Sustainable Materials and Technologies最新文献

{"title":"Modified Sol-gel synthesis of LiNbO3: Rietveld refinement, morphology, optical properties and high photocatalytic performance over RhB dye","authors":"Wanison André Gil Pessoa Júnior ,&nbsp;Francisco Marcos Costa Batista ,&nbsp;Ingrity Suelen Costa Sá ,&nbsp;Victoria Flexer ,&nbsp;David Comedi ,&nbsp;Monica Tirado ,&nbsp;Yurimiler Leyet Ruiz ,&nbsp;Rubens Lucas de Freitas Filho ,&nbsp;Rochel Motero Lago ,&nbsp;Ana Paula de Carvalho Texeira ,&nbsp;José Fábio de Lima Nascimento ,&nbsp;Francisco Xavier Nobre ,&nbsp;Paulo Rogério da Costa Couceiro","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we report for the first time that a high photocatalytic performance of multiphase mixed LiNbO₃ was successfully obtained using a modified Pechini method, varying the calcination temperatures between 500 °C (LiNb500) and 800 °C (LiNb800), against the Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under simulated ultraviolet light. The produced materials were characterized by Thermogravimetric analysis/Difference thermal gravimetry (TG/DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement, Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis by diffuse reflectance, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the surface area and pore volume by BET. Based on the results, it is confirmed that the influence of heat treatment leads to the obtaining of a pure phase for LiNb500. At temperatures equal to or higher than 600 °C, minor secondary phases of LiNb₃O₈ (2.82 % to 4.2 %) were observed. The optical characterization revealed strong luminescent emission for the LiNb500 sample, resulting from the synergistic effect of the matrix with the residual carbon, and suppression of the luminescent effect for the other samples caused by the elimination of carbon by increasing the heat treatment temperature. On the other hand, the XPS analysis of the chemical states of the elements present in the LiNbO₃ matrix revealed that the LiNb600 sample has a higher percentage of Nb⁴⁺ than Nb⁵⁺ species on the surface of the nanocrystals, compared to the others, as well as chemical states related to oxygen vacancies. These characteristics provided improvements in photocatalytic performance. In this case, it promoted the discoloration of 100 % of RhB (10 mg.L⁻¹) after 60 min of exposure time under UVc light. Through the scavenger study for reactive species photogenerated, it is confirmed that the superoxide radicals and holes are the main species involved in the discoloration of RhB dye molecules, where the absence of oxygen in the photocatalyst test resulted in a decrease of 35.39 %. In addition, after the five consecutive cycles of 90 min in the reuse test, the efficiency exceeded 91 %. Thus, the LiNbO₃ polymorphs exhibit a synergistic and promising performance in the photodegradation of persistent organic pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01668"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized biochar and SCMs for improved mechanical properties and sustainability of engineered/strain-hardening cementitious composites (ECC/SHCC)","authors":"Xiaoyi Liu ,&nbsp;Tianyu Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaying Wei ,&nbsp;Haoliang Wu ,&nbsp;Shu-Chien Hsu ,&nbsp;Christopher K.Y. Leung","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) exhibit excellent ductility and crack resistance but rely heavily on cement consumption, limiting their environmental and economic sustainability. This study systematically investigates the integration of biochar and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) into ECC formulations, with a focus on optimizing mechanical performance, life cycle environmental impacts, and cost efficiency. The findings demonstrate that a strategic combination of high fly ash content and moderate biochar incorporation not only maintains, but can enhance, the functional properties of ECC while substantially reducing its carbon footprint. Excessive biochar reduces strength and crack control, emphasizing the importance of dosage optimization. Scenario analysis further reveals that biochar production method significantly influences environmental outcomes, with gasifier-based systems outperforming traditional pyrolysis. As compared to alternatives with ground granulated blast furnace slag and low-fly ash, the high-FA ECC mixes with controlled biochar incorporation present a viable pathway toward sustainable cementitious composites. This study offers a performance-based framework to guide ECC mix design under life cycle and carbon reduction considerations, underscoring the importance of dosage optimization and production method selection in realizing the full potential of biochar as a sustainability additive in cementitious composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01654"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring high-entropy alloys for cutting-edge hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis","authors":"Akbar Hojjati-Najafabadi ,&nbsp;Reza Behmadi ,&nbsp;Yezeng He ,&nbsp;Hesam Kamyab ,&nbsp;Yasser Vasseghian","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper provides a general overview of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) as future electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Growing energy demands worldwide and the need to mitigate climate change have placed attention on the efficient, sustainable production of hydrogen through electrochemical water splitting. Traditional noble-metal electrocatalysts such as platinum (Pt) possess excellent HER activity but are burdened by exorbitantly inhibitive cost, scarcity, and poisoning sensitivity. High-entropy alloys that consist of five or more major components in nearly equimolar proportions offer a paradigmatic solution due to their unique structural and electronic properties. High configurational entropy, lattice distortion, sluggish diffusion, and synergistic \"cocktail\" effects, in combination, enhance the catalytic activity of these alloys. Improved synthesis techniques of HEAs in nanoparticle, nanowire, and porous network forms have been discovered to exhibit high HER activity with low overpotentials and long-term durability. This review critically explores the fundamental principles of HER, the design principles of HEA electrocatalysts, and their applications in catalysis, with special focus on directions for future research to realize their full potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01655"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional 3D carbon nanomaterials for enhanced performance in phase change materials: A smart approach","authors":"Reji Kumar Rajamony","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal energy storage (TES) using phase change materials (PCMs) has attracted significant attention in various smart applications, including photovoltaic thermal system, electronic cooling, textiles, and battery thermal management system. However, low thermal conductivity and leakage issues during phase transition remain critical challenges. Among advanced materials, three dimensional (3D) carbon-based nanomaterials and their derivatives have emerged as promising candidates due to their exceptional thermal conductivity, structural stability and multifunctionality. This review systematically explores recent progress in in incorporating 3D carbon-based nanomaterials with phase change materials to enhance thermal performance, reduce leakage and promote sustainable solutions. Different types of 3D carbon materials, their unique properties and their applications in TES, building materials and thermal control systems are critically examined. The review also highlights the role of bio based 3D materials and non-carbon-based nanomaterials in improving PCM characteristics. A comprehensive analysis of recent advancements, key challenges and future research direction is provided, offering valuable insights for developing next generation multifunctional PCM based thermal management and storage systems that supports green and low carbon technologies. Introducing 3D carbon-based materials demonstrates strong potential to address leakage issues while significantly improving the thermal conductivity of the PCMs. The review will show the future pathway for researchers to develop advanced composite PCM with higher latent heat capacity, higher thermal conductivity and more excellent shape stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01667"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable design and tuning of nanostructured WO₃ via green anodization in pure lactic acid for photoelectrochemical water splitting","authors":"Daniel Piecha ,&nbsp;Mateusz Szczerba ,&nbsp;Piyali Chatterjee ,&nbsp;Olga Chernyayeva ,&nbsp;Grzegorz D. Sulka","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we demonstrate the use of pure, environmentally friendly lactic acid as an electrolyte for the controlled, green synthesis of WO₃ layers by anodic oxidation. The influence of anodization voltage (80–110 V), electrolyte concentration (150 and 300 mM), and process temperature (5–25 °C) was systematically investigated to identify optimal conditions for producing nanostructured, porous WO₃ layers with a thickness below 700 nm. Detailed characterization of the materials' morphology and composition was carried out using FE-SEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy confirming their high purity, and crystallinity. Optical (UV–Vis DRS), semiconducting (Mott-Schottky, EIS) and photoelectrochemical (under simulated sunlight and monochromatic illumination) analyses revealed an optical band gap of about 2.9 eV and an electrochemical band gap of about 2.7 eV, along with high donor density and efficient incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE). The WO₃ layers synthesized at 15 °C exhibited the best photoelectrochemical performance and long-term stability in solar-driven water oxidation. The optimal photoanodes exhibit a photocurrent of up to approximately 0.80 mA cm⁻² (at 1.23 V vs. RHE) under simulated sunlight and retain about 80 % of their initial photocurrent after 4 h of continuous illumination. This study provides a novel, simple, one-step green synthesis strategy for fabricating photoanodes, eliminating the need for hazardous, fluoride-based electrolytes and offering a sustainable route for photoelectrochemical water splitting applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01662"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why hybrid composite materials? Findings from a systematic literature review of life cycle assessments","authors":"Zaida Ortega ,&nbsp;Agata Matarazzo ,&nbsp;Luis Suárez ,&nbsp;Pierluigi Catalfo ,&nbsp;Carlo Ingrao","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article explores the relevant environmental issues of hybrid composite materials, that are defined as those systems in which two reinforcing or filling materials are added to a matrix, or a reinforcement or filler is added to a blend of matrices. To that end, a systematic literature review of Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) in the field was carried out by the authors according to the PRISMA model, given that LCA is internationally recognized to be a scientifically-based valid methodology for assessing and improving sustainability issues of products and services. Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus were used to perform the bibliographical search, those are globally recognized to be the most comprehensive databases of peer-reviewed journals and, so, to store the broadest range of scientific articles.</div><div>The analysis of literature on the field of the lifecycle assessment (LCA) of hybrid materials have shown that this is a new path still to be explored. While LCA is widely used for the assessment of environmental properties of different materials and applications, to date only few papers apply this methodology to assess the lifecycle of hybrid materials.</div><div>Results retrieved have been combined to obtain the core works assessed in this review, finding that currently the literature about the application of LCA methodologies for assessing the impacts of hybrid composites is very limited, with not many references found to date, and thus there is huge potential for future growing in this path.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01663"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative studies on the lithium and sodium ions storages in semi-coke derived carbon anode materials","authors":"Yajuan Guo ,&nbsp;Min Zhong ,&nbsp;Mingliang Bai ,&nbsp;Jiali Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenzhuo Shen ,&nbsp;Shouwu Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The same carbon material usually shows different electrochemical performances as the anodes in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, and the underneath mechanisms are remained to be debated. In the work, we prepared more than ten kinds of carbon materials with semi-coke as precursor through calcination in Ar atmosphere at different temperatures from 600 to 2800 °C. The carbon materials prepared at the temperatures from 600 to 1000 °C showed manifest specific capacities for Li and Na ion storage. The ones got at the temperatures from 1200 to 1400 °C delivered a higher Na ion storage capacity than that of Li ion. Oppositely, the carbon materials obtained at the temperatures from 1600 to 2800 °C exhibit higher Li ion storage capacity than that of the Na ion. The structure evolution demonstrates that low-temperature carbon (600–1000 °C) assume excellent long cycling stability for both LIBs and SIBs, but they exhibited lower initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) due to the residual more oxygen-containing groups. The medium-temperature carbon (1200–1400 °C) assume certain nano-sized closed pores that are essential for Na ion storage as a quasi-metallic state, but not the Li ion. This nano-sized closed pores structural features enhance the reversible capacity of medium-temperature carbon but negatively impact their kinetic properties. In contrast, the high-temperature carbon (1600–2800 °C) show graphite gallery that affords with a long cycling performance and high ICE for LIBs, but not for SIBs. This work provides a protocol for synthesizing various carbon materials from semi-coke, offers insights into the electrochemical mechanisms of lithium and sodium storage, and establishes a framework for designing suitable anode materials for LIBs and SIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01660"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqueous carbonation of steel slag with Na2CO3 solution: Synthesis of amorphous silica gel and performance enhancement of carbonated steel slag blended cement paste","authors":"Zhenqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Keren Zheng ,&nbsp;Mingchao Xu ,&nbsp;Lou Chen ,&nbsp;Qiang Yuan ,&nbsp;Qingyu Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The low reactivity and bulk expansion limit the industry-scale application of steel slag (SS). Accelerated carbonation has been demonstrated as an efficient way to activate the reactivity of steel slag and reduce carbon emissions. However, the carbonation efficiency of steel slag is limited due to the influence of CO₂ penetration rate and carbonation environment in the existing carbonation process. Moreover, the novel upcycling techniques for the high-value utilization of steel slag are limited. This study proposed a two-step carbonation method with Na₂CO₃ solution to convert steel slag powder to a calcium-rich residue and silica gel separately. Then explored the properties evolution of cement paste incorporated with carbonated steel slag (CSS) varied in carbonation degree. The results indicated that carbonated steel slag achieved the maximum carbonation degree of 78.6 % at Na₂CO₃ solution of 2.5 mol/L, reaction temperature of 40 °C, L/S of 20 mL/g and carbonation time of 20 h. No obvious product layer was observed surrounding the steel slag due to the constant stirring dispersed the products, and nano-silica gel with a high purity of 98.8 % was successfully synthesized from steel slag by the two-step carbonation process followed by HNO₃ solution washing treatment. The incorporation of metakaolin (MK) induces the formation of carboaluminate phases and stabilizes the ettringite, eliminating the harmful effects of carbonated steel slag on cement paste and improving the mechanical properties of the ternary system. This study not only presents a promising way to increase the utilization of steel slag and offers an environmentally friendly approach to preparing nano-silica gel from steel slag, but also recycles the reaction solution, demonstrating great potential for industrial-scale application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01659"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of missing linker defects and tuning Ni-dopants engineering for Co-MOFs to boost rate capability and capacity in supercapacitor","authors":"Yingli Yang ,&nbsp;Hailiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Jia ,&nbsp;Guoli Zhang ,&nbsp;Gang Li ,&nbsp;Kaiying Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising supercapacitor electrode materials due to their structural tunability and high density of electroactive sites. However, intrinsically low electrical conductivity fundamentally constrains their electrochemical performance. To overcome this limitation, we implement a defect engineering strategy, constructing missing-linker defects and Ni dopants within 2D CoNi-BTC/IPA nanosheets via one-pot solvothermal synthesis. This synergistic strategy simultaneously modulates the electronic structure of MOFs while generating supplementary electroactive sites, thereby enhancing charge transfer kinetics and specific capacity—collectively enabling exceptional electrochemical performance. The optimized architecture achieves a high specific capacity of 1220.4 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.5 A g⁻¹, representing a five-fold improvement compared to Co-BTC (226.9 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹). Even with an increase in current density from 0.5 to 10 A g⁻¹, it retains an excellent capacity retention rate of 96.8 %. The CoNi-BTC/IPA//AC hybrid supercapacitor device showcases a power density of 687.7 W kg⁻¹ alongside an energy density of 50.4 Wh kg⁻¹. Furthermore, it maintains 80 % capacity retention after undergoing 8000 cycles of charging and discharging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01661"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational design of multi-metal oxysulfide electrocatalysts for efficient scalable anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer","authors":"Ga-hwa Kim ,&nbsp;Rajavel Velayutham ,&nbsp;Su-hyeon Kim ,&nbsp;John D. Rodney ,&nbsp;Amol Marotrao Kale ,&nbsp;Yangho Choi ,&nbsp;Young-Ju Lee ,&nbsp;Won-Je Cho ,&nbsp;Keeyoung Jung ,&nbsp;R.M. Bommi ,&nbsp;Byung Chul Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rational design of efficient, non-precious electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) remains critical for sustainable hydrogen production. This work aims to develop cost-effective, noble metal-free transition metal nano electrocatalysts for the simultaneous generation of green hydrogen through water splitting. Herein, we synthesize multi-metal transitional oxysulfide Fe_0.2Cu_0.2Co_0.2Zn_0.2Ni_0.2 (FCCZN) electrocatalysts via solution combustion synthesis and chemical bath deposition, resulting in nanoball-nanosheet architectures. Cu-FCCZN achieves a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) overpotential of 70 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² with a Tafel slope of 87.92 mV dec⁻¹, while Fe-FCCZN requires 273 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 10 mA cm⁻². The optimized Cu-FCCZN and Fe-FCCZN exhibit excellent operational stability for over 100 h at a current density of 200 mA cm⁻². Structural analysis reveals interfacial oxygen/sulfur-rich active sites that enhance conductivity and stabilize intermediates. Moreover, a scalable 16 cm² overall AEM water electrolyzer constructed using a Cu-FCCZN||Fe-FCCZN electrocatalyst operates stably for 250 h at 200 mA cm⁻² with a cell voltage of 4.41 V in 1 M KOH, outperforming reported noble-metal-free devices. This work provides a cost-effective strategy for designing high-performance electrocatalysts, advancing industrial-scale green hydrogen production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01656"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}