camouflage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01396"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using marine waste enteromorpha prolifera powder as a sustainable internal curing agent to mitigate autogenous shrinkage of UHPC","authors":"Guosheng Ren ,&nbsp;Hua Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaojian Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study uses marine waste <em>enteromorpha prolifera</em> powder (EPP) to mitigate the autogenous shrinkage (AS) of UHPC. The water desorption of EPP was researched first. Then the influence of EPP on the fresh properties, hydration heat, AS, mechanical strength, and microstructure of UHPC was studied. The results showed that the 28 days AS of UHPC was reduced by 25.6 % ∼ 69.4 % after adding 0.5 % ∼ 1.5 % EPP. However, the porosity of the matrix was significantly increased, resulting in 10.1 % ∼ 26.8 % and 6.6 % ∼ 19.0 % reduction for compressive strength and flexural strength of UHPC, respectively. Moreover, incorporating EPP into UHPC can improve the hydration degree of cement and increase the average chain length of C-S-H by 53.6 %. Utilizing EPP as an internal curing agent can decrease the production cost of UHPC (about 1.8 % compared with superabsorbent polymers) and offer a novel approach for the resource utilization of EPP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01390"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative multi-Z-scheme Bi2MoO6/BiOBr0.75/BiOI0.25/g-C3N4 quaternary composite with superior visible-light photocatalytic performance for degrading rhodamine B and furfural","authors":"Hayet Lallali ,&nbsp;Abdelhadi Bentouami ,&nbsp;Mohamed Cherief ,&nbsp;Orkia Benzaidi ,&nbsp;Lahouaria Henni ,&nbsp;Fatma Zohra Tighilt ,&nbsp;Samia Belhousse ,&nbsp;Amar Manseri ,&nbsp;Abdelghani Bouchama ,&nbsp;Sabrina Sam","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The innovation of this work lies in the integration of four semiconductors (Bi₂MoO₆, BiOBr, BiOI and g-C₃N₄) in a single quaternary composite, designed to improve photocatalytic efficiency by reducing electron-hole recombination and increasing the specific surface area compared to that of each of the four components. A novel quaternary hybrid composite with heterojunction, named Bi₂MoO₆/BiOBr_0.75/BiOI_0.25/25 %-g-C₃N₄, was developed by optimizing the g-C₃N₄ content using a simple and efficient solvothermal approach without the need for thermal treatment. The photocatalyst was characterized using various techniques including XRD, ATR, SEM-EDS, EDS-mapping, BET, XPS, UV–visible DRS, and PL. Its photocatalytic performances were assessed for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and furfural under visible light irradiation. The Bi₂MoO₆/BiOBr_0.75/BiOI_0.25/25 %-g-C₃N₄ composite showed significantly higher photocatalytic efficiency than other synthesized materials, achieving remarkable degradation rates of 99.47 % for RhB (15 mg/L) and 82.78 % for furfural (100 mg/L) within 120 min. Through the identification of the radical species involved in the process, a photodegradation mechanism was proposed. Indeed, for RhB degradation, the main reactive species were holes (<em>h</em>^<em>+</em>), with electrons (<span><math><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math></span>) playing a secondary role. In contrast, for furfural degradation, hydroxyl radicals (HO^·) were the main contributors, while holes (<em>h</em>^<em>+</em>) and superoxide radicals (<span><math><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>•</mo><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></span>), contributed equally but to a lesser extent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01391"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on properties and applications of bio-based polybenzoxazine materials","authors":"Rongzhi Li ,&nbsp;Xuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Minggui Shen ,&nbsp;Qiaoguang Li ,&nbsp;Xu Xu ,&nbsp;He Liu ,&nbsp;Zhanqian Song","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the background of increasing awareness of global environmental protection, traditional petrochemical products have received extensive attention due to non-renewable raw materials and environmental pollution. Especially in the field of thermosetting resins, petroleum-based polybenzoxazine (PBz) has excellent properties but is limited by the non-renewable nature of its raw materials, which brings a heavy burden to the ecological environment. In recent years, bio-based PBz has come into being. As a cutting-edge technology, it not only inherits the excellent performance of traditional petroleum-based similar products but also has significant advantages in raw material sources and green sustainability. In addition, the flexibility of its molecular structure design enables it to play an excellent role in many fields. PBz, as a high-performance thermosetting resin, has an excellent performance in low dielectric properties due to its inherent high crosslinking density and large volume rigid ring structure. In particular, the introduction of organophosphorus compounds and oxygen-containing heterocyclic structures such as furan rings in the molecule can effectively improve the flame retardancy of the material and broaden its application in the field of fire safety. The synthetic raw materials of PBz mainly include phenols and amines. Among them, the phenolic source can be derived from abundant natural resources, such as vanillin, vanillic acid, guaiacol and cardanol; the amine source covers a variety of options such as furfurylamine, stearic amine, octadecylamine and even chitosan. This paper focused on the research progress of bio-based PBz in flame retardant materials, epoxy resin reinforced materials and low dielectric materials in the past five years. The shortcomings of the existing PBz materials were analyzed and the improved methods were proposed. The future research direction of bio-based PBz was prospected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01387"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-defect suppression on fused silica via dual femtosecond and CO2 lasers to improve laser damage resistance","authors":"Tianyuan Li ,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Yin ,&nbsp;Linjie Zhao ,&nbsp;Mingjun Chen ,&nbsp;Jian Cheng ,&nbsp;Tianhao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser ultra-precision machining is one of the most promising methods for suppression of surface defects (≥300 μm) on fused silica optics, thereby extending the service life of these optics applied in high-power laser facilities. This work proposes an innovative dual laser repairing method that combines the capabilities of femtosecond and CO₂ lasers to address much smaller micro-defects (≤20 μm) on fused silica optics. The proposed method consists of a two-step process, in which a femtosecond laser is first used to create high-quality optical structures in the micro-defect regions of fused silica, and then a CO₂ laser performs melt polishing to obtain an ultra-smooth surface. The repaired structure has surface roughness 20 nm of the dual femtosecond and CO₂ lasers, a striking promotion compared to 54 nm surface roughness for a single femtosecond laser. Laser-induced damage experiments are carried out, and the results show that laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) is improved from 8 J/cm² to 20 J/cm² (LIDT for defect-free surface is 22 J/cm²). Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy of the micro-defects and their repaired structures was analyzed to uncover the underlying reasons for the improvement in LIDT. PL spectroscopy shows fluorescence intensity of 3500 counts in the micro-defect region, and 106 counts in the repaired structure obtained by dual femtosecond and CO₂ lasers. PL spectrum indicates that the concentration of point defects in fused silica surfaces treated with dual laser repair is comparable to perfect surfaces. This work paves the way for advancements in the durability of fused silica optics, potentially allowing them to be utilized in high-power laser facilities that demand higher output.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01381"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalysts with three-dimensional porous structure for electrocatalytic water splitting","authors":"Yuchen Liu ,&nbsp;Yanning Zhang ,&nbsp;Zulin Sun ,&nbsp;Liming Dai ,&nbsp;Bin Liu ,&nbsp;Wenxian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of water as a feedstock for hydrogen production via electrolysis, which yields a non-polluting product, has garnered significant interest. For the electrochemical water decomposition, the primary challenge remains the sluggish kinetics of the electrolysis process. Three-dimensional porous materials with greatly increased specific surface area can provide additional active sites and facilitate the adsorption and desorption of intermediates, benefitting their catalytic efficiency. Therefore, catalysts with three-dimensional porous structures have become one of the focused topics to address the kinetics of water electrolysis. In this review, typical materials, i.e., self-supporting porous materials and supported porous arrays, are introduced due to their great potential to replace noble metal-based catalysts. Their structural/compositional features and synthesis routines, as well as advancements in their application to the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction and overall water splitting, are summarized to analyze their merits and challenges as electrocatalysts in water splitting. Various modification strategies, including structural, defect, and hybrid engineering, are explored to elucidate their impact on catalyst performance. This review aims to explore the correlation between structure and function and is expected to offer valuable insights into the design of porous catalysts by discussing prospective research avenues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01392"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the influences of lanthanum-based perovskite oxides on NiCo2S4 as electrode material in activated carbon cloth-based flexible supercapacitors","authors":"Eshagh Noormohammadi,&nbsp;Leila Naji,&nbsp;Mitra Najafloo,&nbsp;Shirzad Jouybar,&nbsp;Parisa Aminian","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated the potential enhancement of flexible supercapacitor (FSC) performance through the combination of different La-based perovskite nanostructures (LaMO₃, where M denotes Ni, Co, and Fe) with NiCo₂S₄ (NCS) as electrode material. NCS was mixed with LaMO₃ at a 1:1 M ratio and three composite electrode materials of NCS/LNO, NCS/LCO, and NCS/LFO were obtained, which were individually coated on the activated carbon cloth (ACC) to prepare flexible electrodes. The structural and morphological features, along with elemental content of the synthesized materials and the prepared ACC-based electrodes were examined using different physicochemical characterization techniques. The composite electrodes exhibited superior electrochemical performance than NCS, in which NCS/LNO, NCS/LCO, NCS/LFO, and NCS exhibited an initial capacity of 585, 500, 410, and 330C/g, respectively, under an applied 1 A/g current density. NCS/LNO featured a charge maintenance of 87.5 % at 4 A/g after 10,000 cycles, which was higher than that achieved for NCS/LCO (82 %), NCS/LFO (76.4 %), and NCS (71 %). Subsequently, four asymmetric SC devices were constructed with the aforementioned electrodes serving as the anode and activated carbon (AC) as the cathode. In comparison to other three devices, the NCS/LNO//AC device greatly improved power and energy density, reaching a maximum of 86.6 Wh.kg⁻¹ at a power density of 400 W.kg⁻¹, which was higher than the desired 39.5 Wh.kg⁻¹ even at a high-power density of 16 kW.kg⁻¹. Moreover, when subjected to 10,000 cycles at a current density of 4 A/g, this device maintained 85 % of its capacity. Furthermore, the FSC device fabricated based on NCS/LNO could retain its electrochemical performance under bending deformation. This highlights that NCS/LNO can be regarded as a potential material with great promise for flexible energy systems and wearable electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01389"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress towards composition-based inline sorting and recycling of multilayer polymer packaging","authors":"Márton Bredács ,&nbsp;Chiara Barretta ,&nbsp;Jutta Geier ,&nbsp;Michael Feuchter ,&nbsp;Kateřina Plevová ,&nbsp;Gernot Oreski ,&nbsp;Gerald Koinig ,&nbsp;Brigitta Viktória Csányi ,&nbsp;Szilveszter Gergely","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-dimensional plastic packaging films provide vital protection during transport and storage of food and other goods, offering significant economic benefits compared to other materials. However, their usage results in a considerable amount of packing waste including multi-materials and multilayer films made of various polymer layers, which are exceptionally difficult to recycle into high-value products. To promote sustainable material usage, efforts towards recycling of these two-dimensional materials are essential. This work presents a proof of concept for composition-based mechanical sorting of multilayer plastic films. The use of transflectance near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging data collected on a laboratory scale sorting line and principal component analysis (PCA) allowed a composition-specific distinction. Besides the separation of multilayers from monolayers, several multilayer classes according to their two major polymer components were identified. In case of two commonly used multilayers, polyethylene-polyamide (PE/PA) and polyethylene-polyethylene terephthalate (PE/PET), further NIR based classification was found and investigated using Raman and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (FTIR-ATR) imaging spectroscopy. Cross-section analysis showed that only certain classes within PE/PA multilayers contain ethylene vinyl alcohol, whereas classes within PE/PET showed the presence of polyvinyl alcohol layers and different number of layers. This composition-based sorting method could enhance the recycling potential of multilayer packaging films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01385"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}