Sustainable Materials and Technologies最新文献

{"title":"Cryogenic assisted abrasive waterjet machining of Ti-6Al-4V alloy: Thermo-mechanical optimization and AI-based surface integrity prediction","authors":"Shuaikang Chang ,&nbsp;Wenchuan Liu ,&nbsp;Jiren Tang ,&nbsp;Mengyan Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the optimization of surface integrity in Ti-6Al-4V alloy through cryogenically assisted abrasive waterjet machining (CAAWJM), focusing on the regulation of thermo-mechanical mediated performance using liquid nitrogen (LN₂) deep cooling. While conventional abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM) offers distinct advantages for difficult-to-machine materials, such as titanium alloys, its inherent transient high-temperature effects can induce microstructural damage and thermal instability. Results demonstrated that LN₂ integration effectively reduces peak temperatures by 42 % while enhancing cooling rates, thereby substantially mitigating thermal degradation. Microstructural analyses reveal that CAAWJM promotes grain refinement (58 % reduction in α-Ti grain size), increases high-angle grain boundaries (up to 60.2 %), and stabilizes the β-phase (28 % higher retention compared to AWJM). Mechanical testing shows a 42 % improvement in microhardness near the jet impact zone, accompanied by a substantial reduction in surface roughness due to suppressed abrasive embedding and oxidation (TiO₂ content decreased by 42.48 %). A novel deep learning model (Bootstrap + TabPFN) is developed to predict surface integrity, achieving an R² of 0.955. These findings establish CAAWJM as a promising strategy for high-integrity machining of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, with implications for aerospace and biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01685"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modular infusion: A practical application of vitrimers derisking manufacture and enabling repair and (dis)assembly","authors":"Joseph Soltan ,&nbsp;Jamie Hartley ,&nbsp;Janice M. Dulieu-Barton ,&nbsp;Dmitry S. Ivanov","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A well-known challenge in the production of large composite structures using liquid resin infusion processes is the lack of repeatability. Furthermore, when in service damage occurs facilitating effective repairs can be costly so often large composite components are scrapped. These two factors restrict the adoption of composites, and impact on the ongoing sustainability of the use of composite materials in a wide range of sectors. Hence, a robust manufacturing procedure is devised that involves dividing a preform into discrete modular regions using resin barrier films; these allow preferential and predictable flow front propagation. The effectiveness of the procedure is demonstrated on a complex integrated rib structure using X-ray computed tomography (XCT), which showed a significant reduction in void volume in the modular infusion. To address the repairability of composite structures and to ease the assembly of composite parts the barrier films are further functionalised using vitrimer type resins. It is shown that these can enable a novel fusion assembly of sub-components with different break-down options and provide a means of targeted interfacial repair. It is shown that in T-stiffened samples the functionalised modular sample pull-off strength was comparable to a VARTM baseline with excellent restoration of load carrying capabilities after 3 repairing cycles. It is demonstrated that application of a resin film barrier can effectively control manufacturing and reduce the magnitude of voids. Moreover, resin barrier films can be used to create an interface that supports repair and enables reconfigurable modular infused structures. The multifunctional film barrier has the potential to enhance the entire lifecycle of a large and difficult to recycle large composite structure. The multifunctional resin barrier film provides a means of de-risking manufacture, facilitating in-service repair and disassembly at end of life allowing for elements of the structure to be salvaged or more readily recycled.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01680"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable and portable kapok-based hydroelectric generators with high power density for wearable applications","authors":"Dawei Zhang ,&nbsp;Dezhuang Ji ,&nbsp;Baosong Li ,&nbsp;Xinyu Wang ,&nbsp;Abdallah Kamal ,&nbsp;Hongtao Zhang ,&nbsp;Kin Liao ,&nbsp;Lianxi Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural fibers offer great opportunities for broad sustainable applications due to their unique microstructures and environmental abundance. In this study, we present the Raw-Kapok Cell Generator (RCG), a device that generates electricity through water evaporation based on the raw kapok fibers without the delignification treatment. Benefiting from its hydrophilic inner wall and hydrophobic outer shell, each kapok fiber can act as an individual power unit. By assembling these fibers in an aligned manner, the RCG can achieve an continuous output power density as high as 4.5 μW/cm² after optimizing the physical dimensions, fiber alignment, and packing density. It is also revealed that the continuous electrical output is driven by the contact electrification at water-fiber interface and water evaporation-induced charge migration, which in turn is strongly dependent on fiber microstructures and water transport. This work demonstrates the potential of kapok fibers for eco-friendly and reliable energy generation, representing a green solution of portable power sources for wearable devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01678"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave-pyrolyzed recovered carbon fibers for electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Wenyu Li ,&nbsp;Junjie Ji ,&nbsp;Hengyu Lin ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Zirui Cheng ,&nbsp;Yanan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yubing Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recycling and utilization of carbon fibers have garnered significant research interest in recent years. Nevertheless, current recycling pathways for reclaimed carbon fibers remain constrained, with reprocessed products exhibiting limited economic value. This study investigates a two-step microwave pyrolysis recycling methodology, investigating the performance of microwave-pyrolyzed recycled CF (mCF) and systematically studying the effect of oxidation time on the properties of the recycled fibers. The prolonged oxidation time leads to a progressive reduction of carbonaceous residues on the fiber surfaces. At an oxidation duration of 25 min, mCF achieves an optimal tensile strength retention rate of 86.2 %. Notably, the presence of polar functional groups and surface defects on mCF enhances dipole polarization while elongating the propagation path of electromagnetic waves, thereby endowing mCF with superior microwave absorption characteristics. Under conditions of low filler loading (20 wt%) and minimal thickness (4.5 mm), mCF exhibits exceptional electromagnetic wave attenuation performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss (RL) of −15.17 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ −10 dB) of 1.72 GHz. These findings establish mCF as a promising multifunctional filler that synergistically combines mechanical robustness with outstanding microwave absorption properties, proposing an innovative paradigm for the high-value resource utilization of recycled carbon fibers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01673"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ assembly of hyperbranched phosphonitrile networks and ZrP: Preparing durable flame retardant and high char-forming regenerated cellulose fibers","authors":"Wei Tan ,&nbsp;Yin Tian ,&nbsp;Lei Tan ,&nbsp;Lu Bai ,&nbsp;Ying Chang ,&nbsp;Guixiang Song ,&nbsp;Yuanlin Ren ,&nbsp;Ping Li ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the dual challenges of diminishing fossil reserves and proliferating plastic waste accumulation, harnessing renewable cellulose resources offers a promising solution. Guided by the principles of intumescent flame retardant system, the eco-friendly hyperbranched phosphonitrile networks integrating acid, carbon and gas sources was prepared and covalently anchored onto Lyocell fabrics. Further, the hyperbranched phosphonitrile networks induced the interfacial assembly of zirconium phosphate (ZrP) to construct flame retardant Lyocell fabrics (Lyocell-TCHNs@ZrP) with low-temperature multiphase catalytic carbonization and high-temperature physical shielding effects. The char residue of Lyocell-TCHNs@ZrP under N₂ atmosphere was increased from 13.63 % of original sample to 39.12 % at 800 °C, while the thermo-oxidative behavior was also suppressed in air conditions. Meanwhile, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of Lyocell-TCHNs@ZrP were reduced by 66.10 % and 80.90 %, which showed great self-extinguishing ability in combustion test. In addition, the tensile strength of Lyocell-TCHNs@ZrP was slightly improved, while the hand feel and whiteness were well remained. This work provided fundamental insights into the molecular design of hyperbranched intumescent flame retardants and the synergistic interaction between solid catalysts, along with an effective strategy for the fire safety performance of cellulose derived textiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01677"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale performance evolution and eco-efficiency analysis of sustainable alumina-rich cement composites cured by electric activation","authors":"Xiangxing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yushi Liu ,&nbsp;Yimiao Huang ,&nbsp;Guowei Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cement industry is a major source of global carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, driving the search for low-carbon alternatives. Limestone calcined clay cement (LC³), with its reduced clinker content and low-carbon profile during curing, offers a promising route. However, the lower early-age strength of LC³ related to low-clinker limits the use of construction materials. This study addresses the needs for carbon-reduction and low early-term strength, through the method combining clean-energy electric-activation curing (EAC) with low-carbon LC³ to establish a comprehensive carbon-reduction pathway from material formulation through curing. Result shows that increasing the curing voltage from 24 V to 72 V amplifies 7 h compressive strength by a factor of 7.7 in voltage-controlled experiments. A small impact shift is noticed that lower voltages encourage wrapped lateral precipitate of hydration gels, whereas higher voltages induce radial deposition, resulting in a denser microstructure. Life cycle assessment (LCA) indicates that the environmental impacts of EAC-LC³ reduced by 29.7 % (GWP), 11.5 % (ADP fossil), 33.7 % (AP), 28.4 % (EP), and 27.4 % (POCP), respectively, and the life cycle sustainable cost (LCSC) reduced by 13.8 %. Insights into voltage-modulated gel-formation mechanisms in alumina-rich systems, together with demonstrated environmental and economic benefits, support the adoption of this innovative low-carbon construction approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01666"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of the multifunctional research progress and sustainable development trends in bamboo-based composites","authors":"JunChang Su ,&nbsp;ZhuoYuan Chen ,&nbsp;Lei Le ,&nbsp;MingLi Liu ,&nbsp;ChunFeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To cope with the scarcity of petroleum-based material resources and increasing environmental problems, the development of environmentally friendly composite materials is imminent. The use of natural fibers to reinforce polymers to create composites is a state-of-the-art technology that not only significantly reduces the carbon footprint but also meets the requirements for lightweight and high-strength structural materials. As an outstanding representative of natural fibers, bamboo has a short maturity period, low production costs, biodegradability, and excellent mechanical properties. This paper reviews the effects of fiber content, fiber size, fiber surface modification, and the addition of nanomaterials and functional substances on the mechanical, thermal, flame-retardant, durability, water absorption, biodegradability, and recyclability properties of bamboo fiber-reinforced polymers. Based on the classification of composite matrices, bamboo-based composite systems are discussed in this paper in two categories: thermoplastic and thermosetting. This review also describes the diverse applications of the two bamboo-based composites and provides insights into their potential applications and prospects, which may be crucial for the efficient recycling of agroforestry waste, such as bamboo. This paper provides important insights and recommendations for researchers and experts in the field of bamboo matrix composites that can provide ideas for sustainable material development. This study also provides a reference for the application of biomass and biomass-derived materials to produce high value-added green composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01665"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-based sorbitan monooleate as a dual-function crosslinker for strong and water-resistant polyurethane adhesives","authors":"Chengxin Xie ,&nbsp;Lanlan Su ,&nbsp;Zhendong Deng ,&nbsp;Wandi Zhai ,&nbsp;Xiangchao Pang ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Hao ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of sustainable, high-performance adhesives has remained a challenge, hindered by the intrinsic trade-off between eco-friendliness and robust functionality, required for demanding applications. This is particularly true for waterborne polyurethane (WPU) adhesives, whose use in the plywood industry is limited by insufficient mechanical strength and poor water resistance. In this study, a bio-based molecule sorbitan monooleate (SP) was introduced as a dual-function crosslinker to enhance the mechanical and hydrophobic properties of WPU wood adhesives. The unique molecular structure of SP, featuring synergistic polyhydroxyl groups and a long hydrophobic oleic acid chain, was precisely engineered to construct a dense (215.06 mol/m³) three-dimensional network within the WPU matrix, abbreviated as WPU-SP_x. This molecular-level design by introducing biomolecule SP yield a dramatic, synergistic enhancement of the final plywood composite's properties. Compared to the unmodified WPU group, the static bending strength and bonding strength of the optimized WPU-SP_x plywood was enhanced by 435.7 % and 299.0 %, respectively. Concurrently, the WPU-SP_x plywood composite exhibited exceptional dimensional stability against moisture, with its delamination rate and volumetric expansion suppressed to a mere 3.92 % and 0.52 %, demonstrating a remarkable improvement over the unmodified WPU group. This study validates a novel concept where bio-based molecules with designed functionalities can simultaneously enhance the mechanical and hydrophobic properties of polymer networks, offering a scalable and green strategy to generation advanced sustainable materials that meet industrial performance demands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01669"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The recovery of valuable elements from rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag by the fluorination-vacuum distillation method","authors":"Ziyan Yang ,&nbsp;Faxin Xiao ,&nbsp;Shuchen Sun ,&nbsp;Zhentao Zhou ,&nbsp;Jingyi Chen ,&nbsp;Xuwei Luo ,&nbsp;Junqiang Chen ,&nbsp;Ganfeng Tu ,&nbsp;Chengfu Sui ,&nbsp;Kuopei Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag is a valuable secondary resource rich in rare earth elements, lithium and fluorine. Current recovery methods can achieve the comprehensive resource recovery and manageable costs. However, some drawbacks still need to be handled, such as excessive wastewater generation and prolonged processing times. Aiming to address these limitations, a fluorination-vacuum distillation method was proposed for recovering rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag. Initially, ammonium bifluoride was applied to fluorinate rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag at 773 K for 1.5 h, converting rare earth oxyfluorides and rare earth oxides into rare earth fluorides. The fluorinated slag was then compacted and distilled in a vacuum furnace, yielding two condensates: rare earth fluorides and a mixture of lithium fluoride and lithium cryolite. Under the optimal conditions, including distillation temperature of 1573 K, distillation time of 4 h and absolute pressure of 1 Pa, the recovery efficiencies of rare earth elements, lithium and aluminum reached 96.33 %, 99.99 % and 98.24 %, respectively. In this study, comprehensive resource recovery was achieved with a short process, and almost no wastewater or gas emission was generated due to the vacuum distillation method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01670"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green electrochemical upcycling of spent batteries into graphene oxide: Process optimization, structural characterization, and life cycle assessment","authors":"Luong Huynh Vu Thanh ,&nbsp;Le Thanh Phu ,&nbsp;Duong Quoc Phu ,&nbsp;Ha Quoc Nam ,&nbsp;Pham Duy Toan ,&nbsp;Tran Thi Bich Quyen","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the demand for sustainable practices in materials science intensifies, this study presents an environmentally benign electrochemical route for synthesizing graphene oxide (GO) using graphite rods recovered from spent zinc–carbon batteries. Traditional methods such as the Hummers and modified Hummer's techniques involve hazardous chemicals and concentrated acids, posing significant environmental and health concerns. In contrast, our approach utilizes a neutral sodium sulfate electrolyte for electrochemical oxidation, enabling a safer, cleaner process that eliminates harmful byproducts. Process parameters, including electrolyte concentration, applied voltage, and reaction time, were optimized using Response Surface Methodology with a Central Composite Design to ensure efficiency and reproducibility. The resulting GO was extensively characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and UV–Visible analysis. The results revealed a well-oxidized, mesoporous GO structure that retained its sp² carbon framework while introducing oxygen-containing functional groups in a controlled manner. Furthermore, a comprehensive life cycle assessment highlighted the environmental advantages of this method over conventional synthesis routes, showing significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, acidification, eco-toxicity, and ozone depletion potential. This work aligns with the principles of the circular economy and cleaner production, offering a sustainable pathway for value-added carbon nanomaterials from electronic waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01672"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}