Sustainable Materials and Technologies最新文献

{"title":"Correlation between rotational molding process temperature and degradation changes of polyethylene and composites containing coffee spent grounds used as an active filler","authors":"Mateusz Barczewski ,&nbsp;Joanna Aniśko-Michalak ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Skórczewska ,&nbsp;Mateusz Maniak ,&nbsp;Paulina Kosmela ,&nbsp;Wiktoria Żukowska ,&nbsp;Anna Przybylska-Balcerek ,&nbsp;Lidia Szwajkowska-Michałek ,&nbsp;Kinga Stuper-Szablewska ,&nbsp;Bogusława Waliszewska ,&nbsp;Magdalena Zborowska ,&nbsp;Joanna Szulc ,&nbsp;Aleksander Hejna","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Apart from developing novel polymeric compositions, industrially oriented research should consider the critical impact of processing parameters on the structure and properties of final products. It is of vital importance, especially in the case of multithreaded processing, taking into account both the influence of individual raw materials and the process parameters, which may noticeably affect them in situ. Herein, the presented work quantifies the impact of rotational molding (RM) conditions on degradation mechanisms in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and LDPE-based composites. The experimental technological tests were performed at 200, 225, and 250 °C temperature sets. The influence of different conditions affecting the outer layers of the product (overheating) and inner walls (thermo-oxidation) was analyzed. The polymeric composite was produced using coffee spent grounds (CSG), a waste-based filler rich in active antioxidant compounds, which makes the final material a potential self-stabilizing composite. After processing, samples taken from rotational molded parts were exposed to UV light on the external and internal walls of the product to intensify selected groups of degradation phenomena and to separate the effects resulting from the degradation of the lignocellulosic filler itself, the polymer matrix, and the passivation of active compounds contained in the CSG. Studies have shown that the introduction of 5 wt% CSG, regardless of the degree of degradation of the filler's lignocellulosic structure, did not significantly affect the limitations of stabilization efficiency resulting from the passivation of polyphenolic active compounds. The protection factor (PF), calculated based on oxidation induction time (OIT), decreased by 5 to 23 %, depending on the sample mass, as a result of using a maximum temperature set of 250 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01652"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polypyrrole in-situ encapsulated Prussian blue analogues with diverse topologies for high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Yongwen Yang ,&nbsp;Jiayue Wen ,&nbsp;Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Yang ,&nbsp;Weiping Ye ,&nbsp;Kunyao Cao ,&nbsp;Changyi Zheng ,&nbsp;Qing Pang ,&nbsp;Rui Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenjian Wang ,&nbsp;Weidong Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The poor conductivity of Prussian Blue Analogues (PBAs) and their tendency to agglomerate during pyrolysis limit their application in the field of microwave absorption. To address the aforementioned issues, this study employed polypyrrole (PPy) as a coating layer and utilized Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) with uniform particle sizes in box-like and cage-like topological structures as precursors, successfully preparing B-CoFe/C@PPy and C-CoFe/C@PPy nanoparticles featuring heterogeneous interfaces. The method utilizes a post-thermal-treatment ice-bath coating process, which effectively preserves the original morphological structure of nanoparticles while achieving successful PPy encapsulation. The PPy coating significantly enhances the material's dielectric constant, thereby improving impedance matching and conductive loss. And combined with the synergistic effect of interfacial polarization relaxation induced by heterogeneous interfaces, the composite achieves exceptional EMWA performance. At a filler loading of 30 wt%, C-CoFe/C@PPy exhibits an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.16 GHz at a thickness of 2.2 mm, and the minimum reflection loss can reach −28.10 dB at 1.8 mm. It is believed that this work will enrich the research on polymer-encapsulated PBAs-derived microwave absorbing materials with superior performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01620"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The non-destructive sealing and protection of bronze by hydrophobic films with a Si-O-Si network structure","authors":"Xiaohong Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Bochuan Tan ,&nbsp;Lei Guo ,&nbsp;Pengcheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Dan Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenpo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conservation of excavated bronze artifacts faces persistent challenges in achieving effective yet nondestructive protection. Conventional protective materials frequently encounter limitations due to environmental toxicity, complicated synthesis processes, and demanding implementation conditions. This study presents an eco-friendly solution through ultrasonic-assisted extraction of banana peel to produce a green corrosion inhibitor (BNA). Electrochemical evaluation on simulated bronze revealed remarkable performance under optimal conditions (298 K, 1 h pretreatment), exhibiting: 5.7-fold enhancement in polarization resistance (from 810.72 to 4642.79 Ω·cm²), 92 % reduction in corrosion current density (19.46 to 1.621 μA/cm²), Maximum inhibition efficiency of 91.69 %. Multi-technique characterization (SEM-EDS/XRD/FT-IR/XPS/Raman/contact angle) demonstrated that silicon-containing organic compounds in BNA form a protective Si-O-Si/O-Si-O network via physicochemical adsorption. This hydrophobic film: 1. Creates an effective diffusion barrier against corrosive species; 2. Inhibits copper oxidation reactions; 3. Maintains artifact integrity without altering patina composition. Notably, BNA penetrates corrosion layers while preserving their original morphology and chemical characteristics, fulfilling essential requirements for archaeological conservation. The developed inhibitor combines environmental sustainability with practical application advantages, offering a promising solution for cultural heritage preservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01649"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assembling plasma and ultraviolet radiation with cold-batch process towards a water and energy conservative cotton bleaching technology","authors":"Qing Li ,&nbsp;Xin Xiao ,&nbsp;Huiyu Jiang ,&nbsp;Yuyang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold pad-batch bleaching is an industrialized low-temperature cotton decolorization process, but the issues of low productivity, abundant chemical usage, and wastewater discharge limits its large-scale application. Therefore, an innovative process integrating plasma and UVA irradiations is introduced to cold pad-batch towards a conservation-oriented and highly-efficient bleaching target. Noteworthy, plasma and UVA irradiations play their respective role in bleaching, i.e., plasma induces an easily-wetted fiber surface for better contact with bleaching agents, while UVA boosts bleaching efficiency through catalyzing the decomposition of H₂O₂. Findings indicate that the combination of plasma and UVA radiations reduces the required H₂O₂ from 45 to 30 g/L, NaOH from 15 to 10 g/L, batch duration from 24 h to 1 h, and gets rid of penetrant. The polymerization degree of cotton is maintained due to the reduced chemical usage and shortened batch time. Single-factor experiment and central composite design prove that the UVA exposure time exhibits the highest impact on whiteness, and then comes the H₂O₂ and NaOH dosages, and plasma treatment duration. Optimal conditions (27.5 g/L H₂O₂, 12 g/L NaOH, plasma treatment for 180 s, UVA radiation for 85 min) results in a theoretical maximum whiteness of 80.5, making a 100 % improvement over the greige fabric. The mechanism study of plasma-assisted bleaching validates an increase in the number of oxygen-containing groups and a physically etched surface on cotton, which facilitates the infiltration of bleaching oxidants to completely degrade the color impurities. Demonstrated by life cycle assessment, the proposed bleaching technique exhibits a reduced environmental impact by saving chemical, energy, and water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01644"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure-based classification and performance analysis of superhydrophobic and superoleophilic oil absorbents/adsorbents for oily wastewater treatment and oil spill cleanup: A comprehensive review","authors":"Hanieh Fourjani ,&nbsp;Soheil Zarghami ,&nbsp;Elmira Velayi","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, oil spill treatment has become a significant issue due to oil leakage accidents and oily industrial wastes, resulting in numerous articles being published. However, most approaches for oil spillage cleanup have limitations, and the cleaning method should be suitable for seawater. One applicable method in seawater is employing oil absorbents/adsorbents, but most of them have low selectivity for oil, meaning they will not completely clean the water or make the collected oil reusable. Accordingly, in this review, the works aiming for oil spillage treatment using superhydrophobic absorbents/adsorbents have been reviewed. Superhydrophobic absorbents/adsorbents, due to their strong water-repelling ability, have high selectivity for oil. Moreover, some superhydrophobic absorbents/adsorbents can absorb/adsorb emulsified oil in water. Consequently, this type of absorbent/adsorbent will reduce final costs and environmental impacts. This review paper provides an overview of previous studies and their pros and cons to help future researchers find inspiration for more advanced and thorough studies. In this review paper, the urgency of oil spill cleanup is discussed in the introduction, and the superiority of employing superhydrophobic absorbents/adsorbents is compared to other types of treatment. Section <strong>2</strong> provides information about superhydrophobic absorbents/adsorbents' durability, selectivity, physical structure, chemical properties, reusability, mechanical stability, etc. The physical structures of the absorbents/adsorbents were compared in Section 3. Finally, in Section 4, some research opportunities and ideas are presented based on previous publications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01646"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-based surface functionalization of cotton via periodate oxidation and chitosan grafting for sustainable lac dyeing and multifunctional performance","authors":"Feiyang Zheng ,&nbsp;Chunguang Liang ,&nbsp;Mohammad Shahid ,&nbsp;Yuyang Zhou ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Wanli Liu ,&nbsp;Xianglong Li ,&nbsp;Chang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abstract</div><div>This study presents a fully bio-based and sustainable surface functionalization strategy to enhance lac dye adsorption on cotton fabric through a two-step modification involving periodate oxidation followed by chitosan grafting. Cotton fibers develop a negative charge in aqueous dyeing media, and the anionic nature of lac dye leads to electrostatic repulsion and limited uptake. To address this, sodium periodate was used to oxidize the cotton surface, introducing aldehyde groups that enabled covalent grafting of chitosan—a cationic, biologically active polysaccharide—via Schiff base formation. The resulting amine-rich surface improved dye–fiber interaction under mildly acidic conditions. Surface characterization through zeta potential analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed successful modification without damaging fiber morphology. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption, with optimal dye uptake at pH 4–5 and 90 °C. The functionalized cotton also exhibited excellent ultraviolet protection (UPF rating) and strong antibacterial activity against <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. This work highlights the potential of chitosan as a functional biological macromolecule in developing sustainable, multifunctional textiles through eco-friendly processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01642"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen vacant gray shell and interior ordered TiO2 core for enhanced visible-light photocatalysis","authors":"Alireza Khataee ,&nbsp;Ali Saedi Vand Behpour ,&nbsp;Esmail Doustkhah ,&nbsp;Ramin Hassandoost","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxygen vacancy in metal oxides serves a key function in improving their (photo)(electro)catalytic activity, though quantifying and understanding the exact location and making the oxygen vacancy functional is challenging. Here, we used the depth profiling technique during the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement to investigate the oxygen vacancy in titania created by treating it with a borohydride compound at 350 °C. By etching the surface through the sputtering Ar ions on the sample, the first few layers were removed from the surface of the titania to understand the interior compositions. The results show that by etching only the first few layers, the oxygen ratio is enhanced by 16.5 % compared to the pristine form, but further etching and going into more depth almost show the same ratio. Results also show that these defects are initially covered by NaBO₂, blocking the surface photoactivity. The obtained titania is a gray-shaded titania that shows enhanced photocatalytic activity than the pristine P25 under visible light in degradation tests, achieving 81.47 % degradation efficiency (DE) for oxytetracycline (OTC), with the increased surface area and active defect sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01641"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable metal-organic framework (MOF) bio-films for biomedical applications","authors":"Amir Reza Shojaei ,&nbsp;Ali Soleimany Zefreh ,&nbsp;Moein Malekli ,&nbsp;Bahram Ramezanzadeh ,&nbsp;Hossein Eivaz Mohammadloo","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising prevalence of complex bone fractures, often requiring implants, has driven demand for advanced materials in orthopedics, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) 3D porous structures of metal ions and organic ligands offer exceptional biomedical potential. Their high surface area enhances drug-loading capacity and enables targeted delivery, reducing infection risks by adapting to pH/temperature changes. MOFs' biocompatibility supports applications like antibacterial implant coatings, which also stimulate pre-implant osteogenesis and act as localized drug reservoirs. Furthermore, MOF-modified bone scaffolds enhance mechanical stability, accelerate healing, and improve tissue compatibility. These innovations promise shorter treatment times and superior outcomes compared to traditional methods, positioning MOFs as transformative tools in orthopedic repair and regenerative medicine. In this review, several critical topics concerning MOFs are delved into, including their classification and types, as well as their biocompatibility, which is essential for safe clinical applications. The distinctive properties of MOFs that make them suitable for biomedical uses are explored, with an emphasis on their antibacterial activity, particularly for implants. The discussion is extended to MOF coatings for implant functionalization, their role in stimulating pre-implant osteogenesis, and their potential as drug delivery depots. Furthermore, the impact of surface modifications by MOFs on enhancing bone healing and stability is addressed, alongside the physiological processes involved in bone healing and their applications in wound healing. This comprehensive examination underscores the significant contributions of MOFs to advancing orthopedic implants and tissue engineering solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01633"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a sustainable future: Advances and roadmap of activated carbon as a cost-effective bio-nanomaterial for electrochemical devices","authors":"Achref Chebil ,&nbsp;Asma El Golli ,&nbsp;Bilel Achour ,&nbsp;Najib Ben Messaoud ,&nbsp;Francesco Lufrano","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advancements in cutting-edge technologies, including microfluidics, embedded electronics, nanotechnology, and materials science, have promoted a new area in the design of reliable and sensitive sensors, biosensors, and robust energy storage devices based on sustainable electrodes. In the last decade, activated carbon (AC) has been re-introduced in the design of electrochemical sensors and energy storage devices due to its attractive electroanalytical features, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. The present review paper provides a general overview of the most recent advances in the state-of-the-art on activated carbon-based electrochemical sensors and energy storage devices emphasizing the current trends and possible challenges to this promptly developing area, with special attention on the bio-synthesis of activated carbon from biomass precursors to the fabrication of sensors and bio-sensors (e.g. enzymatic, immunosensors, and DNA-based) as well as the fabrication of energy storage devices notably supercapacitors, to inspire researchers towards green devices and contribute to the requirements claimed by the United Nations (UN) to boost concrete contributions for water cleaning/sanitation, good health/well-being, and clean energy using green, and affordable analytical solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e01603"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-integrated self-powered active road stud-based energy harvesting for enhanced road safety in low-visibility","authors":"Touqeer Aslam ,&nbsp;Ali Azam ,&nbsp;Shoukat Ali Mugheri ,&nbsp;Ammar Ahmed ,&nbsp;Zutao Zhang ,&nbsp;Mansour Abdelrahman ,&nbsp;Juhuang Song ,&nbsp;Chengliang Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the experimental design and performance optimization of an AI-enabled Active Road Stud (ARS) system, utilizing a self-powered and self-balanced dual-slider crank mechanism to enhance safety and support smart infrastructure in low-visibility conditions. The proposed ARS harnesses kinetic energy from passing vehicles and converts it into electrical energy, offering a sustainable, off-grid solution for powering road lights, sensors, and traffic management tools. The study evaluates four road stud profiles: flat (S-1), parabolic (S-2), round (S-3), and wedge (S-4) to maximize energy conversion efficiency. Initially, numerical simulations were conducted in MATLAB/Simulink at varying frequencies corresponding to different vehicle speeds. These simulations revealed that the wedge-shaped (S-4) profile achieved the highest simulated performance, with a three-phase RMS power output of 34.71 W. The simulations were then validated through laboratory testing using a Mechanical Testing and Sensing (MTS) setup. Subsequently, real-time field experiments confirmed the practical performance of the S-4 profile, which achieved an RMS power output of 17.4 W and 9.21 V at a vehicle speed of 25 km/h and 3 Ω resistance, with an overall energy conversion efficiency of 66 %. Additionally, the ARS incorporates a deep learning-based condition monitoring system using a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network to classify operational states (slow, fast, and failure) and predict maintenance needs. Real-time field tests also validated the system's reliability under adverse weather conditions such as fog, rain, and snow. The proposed ARS is a cost-effective, scalable solution for self-powered applications in both urban and rural environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01564"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}